人教版必修五Unit 1 Great scientists learning about language课时作业 6.docx

人教版必修五Unit 1 Great scientists learning about language课时作业 6.docx

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人教版必修五Unit1Greatscientistslearningaboutlanguage课时作业6

Unit1Greatscientistslearningaboutlanguage课时作业

Ⅰ.单句语法填空

1.ChinarecentlytighteneditswaterscontrolsneartheHuangyanIslandtopreventChinesefishingboatsfrombeingattacked（attack）intheSouthChinaSea.

2.Hearrivedhomejustintimetowitnesshisbrotherbeingtakenawaybythepolice.

3.Watchoutforthemaninrags，forheisnotabeggarbutathiefindeed.

4.Asweallknow，woodfloats（float）onwater.

5.Herpuzzled（puzzle）lookonherfacesuggestedshedidn’tunderstandwhatIhadsaid.

6.Sometimeshefounditveryhardtofallasleepatnight，sohewenttoseethedoctor.

7.Lastyear，oneoftheplantsexplodedviolently（violence），andthelocalpeoplegotintoagreatpanic.

8.Newtonwasoneofthegreatestphysicists（physics）intheworldandmanypeopleadmirehimverymuch.

9.Theconversationwascarriedoninaharmoniousandfriendlyatmosphere.

10.Nowthere’sasystemwherethewasteisdisposedofusingtheprinciplesofecology.

Ⅱ.单元知识运用

写作素材（关于恐龙）

1.据说恐龙曾经是地球的主人。

2.恐龙在地球上存活了很长时间。

3.它们通过下蛋来繁衍后代，温暖的气候使它们迅速繁殖。

（bydoing）

4.不幸的是，它们未能阻挡自己的消亡。

5.此后就轮到人类统治这个地球。

（把4、5句合为一个并列句）

连句成篇——根据提示利用本单元所学知识补全短文

11.Itwassaidthatdinosaurswereoncethemastersoftheearth.They12.existedontheearthforalongtime.Theyproducedtheyoung13.bylayingeggsandthe14.warmclimatehelpedthem15.multiplyquickly.Unfortunately，theycouldn’t16.preventthemselvesfromdisappearingandthen17.itistheturnofhumanbeingstocontroltheearth.

Ⅲ.阅读理解

话题：

家庭　难度星级：

☆

（2019·浙江“超级全能生”联考）

Theburstofbarkingsuddenlywokemeup.Itwas230a.m.intheearlymorning.WonderingwhyRockwasmakingsoloudnoises，Idecidedtogotohim.BythetimeImadeittothebottomofthestairs，hewasrunningup.Ifeltstrange，forhehadnevercomeupthestairs，nomatterwhat.Ithinkthatwashiswayoftellingme，“We’vegottogobackup.”

WhenIgottothetopofthestairs，Iturnedaroundandsawalighton，butIdidn’trememberleavingoneon.Iwalkeddownstairsagain，andthat’swhenIsawfire.Iimmediatelyshoutedtomywifetowakeupandgetourthreekids.Igrabbedaknifeandcutouttheplasticthatcoveredthewindowtotheporchroof.Ithenforcedopenthewindowandkickedoutthescreen.Igoteverybodyoutontheroofandthrewablanketouttheresowewouldn’tslipoff.Itwascold，Januarycold.ThenIstartedscreamingforhelp.Buthelpnevercame.

Iwasscaredofheights，butIcouldn’tletmyfamilyburnup.SoIjustjumpedofftheroofandgotthewindknockedoutofmewhenIlanded.

Ifoundourladder，placeditagainstthehouse，andclimbedbackuptotheroof.Iwrappedmyarmsaroundmydaughterandcarriedmyninemontholdwithmyteeth，byhislittlesleeper.ThenIclimbeddowntheladder.Onceontheground，Ihadmylittlegirlholdherbrother，andIwentbackuptotherooftogetmyotherdaughter.ThenIwentbackupagainandgotmywife.Itriedtogetmydog，buthejustdisappearedintheblacksmoke.IneversawRockaliveagain.

语篇解读　本文主要叙述了凌晨两点半，作者家的狗把他从睡梦中惊醒，以此告诉他，家里着火了，作者忙于帮助家人在大火中逃生而忽略了狗，等到要去解救他的狗时，狗已在火中丧生。

18.WhathappenedtotheauthoroneearlyJanuarymorning?

