研一英语答案.docx
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研一英语答案
lesson1:
II.Vocabulary
A.Choosethebestwordfromthefourchoicestopleteeachofthefollowingsentences.
1.Therehasbeenmuchoppositionfromsomesocialgroups,______fromthefarmingmunity.
A.straightforwardlyB.notablyC.virtuallyD.exceptionally
2.The______viewinBritainandotherWesterncountriesassociatesagingwithdecline,dependency,isolation,andoftenpoverty(property).
A.predominantB.credulousC.inclusiveD.sustainable
3.Butgiftssuchasthesecannotbeawardedtoeverybody,eitherbyjudgesorbythemost___ofgovernments.
A.toughB.demandingC.diverseD.benign
4.Theforemanreadthe______ofguiltyfourteentimes,oneforeachdefendant.
A.prejudiceB.verificationC.verdictD.punishment
5.Theyfearitcouldhavea(n)______effectonglobalfinancialmarkets.
A.sizeableB.adverseC.beneficialD.consequential
6.TheUNthreatenedto______economicsanctionsifthetalkswerebrokenoff.
A.engageB.pursueC.abandonD.invoke
7.Thereareatleastfourcrucialdifferencesbetweenthenew______andtheoldgovernment.
A.regimeB.hegemonyC.plexD.federation
8.Thesequestions______achallengetoestablishedattitudeofsuperioritytowardtheoutsideworld.
A.evolveB.constituteC.tolerateD.aroused
9.Becauseofthis,astrongadministrative______wasneededtoplantheuseofscarceresources,organizeproductionandregulatedistribution.
A.apparatusB.constitutionC.insistenceD.promotion
10.Ilearntthattherearenogenuinely______animalsinthisarea,alltheanimalswerebroughtherefromotherplaces.
A.endangeredB.domesticatedC.indigenousD.extinct
B.ChoosethehestwordorexpressionfromthelistgivenforeachHonkUseeachwordorexpressiononlyonceandmakeproperchangeswherenecessary.
pointupbyandlargetakeindescentforgoodorill
leaveasidecrystalcleardieoutendangerlay..atthedoorof
1.Thebookconcludeswithareviewofthepossibleimpactofmoreintimateputersforgoodorill,invariousareasofhumanlife.
2.Moreover,ithadbeeclearfromtheopinionpollsthattheunpopularityofthenewtaxwasbeinglaidatthedoorofthegovernmentwhichhadintroducedit,ratherthanthelocalauthoritieswhowereresponsibleforlevyingandcollectingit.
3.Thiscasegavetheexampleofbreakingsomeone'sarm:
thatisareallyseriousinjury,butonewhichisunlikelytoendangerthevictim'slife.
4.ManyofthosewhoholditliveinpoorareasandsomeareColored,thatis(=i.e./namely),ofmixedEuropeanandAfricandescent.
5.Thisdebateisimportantbecauseitpointsupthat"thefacts"arenotnecessarilyassimpleandstraightforwardastheymightatfirstsightseem.
6.Inthebeginning,themeaningoflifemightbedebated,butoncepastthefirstperiod,manyoftheconversationsfollowawell-wornroutefromonetopictothenextandbackagain,takinginmostofhumanlife.
7.Butsinceagricultureformsthebasisofourindustry,itwas,byandlarge,alsoanintensificationofthecrisisinthenationaleconomyingeneral.
8.Letusleaveasideotherrelevantfactorssucheducation,careerstructure,payandconditionsofserviseandconcentrateonmanpowermanagement.
9.Itistruethattheexactnatureofthisissueisuncertain.However,onethingiscrystalclear:
itwillnotendangertheplanetanditsinhabitants.
10.Butifanimalpopulationsaretoosmall,thentheysimplydieout.
II.Translation
1.ForEnglishisakiller.ItisEnglishthathaskilledoffCumbric,Cornish,NornandManx.TherearestillpartsoftheseislandswheresizeablemunitiesspeaklanguagesthatweretherebeforeEnglish.YetEnglishiseverywhereineverydayuseandunderstoodbyallorvirtuallyall,constitutingsuchathreattothethreeremainingCelticlanguages,Irish,ScottishGaelic,andWelsh...thattheirlong-termfuturemustbeconsidered...verygreatlyatrisk.
因为英语是个杀手。
正是英语造成了康瑞克、康尼施、诺恩、曼科斯等语言的消亡。
在其中一部分岛上还有相当多的人使用在英语到来之前就已存在的语言。
然而,英语在日常生活中无处不在。
所有的人或几乎所有的人都懂英语。
英语对现存的凯尔特语——爱尔兰语、苏格兰盖尔语及威尔士语的威胁是如此之大,它们的未来岌岌可危。
2.Healsoassociatedsuchpolicieswithaprejudicewhichhecallslinguisticism(aconditionparalleltoracismandsexism).AsPhillipsonseesit,leadinginstitutionsandindividualswithinthepredominantly"white"English-speakingworld,have(bydesignordefault)encouragedoratleasttolerated—andcertainlyhavenotopposed—thehegemonicspreadofEnglish,aspreadwhichbegansomethreecenturiesagoaseconomicandcolonialexpansion.
同时,他认为这些政策和他称之为语言歧视(和种族歧视、性别歧视的情况类似)的偏见密切相关。
在菲利普森看来,在以白人英语为主导的世界,最重要的机构和个人(有意或无意地)鼓励或者至少是容忍了(肯定没有反对)英语霸权主义式的传播。
这种传播始于三个世纪之前的经济及殖民扩张。
3.Byandlarge,wenowviewthemasmoreorlessbenign,andoftentalkwithadmirationandappreciationabouttheculturesassociatedwiththemandwhattheyhavegiventotheworld.Anditisfairlysafetodot