软件项目管理作业答案.docx

软件项目管理作业答案.docx

《软件项目管理作业答案.docx》由会员分享，可在线阅读，更多相关《软件项目管理作业答案.docx（34页珍藏版）》请在冰豆网上搜索。

软件项目管理作业答案

1、Identifythemaintypesofpersonnelemployedinaninformationsystemsdepartment.

（1）Requirementselicitationandanalysis

Thismightinvolve:

businessanalysts,systemsanalysts,salesmanagers,pre-salessupport,salesengineersdependingontheenvironmentandtheparticularcircumstancesoftheproject（e.g.isitbeingdevelopedforaninternalorexternalclient?

）.

TheISO12207suggeststhat‘humanfactorsengineeringspecifications’wouldbeproducedatthisstagewhichimpliesthepossibledeploymentofhuman-computerinterfacespecialists

Otherspecialistsmightbeinvolvedtodealwithother,technicalareas,forexamplesecurity.

Note,also,thatyouwouldhavetohavesomeuserand/orclientrepresentativesavailabletoprovidedetailsoftheirneeds.

（2）Architecturaldesign

Systemarchitect–manyorganizationsnowhaveasinglepersonorgroupthatisresponsibleforensuringnewsystemcomponentsaredesignedaccordingtoorganizationalstandard

Softwaredesigners

（3）Detaileddesign

Softwaredesigners,softwaredevelopers

（4）Code/test

Softwaredesigners,softwaredevelopers

（5）Integration

Softwaredesigners,softwaredevelopers（todealwithproblems）hardwaredesigners,testers

（6）Qualificationtesting

Systemtesters,end-users,softwaredesignersanddevelopers（toresolveproblemsandissues）

（7）Installation

Businessanalysts,technicalsupport,trainers,localusermanagement

2、Asoftwarehousehasdevelopedacustomisedorderprocessingsystemforaclient.Youareanemployeeofthesoftwarehousethathasbeenaskedtoorganizeatrainingcoursefortheend-usersofthesystem.Atpresent,auserhandbookhasbeenproduced,butnospecifictrainingmaterial.Aplanisnowneededfortheprojectwhichwillsetupthedeliveryofthetrainingcourses.Theprojectcanbeassumedtohavebeencompletedwhenthefirsttrainingcoursestarts.Amongthethingsthatwillneedtobeconsideredarethefollowing:

●Trainingmaterialswillneedtobedesignedandcreated;

●Atimetablewillneedtobedraftedandagreed;

●Date（s）forthecoursewillneedtobearranged;

●Thepeopleattendingthecoursewillneedtobeidentifiedandnotified;

●Roomsandcomputerfacilitiesforthecoursewillneedtobeprovidedfor.

Questions:

A.Identifythemainstakeholdersforthisproject;

B.Drawupastatementoftheobjectivesforthisproject;

C.Fortheobjectives,identifythemeasuresofeffectiveness;

Mainstakeholders

Thesemightinclude:

•Clientmanagement

•Usermanagement–atalowerlevelthantheabove,theywouldsharethehighermanagementconcerns,butalsohaveoperationalonessuchascoverintheofficewhenstaffattendtrainingcourse.

•Users

•Trainers

•Technicalsupport–setupinatrainingenvironment

•Premisesmanagement（培训场所管理人员）–availabilityofroomsfortraining

•Cateringservices（餐饮服务）–toproviderefreshmentsforcoursedelegates

•Reprographicsservices（复印服务）–toproducecopiesoftrainingmaterialcorrectlyandontime

Objectives

‘Tohaveinplacebydd/mm/yyallthematerialsandarrangementsneededforthedeliveryofthetrainingcoursesrelatingtotheuseroftheaccountingpackageABCatorganizationXYZwithinthebudgetspecified’.

Notethattheactualdeliveryofthematerialandtrainingofstaffisjustoutsidetheboundaryofthe‘project’.

Measuresofeffectiveness

Anobviousoneisthatthetrainingcoursescanactuallygoahead.However,thisisratherlateifthingsaremissing.Analternativewouldbetoproduceachecklistthatcanbeusedondd/mm/yytoensurethatthenecessaryarrangementsareinplace.e.g.

•Roomsandequipmentbooked

•Delegatesnotified

•Trainingmaterialsprepared

横线部分为我加注（第2章）

1.ListtheproductscreatedbytheStepWiseplanningprocess.

Thiscanbeseenasafollow-uptoExercise2.6intext.ThepointersforthisshowhowthestepsintheStepWiseplanningprocesscouldmapontothevarioussectionsofaplanningdocumentwhichcanbeseenasthefinaldeliverableofplanning.Thefurtherexerciseineffectasksthestudentstoidentifyintermediateproductsintheprocess.

Ifinditusefultoencouragestudentstodiscusshowtheyaregoingtodoanexercise–afterallthisisasubjecttodowithplanning.OneapproachwouldbetogothrougheachofthestepsintheStepWiseframework,identifyingtheproductscreated.Youmightendupwithsomethinglikethis.

