新课标高考届高三英语总复习 课时作业18 含答案.docx
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新课标高考届高三英语总复习课时作业18含答案
课时作业18
Ⅰ.阅读理解
(2017·成都外国语学校高三模拟)
SomethingthathasalwaysinterestedmeaboutAbrahamLincolnis,notsurprisingly,hissenseofhumor.AsfarasIcantell,he'sthefirstAmericanPresidenttohaveone.
That'sbecausetheterm“senseofhumor”reallywasn'tincommonusageuntiltheeighteensixtiesandseventies.Intheeighteenfortiesandfifties,itwascalled“thesenseoftheridiculous”,anddidn'thavethepositiveconnotations(隐含意义)that“senseofhumor”hastoday.Backthen,whatwasridiculouswaswhatinvitedridicule(讥笑).Funninessandcrueltywenthandinhand.Ofcourse,theystilldoalotofarminarmwalkinginourdayaswell.
Lincoln'shumorwasverydifferent,because,foronething,itwasactually“humor”aswhatthewordmeantinhistime.Wedon'tmakethedistinctionbetween“wit(风趣)”and“humor”anymore;butinthenineteenthcenturypeopledid.Witwasunpleasantandoffensivewhilehumorwaspleasantandsympathetic.It'sthedifferencewenotenowwhenwedistinguishbetween“laughingwith”and“laughingat”.Lincolnwasmuchmoreabout“laughingwith”than“laughingat”.Andwhen“laughingat”,itwasoftenhimselfhewasteasing.
InthefamousLincolnDouglasdebates,whenDouglasaccusedLincolnofbeingtwofaced,Lincolnreplied,referencinghisplainlooking,“Honestly,ifIweretwofaced,wouldIbeshowingyouthis_one?
”And,inaway,Lincoln'sfaceitselftellsusmuchabouthissenseofhumor.
Youcancombthroughthousandsofphotographsofpoliticians,soldiers,andthelikefromLincoln'stimeandnotfindasinglesmile.
True,thelongexposures(曝光)requiredforphotographsofthattimemadesmilingdifficult.YetLincolnalone,asfarasIcantell,overcamethatdifficulty.
Interestingly,whilehavingasenseofhumor,oratleasttheappearanceofoneprovidedbycomedywritershasbecomeanecessarycharacteristicforanAmericanPresidentinourtime,inthenineteenthcentury,toomuchhumorwasconsideredproblem.AndthatwasthecaseforLincoln.AjournalistcoveringtheLincolnDouglasdebatescommentedthat“Icouldnottakearealpersonallikingtotheman,owingtoaninbornweakness...thathewasextremelyfondofjokes,anecdotesandstories.”
1.WecaninferfromParagraph2that________.
A.theAmericanPresidentcouldinfluencetheuseofEnglish
B.theterm“senseofhumor”wasn'tinventeduntilthe1860s
C.whatisfunnytosomeonemightbeoffensivetosomeoneelse
D.theconceptofhumorremainsthesamedespitethepassingoftime
2.Theunderlinedwords“thisone”inParagraph4referto“________”.
A.Lincoln'sunattractiveface
B.Lincoln'ssenseofhumor
C.thedebatetheywerehaving
D.crueltythatwentwithfunniness
3.WerarelyseepeoplefromLincoln'stimewearsmileintheirphotosbecause________.
A.beinghumorouswasconsideredinappropriate
B.theyfounditquitefunnytosmilebeforecamera
C.notsmilingforphotographswasthefashion
D.photographytechnologythenwasnotadvanced
4.WhatmightthewriterthinkofthejournalistcoveringtheLincolnDouglasdebates?
A.Hiscommentaccuratelyreflectedhistime.
B.HecreatedafalsepictureofLincoln.
C.Hewasprejudicedandselfcentered.
D.HewasbravetopointoutLincoln'sweakness.
答案与解析
本文主要介绍了林肯的幽默.
1.C 段落大意题.根据第二段可推知,幽默对一些人来说是幽默,而对另外一些人来说可能就是冒犯.
2.A 词义猜测题.根据第四段画线部分所在句和后面的“And,inaway,Lincoln'sfaceitselftellsusmuchabouthissenseofhumor.”可知,画线词指的是林肯那张不吸引人的脸.故选A项.
3.D 细节理解题.根据第六段中的“True,thelongexposures(曝光)requiredforphotographsofthattimemadesmilingdifficult.”可知,是因为拍照技术不先进.故选D项.