A.Hisdogwasinjured.

B.Arobberytookplace.

C.Hishousewasonfire.

D.Hiswifedisappeared.

答案　C

解析　细节理解题。

根据第二段中的“Iwalkeddownstairsagain，andthat’swhenIsawfire.”可知那天早上作者家着火了。

19.Thepassageismainlydevelopedby__________.

A.analyzingcauses

B.makingcomparisons

C.givingexamples

D.followingthetimeorder

答案　D

解析　文章结构题。

根据故事的叙述过程可知作者按照起火前，抢救中，以及抢救后的顺序写的，是按时间顺序。

20.Whatisthepassagemainlytalkingabout?

A.MydevotedfriendRock.

B.Sometipsforsurvivingafire.

C.Howthefirebrokeout.

D.Howmyfamilysurvivedafire.

答案　D

解析　主旨大意题。

通读全文可知，文章第一段介绍了起火前的奇怪现象，第二、三、四段描写了作者发现房子着火后，及时抢救家人的过程，所以本文主要内容为家人火中逃生的经历。

话题：

自然　难度星级：

☆☆

（2019·重庆巴蜀中学期中）

Scientistshavefoundlivingorganismstrappedincrystals（晶体）thatcouldbe50,000yearsold.

Theorganismswerefoundinahot，butbeautifulcavesysteminNaica，Mexico.Theseancientlifeformscanbeseenonlywithamicroscope.PenelopeBoston，wholeadstheAstrobiologyInstituteatNASA，thespaceagencyoftheUnitedStates，saystheancientmicrobeswereabletolivebyeatingmineralssuchasiron.

ShespokeaboutthediscoveryrecentlyatameetingoftheAmericanAssociationfortheAdvancementofScience.Ifthefindingsareconfirmed，theywillshowhowmicrobescansurviveinextremeconditions.Fortydifferentkindsofmicrobesandsomeviruseswerefoundintheundergroundarea.Thegeneticstructuresoftheseorganismsare10percentdifferentfromthoseoftheirnearestrelatives.

ThecavesinNaicaare800kilometersdeep.Theywereonceusedformininglead.Beforetheminersbeganworkinginthecaves，theareawasseparatedfromthesurfaceandtheoutsideworld.SomeofthecavesareasbigasthelargereligiouscentersbuiltduringEurope’sMiddleAges.Therearecrystalscoveringthewalls.Thecavesaresohotthatscientistsmustwearspecialclothingtokeepcool.Theclothingkeepsthecrystalssafefromhumangerms（病菌）orotherdamage.Bostonsaidtheresearcherscouldonlyworkforabout20minutesatatimebeforetheyhadtogotoaroomthatwas38degreesCelsiustocooldown.

NASAofficialswouldnotletBostonshareherfindingswithscientificexpertsbeforelastweek’sannouncement.Soscientistscouldnotsaymuchaboutthefindings.ButNorineNoonan，abiologistwiththeUniversityofSouthFlorida，saidshebelievedthem.“Whyarewesurprised？

”Noonanasked.“Asabiologist，IwouldsaylifeonEarthisextremelytoughandextremelycolorful.”

Bostonisalsostudyingmicrobescommonlyfoundinsidecavesinothercountries，suchasUkraineandtheUnitedStates.Thesemicrobesappeartobeimpossibletokill.BostonsaidtheyshowhowdifficultlifeonEarthcanbe.

语篇解读　这篇文章主要讲了科学家在墨西哥发现了5万岁的“超级生命”，这些古老的微生物能够通过食用铁等矿物质生存。

21.Theexistenceoftheancientmicrobesrelieson________.

A.surroundinginsectsB.eatingminerals

C.diverseplantsD.absorbingair

答案　B

解析　细节理解题。

由第二段最后一句中的“saystheancientmicrobeswereabletolivebyeatingmineralssuchasiron”可知，这些古老的微生物能够通过食用铁等矿物质生存。

故选B。

22.WhatcanweinferaboutthecavesinNaicafromthepassage?

A.Thetemperatureinthecavesisquitelow.

B.Theenvironmentinthecavesisdifficulttoadaptto.

C.Thewallsarecoveredbycrystals.

D.Thecaveshavebeenexploredsincetheywereformed.

