分词的用法.docx

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分词的用法.docx

分词的用法

分词的用法

一、现在分词作状语的用法

1、用法特点:

现在分词或现在分词短语作状语表示时间、原因、条件、让步、结果、方式或伴随情况等。

例如:

1)Havingfinisheddoinghishomework,thestudentwentoutforplayingfootball.(时间)

那学生做完作业后,出去踢足球了。

2)BeingaLeaguemember,hetakestheleadateveryturn.(原因)

他作为一个团员,事事处处起模范带头作用。

3)Havinganytime,Iwilljoinyouinyourgames.(条件)

如果我有时间,我会加入你们的比赛。

4)Beinganoldman,heworkshardlikeayoungpeople.(让步)

虽然他老了,但是他干起活来像年轻人一样。

5)Herparentspassedawayoneafteranother,leavingherlotsofmoney.(结果)

她父母相继去世,结果给她留下一大笔钱。

6)Childrenlefttheclassroom,talkingandlaughing.(方式或伴随)

孩子们又说又笑离开了教室。

2、语法关系:

当现在分词作时间、原因、条件或让步状语时,如果前后主语一致,那么可以换成相应的时间状语从句、原因状语从句、条件状语从句或让步状语从句。

例如:

1)Listeningtotheradio,theoldmanwentoutforawalk.(时间)

=Whilehewaslisteningtoradio,theoldwentforawalk.

那老人一边听收音机,一边散步。

2)Beingaclasscadre,WangJunsetsagoodexampletohisclassmates.(原因)

=Asheisaclasscadre,WangJunsetsagoodexampletohisclassmates.

王俊作为一个班干部,为班上的同学树立好榜样。

3)Notlisteningtous,youwillfeelregretfuloneday.(条件)

=Ifyoudon’tlistentous,youwillfeelregretfuloneday.

如果你不听我们的,有朝一日又会感到后悔的。

4)Beinginpoorcondition,Iraqcangethelpfrommanyothercountries.(让步)

Althoughitisinpoorcondition,Iraqcangethelpfrommanyothercountries.

虽然伊拉克情况不妙,但是它能得到许多其他国家的帮组。

二、巩固提高

I.Transformthefollowingsentencesaccordingtotherequirementsinthebracket.

1.Playingoutdoors,youmustbecarefulforyoursafety.(改为时间状语从句)

__________________________________________________________________

2.Thoughwehavelittletime,wemightaswellfinishourtask.(改为分词短语作状语)

__________________________________________________________________

3.Theygaveuslotsofhelp,makingusfinishourtaskverysoon.(改为并列句)

__________________________________________________________________

4.BeingaPartymember,heoftentakesthelead.(改为原因状语从句)

__________________________________________________________________

5.IfIamingoodhealth,Iwillworktomorethansixtyyearsold.(改为分词短语作状语)

__________________________________________________________________

II.Completethesentences,usingthepresentparticiple.

.1.Thefewcustomerswalkedintothesupermarket,_____________.(笑着)

2.________________________(如果买到了那本书),he’lllendittoyou.

3.________________________(因为有丰富的经验),shecandoitwellbyherself.

4.________________________(吃饭时),don’ttalkmouthtomouth.

5.________________________(虽然个子不高),thechildplaysbasketballwonderfully.

III.Choosethebestanswer.

()1.     ___ thehouseonfire,hedialed119. 

A.Tosee   B.Seeing   C.Havingseen   D.Beingseen

()2.      __ asatisfactoryoperation,thedoctorbelievedthepatientwouldrecoverfromhisillnessverysoon.       

A.Havingbeengiven B.Havinggiven C.Giving      D.Beinggiven

()3.WhenIgotintomyroom,Iheardher__________inthenextroom.    

A.singing           B.sang C.sing                   D.tosing

()4.ThevisitingMinisterexpressedhissatisfactionwiththetalks,__        thathehadenjoyedhisstayhere.  