4.A 推理判断题.根据文章最后一段首句中的“inthenineteenthcentury,toomuchhumorwasconsideredaproblem”可知,下面的例子是为了证明作者的这个观点,即那个记者的评论具有时代性.
Ⅱ.七选五
(2017·安徽省马鞍山市第二中学模拟)
TOP4WAYSTOIMPROVEYOURBRAINFITNESS
Brainfitnesshasbasicprinciples:
varietyandcuriosity.Whenanythingyoudobecomessecondnature,youneedtomakeachange.Ifyoucandothecrosswordpuzzleinyoursleep,it'stimeforyoutomoveontoanewchallengeinordertogetthebestworkoutforyourbrain.Curiosityabouttheworldaroundyou,howitworksandhowyoucanunderstanditwillkeepyourbrainworkingfastandefficiently.__1__
Playgames
Brainfitnessprogramsandgamesareawonderfulwaytoteaseandchallengeyourbrain.Suduko,crosswordsandelectronicgamescanallimproveyourbrain'sspeedandmemory.Thesegamesrelyonlogic,wordskills,mathandmore.__2__You'llgetbenefitmorebydoingthesegamesalittlebiteveryday—spend15minutesorso,nothours.
Thinkdeeply
Thinkingdeeplyisperhapsthesinglegreatestthingyoucandoforyourmindorbodyhealth.__3__Bycreatingadifferentmentalstate,youengageyourbraininnewandinterestingwayswhileincreasingyourbrainfitness.
Eatforyourbrain
Yourbrainneedsyoutoeathealthyfats.Focusonfishoilsfromwildsalmon,nutssuchaswalnuts,seedssuchasflaxseedandoliveoil.__4__Removetransfats(反式脂肪)completelyfromyourdiet.
__5__
Storiesareawaythatwesolidifymemories,interpreteventsandsharemoments.Practicetellingyourstories,bothnewandold,sothattheyareinteresting,attractiveandfun.Somebasicstorytellingtechniqueswillgoalongwayinkeepingpeople'sinterestbothinyouandinwhatyouhavetosay.
A.Thesegamesarealsofun.
B.Learnsomethingfromastory.
C.Eatmoreofthesefoodsandlessfats.
D.Eatasmuchasyoucan.
E.Tellgoodstories.
F.Usetheideasbelowtohelpobtainyourseekformentalfitness.
G.Itnotonlyrelaxesyou,butgivesyourbrainaworkout.
答案与解析
文章介绍四种锻炼方法让你的大脑更健康.
1.F 根据上文的句子“it'stimeforyoutomoveontoanewchallengeinordertogetthebestworkoutforyourbrain.”可知下文介绍一些帮助训练脑部的方法.故选F.
2.A 根据上文的句子“Thesegamesrelyonlogic,wordskills,mathandmore.”介绍这些游戏的好处,可知,下面进一步说明这些游戏也是有趣的.故选A.
3.G 根据上文的句子“Thinkingdeeplyisperhapsthesinglegreatestthingyoucandoforyourmindorbodyhealth.”可知这是介绍深层思考的好处,接下来是:
这不仅让你放松,也让你的大脑锻炼.故选G.
4.C 根据上文的句子“Focusonfishoilsfromwildsalmon,nutssuchaswalnuts,seedssuchasflaxseedandoliveoil.”介绍一些健康食品,可知这里是,多吃这些食物,少一些脂肪.故选C.
5.E 根据下文的句子“Storiesareawaythatwesolidifymemories,interpreteventsandsharemoments.”可知这段主要介绍讲故事,说明小标题是:
讲好的故事.故选E.
Ⅲ.语法填空
(2016·四川高考)
Thegiantpanda__1__(love)bypeoplethroughouttheworld.Chinesescientists__2__(recent)hadachancetostudyawildfemalepandawithanewbornbaby.Shewasavery__3__(care)mother.For25days,sheneverleftherbaby,noteventofindsomething__4__(eat)!