答案　B

解析　推理判断题。

由第四段最后四句可知，洞穴里相当热，科学家必须穿特殊的衣服才能保持凉爽，而且研究人员每次只能工作约20分钟，然后他们就得到38摄氏度的房间里降温。

由此可以推断出，洞穴里的环境很难适应。

选B。

23.WhatisthebiologistNorineNoonan’sattitudetowardsthefindings?

A.Neutral.B.Doubtful.

C.Positive.D.Indifferent.

答案　C

解析　观点态度题。

由倒数第二段中的“Shebelievedthem”，再结合后面她说的话可知，她对这些发现是持乐观态度的。

故选C。

24.What’sthemainideaofthepassage?

A.Livingorganismsbringhopetoscientificresearch.

B.Cavesprovidelivingenvironmentforlivingorganisms.

C.Microbesshowgreatpowertosurviveinterribleconditions.

D.Scientistsdiscover50,000yearold“superlife”inMexico.

答案　D

解析　主旨大意题。

这篇文章主要讲了科学家在墨西哥发现了5万岁的“超级生命”，这些古老的微生物能够通过食用铁等矿物质生存。

故选D。

话题：

健康　难度星级：

☆☆

（2017·湖南长郡中学一模）

Apoorsetofcurtainsmaynotjustmeanyouwakeuptooearly—theycouldalsomakeyoufat.Sleepinginaroomwithtoomuchlighthasbeenlinkedtoanincreasedriskofpilingonthepounds,astudyshows.

Greaterexposuretolightatnightraisedbothbodymassindexandwaistsizeinmorethan113,000womentakingpartintheBritishstudy.Thestudyfollowedthewomenfor40yearstoidentifyrootcausesofbreastcancer.Obesityisaknownriskfactorforthedisease.

“Theassociationswesawinourstudybetweenlightexposureatnightandobesityareveryinteresting.Wecannotyettellatthisstagewhatthereasonfortheassociationsis，buttheresultsopenupaninterestingdirectionforresearch，”saidProf.AnthonySwerdlow，fromtheInstituteofCancerResearch.“Onepossibleexplanationisthatthelightisinterruptingthebodyclock，whichstemsfromourevolutionarypast（进化历程）.Wewereactivewhenitwaslightinthedayandrestfulwhenitwasdarkatnight.”

Otherresearchhasfoundtheeffectofnighttimelightingonthebodymaycontributetounhappyfeelings.Butit’stooearlytosuggestthatsleepinginthedarkwillhelppreventobesity，aknownriskfactorforbreastcancer.ThefindingsarereportedintheAmericanJournalofEpidemiology.

Previousresearchhasdrawnsimilarconclusion.AteamatOhioStateUniversityexaminedhownighttimelightaffectsweight，bodyfatandglucoseintolerance（葡萄糖过敏）inmice.Theyfoundthatcontinuingexposuretoevenalittlenighttimelightcausedincreasesinallthreeaspects.

Lightchangesmood，physicalstrengthandeventhewayweprocessfoodina24hourcycle.Artificiallightisknowntointerruptthebodyclockbydelayingtheproductionofthesleephormonemelatonin（睡眠荷尔蒙褪黑激素）.Sothereisnoharmintryingtomakebedroomsdarker.

语篇解读　文章主要介绍了夜间人造光线可能会给人们的身体带来较多的负面影响，比如肥胖、乳腺癌等。

25.Whatdoestheunderlinedpart“pilingonthepounds”inthefirstparagraphmean?

A.Puttingpoundsintoapile.

B.Fillinginwithpounds.

C.Makingalotofmoney.

D.Gainingbodyweight.

答案　D

解析　词义猜测题。

根据文章第一段第一句“...theycouldalsomakeyoufat.”可知，简易的窗帘可能会使你变胖，第二句承接本句，由此可猜测，pilingonthepounds与“变胖”意思相近。

故选D项。

26.Fromthepassage，weknowthat__________.

A.sleepinginthedarkmusthelppreventobesity

B.lightingatnightmakespeoplehappy

C.nighttimelightmayaffecthumanbeingsandmice

D.itiseasyforwomentobecomefatandhavecancer

答案　C

解析　细节理解题。

根据第一段及第五段中的“...hownighttimelightaffectsweight，bodyfatandglucoseintolerance（葡萄糖过敏）inmice.Theyfoundthatcontinuingexposuretoevenalittlenighttimelightcausedincreasesinallthreeaspects.”可知，老鼠和人类的睡眠都可能受到夜间光线的影响。

A项中的must表达太绝对；根据