0.Selectproject:

：

feasibilityreport

1.Identifyprojectscopeandobjectives：

Termsofreference（责权范围）

2.Identifyprojectinfrastructure：

Standards,proceduresrelatingtoprogressreporting,changecontrol,VersionControltool，costevaluationtools，etc

3.Analyseprojectcharacteristics：

Technicalplan,riskregister

4.Identifytheproductsandactivities：

Productbreakdownstructure,productdescriptions,productflowdiagrams,‘ideal’activitynetwork

（Coarseonenotrefinedone）

5.Estimateeffortforeachactivity：

Scheduleoftaskdurationsandcosts

6.Identifyactivityrisks.Updatedscheduleoftaskdurationsandcosts,updatedriskregister

7.Allocateresources：

Ganttchart

8.Review/publicizeplan:

Publicizedplan

9.Lowerlevelplanning:

Detailedplans

2.Whatproductsmustexistbeforetheactivity‘testprogram’cantakeplace?

Whatproductsdoesthisactivitycreate?

Pre-test.Softwarespecification,testingenvironment,testcases（includinginputdetailsandexpectedresults）,softwaretobetested，testplan

.

Post-testActualresults,listofdiscrepancies（不一致性）,errorreports

5.Question4intheFurtherExercisesforChapter1referstoascenariorelatingtoatrainingexercise.Usingthatscenario,drawupaProductBreakdownStructure,aProductFlowDiagramandapreliminaryactivitynetwork.

三、

2.P57

∙Illiness;

∙Othercommitmentsinterferingwithworke.g.familiy,work;

∙Hardwareorsoftwarefacilitiesnotbeingavailablewhenneeded;

∙Ambiguityintheassignmentspeficifcationleadintgtomisunderstandings;

∙Lackofunderstandingofthetechniquestobeused

∙Hostileattitudeamongstakeholders

3.discountedcashflowbetterthannetprofitorreturnoninvestment？

∙DCFtakesmoreaccountofthepossibilitythatinvestmentmightmoreprofitablybeplacedelsewherethantheproposedproject;

∙Projectswherethemajorbenefitsareonlyexperiencedafterseveralyearsarenotfavoured.Thereismoreuncertaintyaboutestimatesofincomeandcostsofthefuturethatyougaze.

∙NPVvaluescanbecalculatedforanumberofdifferentfeasibleinterestrates–differentprojectsmightbefavouredasaresult.

5.DetailsaregivenbelowoftheestimatedincomeandoutgoingsofProjectsA.Calculatethereturnoninvestment,thepaybackperiodandthenetpresentvalueoftheprojectandcommentinwhichappearstobethemostattractive.Assumeadiscountrateof5%

ProjectA

year

income

outgoings

cashflow

discountrate

NPV

accum.cashflow

0

120000

-120000

1

-120000

-120000

1

42000

10000

32000

0.9524

30476.19

-88000

2

47000

10000

37000

0.9070

33560.09

-51000

3

51000

9000

42000

0.8638

36281.18

-9000

4

40000

12000

28000

0.8227

23035.67

19000

19000

ROI

NPV

payback

3.96%

3353.13

4

四、

1.Abuildingsocietyhasalonghistoryofimplementingcomputer-basedinformationsystemstosupporttheworkofitsbranches.Itusesaproprietarystructuredsystemsanalysisanddesignmethod.Ithasbeendecidedtocreateacomputermodelofthepropertymarket.Thiswouldattemptforexampletocalculatetheeffectofchangesofinterestratesonhousevalues.ThereissomeconcernthattheusualmethodologyusedforISdevelopmentwouldnotbeappropriateforthenewproject.

（a）Whymighttherebethisconcernandwhatalternativeapproachesshouldbeconsidered?

（b）Outlineaplanforthedevelopmentofthesystemwhichillustratestheapplicationofyourpreferredmethodologyforthisproject.

a）Withtraditionalbusinesssystemsanalysisthereisusuallyanexistingofficeprocedurethatmanagersarehopingtostreamlineinsomeway.Therearepeoplewhounderstandthedetailsofthejobscurrentlydone.Theycanhelptheanalystdrawuppreciserequirementstobemet.Thereis,inshort,awell-definedclericalequivalentoftheapplicationthatistobebuilt.

Withacomputermodelofthepropertymarketthereisprobablynoequivalentofthiswell-definedclericalmodel.

●Theanalystswillthereforehavetoseekideasabouttheworkingofsuchamodelfromavarietyofsources.Experts,suchasexperiencedestateagents,maybeabletocontributeobservations,butthesearelikelytobefragmentaryrulesofthumb.Theacademicliteratureoneconomicmodelingmightbestudied.

●Intheendtheanalystswillprobablyhavetoresorttobuildingaprototypeofthemodel.Theywillthentrialthistoseeifitbehavesinasimilarwaytothepropertymarket.

●Thereisalwaysthechancethatthepropertymarketbehavesinjusttoocomplexandinconsistentmannerforacomputermodeltomimicaccurately.

Allthissuggeststhatthe‘traditional’ISdevelopmentapproachbasedonawaterfallframeworkwouldbeunsuitable.Amoreiterativeprototypingapproachissensible.

b）Expandingonthediscussionin1（a）,thefollowingisonemethodofworking:

∙Defineobjectives:

whatdoesthemanagementoftheorganizationwantfromthemodel?

∙Surveyexistingsoftwaresolutionsandtheliteratureonthesubject.Hasanyonedonethisalready?

∙Consultexperts.JAD（jointapplicationdevelopment）sessionsarementionedintextasonepossibleapproach.Therearemanyothertechniquestoelicitrelevantknowledgefromdomainexpertswhichshouldbeconsidered.

∙Ba