Shewouldnotletanyotherpandascomenear.Shelickedthebabyconstantlytokeepitclean.Anysmellmightattractnatural__5__(enemy)thatwouldtrytoeatthelittlepanda.Themotherheldthebabyinherfrontpawsmuchthewayahumandoes.__6__itcried,sherockeditbackandforthandgaveitlittlecomfortingpats.Themothercontinuedtocarefortheyoungpanda__7__morethantwoyears.Bythattime,thepandanolongerneeded__8__(it)motherforfood.However,itstayedwithherandlearnedaboutthewaysoftheforest.Then,aftertwoandahalfyears,themother__9__(drive)theyoungpandaaway.Itwastimeforhertohaveanewbaby,__10__itwasalsotimefortheyoungpandatobeindependent.
答案与解析
本文是一篇记叙文,主要讲述了一只熊猫妈妈对熊猫宝宝的体贴和关爱.
1.isloved 考查动词的时态、语态和主谓一致.此处陈述客观事实,所以用一般现在时;主语“Thegiantpanda”和动词love之间是被动关系,故用被动语态;且主语“Thegiantpanda”是单数形式.故填isloved.
2.recently 考查词性转换.分析句子结构可知,空格处在句中作时间状语,故用recent的副词形式.故填recently.
3.caring/careful 考查词性转换.根据空格后的名词“mother”可知,此处应用形容词作定语;既可意为“关心的,有同情心的”,用caring;也可意为“细心的”,用careful.故填caring/careful.
4.toeat 考查非谓语动词.空格处修饰不定代词something,所以用不定式作后置定语,意为“吃的东西”.故填toeat.
5.enemies 考查名词复数.此处指熊猫的天敌,因为它的天敌不止一种,所以用enemy的复数形式.故填enemies.
6.When/If 考查连词.根据语境可知,此处指当熊猫宝宝哭叫时,熊猫妈妈就会安抚它,用连词when;也可看作条件状语从句,意为“如果小熊猫哭叫”,此时用连词if.故填When/If.注意首字母大写.
7.for 考查介词.“介词for+时间段”表示持续一段时间.故填for.
8.its 考查代词.修饰名词“mother”应用形容词性物主代词.故填its.
9.drove 考查动词的时态.根据上下文可知,文中叙述熊猫妈妈对熊猫宝宝的关爱时都是用一般过去时,故此处也用一般过去时.故填drove.
10.and 考查连词.根据语境可知,此处指是熊猫妈妈该生育新的熊猫宝宝的时候了,同时也是熊猫宝宝该独立的时候了.此处是并列分句,故用连词and表示顺承和并列关系.故填and.
Ⅳ.短文改错
(2017·海南省琼海市嘉积中学月考)
Asweknow,CharlieChaplinbrightenedthelivesofAmericansandBritishduringtheperiodofsilentfilms.UptonownobodyhadbeenabletodothiswellthanCharlieChaplin.Hemadepeoplelaughatatimewhentheyfeltdepressed,sotheycouldfeelmorecontentintheirlives.Hischarmingcharacter,thelittletramp,waswellknownallovertheworld.Itwasapoorandhomelesspersonwearinglargetrousers,wornoutshoesandasmallroundblackhat,andcarriedawalkingstick.Thischaracterwassocialfailureandhewaslovedforhisoptimismanddeterminationtoovercomealldifficulties.InthefamousfilmTheGoldRush,Chaplinmanagedtomakethesituationentertained.CharlieChaplinwrote,directedandproducedthefilmshestarredinthem.Heislovedandrememberedasagreatactorwhichcouldinspirepeoplewithgreatconfident.
答案
Asweknow,CharlieChaplinbrightenedthelivesofAmericansandBritishduringtheperiodofsilentfilms.Uptonownobody
beenabletodothis
thanCharlieChaplin.Hemadepeoplelaughatatimewhentheyfeltdepressed,sotheycouldfeelmorecontent
theirlives.Hischarmingcharacter,thelittletramp,waswellknownallovertheworld.Itwasapoorandhomelesspersonwearinglargetrousers,wornoutshoesandasmallroundblackhat,and
awalkingstick.Thischaracterwas
socialfailure
hewaslovedforhisoptimismanddeterminationtoovercomealldifficulties.InthefamousfilmTheGoldRush,Chaplinmanagedtomakethesituation
.CharlieChaplinwrote,directedandproducedthefilmshestarredin
.Heislovedandrememberedasagreatactor
couldinspirepeoplewithgreat
.
Ⅴ.书面表达
(2017·湖南省衡阳市第八中学月考)
假定你是李华,上周日是你的外国朋友Anne的生日.你本来答应参加她的生日聚会,但是你当时正忙于准备月考,不小心忘了赴约.请写