A.havingadded  B.toadd               C.adding               D.added

()5.Chinaisoneofthelargestcountriesintheworld,______9.6millionsquare(平方)kilometers.    

A.tocover        B.covered             C.covers              D.covering

()6.      _ manytimes,hestillcouldn’tunderstand.

A.Havingbeentold      B.Havingtold C.Hehavingbeentold D.telling

()7.   __differentkindsofpianos,theworkersfartherimprovedtheirquality.

A.Toproduce      B.Beingproduced C.Produced     D.Havingproduced

()8.Hewentfromdoortodoor,       __ wastepapersandmagazines.

A.gathering      B.gathered             C.gather             D.beinggathered

()9.      __ howtodothehomework,Iwenttoaskmyteacherforhelp.    

A.Nottoknow   B.Notknowing  C.Knowingnot   D.Notknown

()10.         withthesizeofthewholeearth,thehighestmountaindoesnotseemhighatall.A.Comparing           B.Tocompare  C.Compared      D.Havingcompared

三、真题零距离

()1.thecitycentre,wesawastonestatueofabout10metersinheight.

(2010·上海)

A.ApproachingB.ApproachedC.ToapproachD.Tobeapproached

()2.Asmallplanecrashedintoahillsidefivemileseastofthecity,_____allfourpeopleonboard.(2009·上海)

A.killedB.killingC.killsD.tokill

()3.Davidthreatened______hisneighbortothepoliceifthedamageswerenotpaid.

(2009·上海)

A.tobereportedB.reportingC.toreportD.havingreported

二、现在分词作定语的用法

1、用法特点:

现在分词作定语常表动作正在发生或性质特征。

单个的现在分词作定语一般放在被修饰词之前(偶尔放在其后),现在分词短语作定语须放在被修饰的词之后。

例如:

1)Thesleepingbabyisonlyfivemonthsold.(表正在发生)

在睡觉的那个婴儿只有五个月大。

2)ProfessorWang’sinspiringlectureattractedmanystudents.(表性质特征)

王教授的具有感召力的演讲吸引了不少学生。

3)ThestudentlisteningtoMP3overthereisanewcomer.(表正在发生)

在那边听MP3的那位同学是一位新来的。

4)Theboymakingafaceattheteacher’sdeskisanaughtykid.(表正在发生)

在讲台旁做鬼脸的那个男孩是个顽皮的家伙。

5)I’mverysorryIhavelosttheinterestingnovel.(表性质特征)

非常对不起,我已经把那本有趣味的小说丢了。

2、语法关系:

A.某些作定语用的单个现在分词现已趋向于形容词化,请同学们务必记住。

例如:

interesting,disappointing,amazing,inspiring,exciting,boring,pleasing,surprising,amusing,remaining,frightening,astonishing,tiring,movingetc.

B.现在分词作定语常可转化为定语从句。

例如:

1)IwatchedanexcitingfootballgameonTVyesterday.

=IwatchedafootballgamewhichisexcitingonTVyesterday.

昨天我在电视上观看了一场令人兴奋的足球赛。

2)ThegirlperforminganexperimentisfromPudong,Shanghai.

=ThegirlwhoisperforminganexperimentisfromPudong,Shanghai.

3)Theteacherattendingclassinourclassroomisateachingresearcher.

=Theteacherwhoisattendingclassinourclassroomisateachingresearcher.

在我们教室听课的那位老师是一位为教研员。

C.当定语从句换成现在分词作定语时,一定要注意从句与被修饰的词在逻辑主语上保持一致。

例如:

1)Myfathertoldmeastorythatisamusinglastnight.

=Myfathertoldmeanamusingstorylastnight.

昨晚我爸爸给我讲了一个令人发笑的故事。

2)ThesingerwhoissingingonthestageisjustLiuHuan.

=ThesingersingingonthestageisjustLiuHuan.

在台上唱歌的那位歌手正是刘欢。

二、巩固提高

I.Transformthefollowingsentencesaccordingtotherequirementsinthebracket.

1.Thegirlismysister.Sheisdancingonthesportsground.(合并为现在分词作定语)

______________________________________________________________________.

2.Thestrangersmokingintheshopisathief.(将划线部分改为定语从句)

______________________________________________________________________.

3.Thereisatalltreewhichcoverstheentrancetothecave.(将划线部分改为分词)

_______________________________________________________________________.

4.Thefunny-lookingmonkeyiswavingtoyou.(将划线部分改为定语从句)

_______________________________________________________________________.

5.Thewaterismuchtoodirtytodrink.Itisrunning.(合并为现在分词作定语)

_______________________________________________________________________.

II.Completethesentences,usingthepresentparticiple.

1.The_________________(令人失望的)boystudentisalwayslateforclass.

2.Theprofessor___________________________________(正在大厅作报告的)comesfromBeijingUniversity.

3.Thedoctor__________________________________(在给你妈妈动手术的)ismorethansixtyyearsold.

4.Theladysaidshewouldbuyagiftforherdaughterwiththe__________(剩余的)20doctors.

5.Japan,_______________________________(属于发达国家),liestotheeastofChina.

III.Choosethebestanswer.

()1.Herearesomenewcomputerprograms_________forhomebuildings.

A.designing  B.designC.designed  D.todesign

()2.The     pricewillsaveyouonedollarforeachdozen.

 A.reduce   B.reducing   C.reduced   D.reduces

()3.Thewallet  severaldaysagowasfound   inthedustbinoutsidethebuilding. 

 A.stolen,hidden B.stealing,hiding C.stealing,hidden D.stolen,hiding

()4.Aperson  __ aforeignlanguagemustbeabletousetheforeignlanguage___allabouthisown. 

 A.tolearn,toforgetB.learning,toforget C.tolearn,forgettingD.learning,forgetting

()5.Thestudentsintheuniversityarealltakingcourses    adegree.  

 A.comingto  B.goingto  C.leadingto    D.turningto

()6.Manythings     impossibleinthepastareverycommontoday.

 A.consider B.considering C.considered D.beconsidered

()7 What’sthelanguage      inGermany?

A.speaking          B.spoken          C.bespoken        D.tospeak

()8.Theyfounda     oldwoman      onthegroundwhenthedoorwasbrokendown.

A.dying,lying       B.dead,lied       C.death,laying      D.died,lain

()9.Ona       morningthelittlegirlwasfound          atthecornerofthestreet.

A.freezing…freezing   B.freezing…frozen C.frozen…frozen   D.frozen…freezing

()10.---I’dliketobuyanexpensivecamera.

      ---Well,wehaveseveralmodels_______   .

A.tochoosefrom B.tochoose        C.tobechosen     D.forchoice

三、真题零距离

()1.Thedisc,digitally________inthestudio,soundedfantasticatthepartythatnight.(2004·上海)

A.recordedB.recordingC.toberecordedD.havingrecorded

()2.I’mgoingtothesupermarketthisafternoon.Doyouhaveanything________?

(20004·上海春)

A.tobebuyingB.tobuyC.forbuyingD.bought

()3.Theprizeofthegameshowis$30,000andanallexpenses_________vacationtoChina.(2005·北京)

A.payingB.paidC.tobepaidD.beingpaid

三、现在分词作表语和宾语补足语的用法

1、用法特点:

1)现在分词作表语,常表示主语的性质特征,其功能相当于形容词作表语的用法,可用程度副词加以修饰。

例如:

(1)ThebasketballmatchIwatchedonTVlastnightisexciting.

昨晚我在电视上看的那场篮球赛令人激动。

(2)Lastweekmyeldersisterboughtabookwhichisveryamusing.

上周,我姐姐买了一本非常有趣味的书。

2)现在分词作宾语补足语,常表该句子的宾语正在发生的动作或其性质特征,涉及的动词主要有hear,feel,see

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