软件项目管理作业答案.docx
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软件项目管理作业答案
1、Identifythemaintypesofpersonnelemployedinaninformationsystemsdepartment.
(1)Requirementselicitationandanalysis
Thismightinvolve:
businessanalysts,systemsanalysts,salesmanagers,pre-salessupport,salesengineersdependingontheenvironmentandtheparticularcircumstancesoftheproject(e.g.isitbeingdevelopedforaninternalorexternalclient?
).
TheISO12207suggeststhat‘humanfactorsengineeringspecifications’wouldbeproducedatthisstagewhichimpliesthepossibledeploymentofhuman-computerinterfacespecialists
Otherspecialistsmightbeinvolvedtodealwithother,technicalareas,forexamplesecurity.
Note,also,thatyouwouldhavetohavesomeuserand/orclientrepresentativesavailabletoprovidedetailsoftheirneeds.
(2)Architecturaldesign
Systemarchitect–manyorganizationsnowhaveasinglepersonorgroupthatisresponsibleforensuringnewsystemcomponentsaredesignedaccordingtoorganizationalstandard
Softwaredesigners
(3)Detaileddesign
Softwaredesigners,softwaredevelopers
(4)Code/test
Softwaredesigners,softwaredevelopers
(5)Integration
Softwaredesigners,softwaredevelopers(todealwithproblems)hardwaredesigners,testers
(6)Qualificationtesting
Systemtesters,end-users,softwaredesignersanddevelopers(toresolveproblemsandissues)
(7)Installation
Businessanalysts,technicalsupport,trainers,localusermanagement
2、Asoftwarehousehasdevelopedacustomisedorderprocessingsystemforaclient.Youareanemployeeofthesoftwarehousethathasbeenaskedtoorganizeatrainingcoursefortheend-usersofthesystem.Atpresent,auserhandbookhasbeenproduced,butnospecifictrainingmaterial.Aplanisnowneededfortheprojectwhichwillsetupthedeliveryofthetrainingcourses.Theprojectcanbeassumedtohavebeencompletedwhenthefirsttrainingcoursestarts.Amongthethingsthatwillneedtobeconsideredarethefollowing:
●Trainingmaterialswillneedtobedesignedandcreated;
●Atimetablewillneedtobedraftedandagreed;
●Date(s)forthecoursewillneedtobearranged;
●Thepeopleattendingthecoursewillneedtobeidentifiedandnotified;
●Roomsandcomputerfacilitiesforthecoursewillneedtobeprovidedfor.
Questions:
A.Identifythemainstakeholdersforthisproject;
B.Drawupastatementoftheobjectivesforthisproject;
C.Fortheobjectives,identifythemeasuresofeffectiveness;
Mainstakeholders
Thesemightinclude:
•Clientmanagement
•Usermanagement–atalowerlevelthantheabove,theywouldsharethehighermanagementconcerns,butalsohaveoperationalonessuchascoverintheofficewhenstaffattendtrainingcourse.
•Users
•Trainers
•Technicalsupport–setupinatrainingenvironment
•Premisesmanagement(培训场所管理人员)–availabilityofroomsfortraining
•Cateringservices(餐饮服务)–toproviderefreshmentsforcoursedelegates
•Reprographicsservices(复印服务)–toproducecopiesoftrainingmaterialcorrectlyandontime
Objectives
‘Tohaveinplacebydd/mm/yyallthematerialsandarrangementsneededforthedeliveryofthetrainingcoursesrelatingtotheuseroftheaccountingpackageABCatorganizationXYZwithinthebudgetspecified’.
Notethattheactualdeliveryofthematerialandtrainingofstaffisjustoutsidetheboundaryofthe‘project’.
Measuresofeffectiveness
Anobviousoneisthatthetrainingcoursescanactuallygoahead.However,thisisratherlateifthingsaremissing.Analternativewouldbetoproduceachecklistthatcanbeusedondd/mm/yytoensurethatthenecessaryarrangementsareinplace.e.g.
•Roomsandequipmentbooked
•Delegatesnotified
•Trainingmaterialsprepared
横线部分为我加注(第2章)
1.ListtheproductscreatedbytheStepWiseplanningprocess.
Thiscanbeseenasafollow-uptoExercise2.6intext.ThepointersforthisshowhowthestepsintheStepWiseplanningprocesscouldmapontothevarioussectionsofaplanningdocumentwhichcanbeseenasthefinaldeliverableofplanning.Thefurtherexerciseineffectasksthestudentstoidentifyintermediateproductsintheprocess.
Ifinditusefultoencouragestudentstodiscusshowtheyaregoingtodoanexercise–afterallthisisasubjecttodowithplanning.OneapproachwouldbetogothrougheachofthestepsintheStepWiseframework,identifyingtheproductscreated.Youmightendupwithsomethinglikethis.
0.Selectproject:
:
feasibilityreport
1.Identifyprojectscopeandobjectives:
Termsofreference(责权范围)
2.Identifyprojectinfrastructure:
Standards,proceduresrelatingtoprogressreporting,changecontrol,VersionControltool,costevaluationtools,etc
3.Analyseprojectcharacteristics:
Technicalplan,riskregister
4.Identifytheproductsandactivities:
Productbreakdownstructure,productdescriptions,productflowdiagrams,‘ideal’activitynetwork
(Coarseonenotrefinedone)
5.Estimateeffortforeachactivity:
Scheduleoftaskdurationsandcosts
6.Identifyactivityrisks.Updatedscheduleoftaskdurationsandcosts,updatedriskregister
7.Allocateresources:
Ganttchart
8.Review/publicizeplan:
Publicizedplan
9.Lowerlevelplanning:
Detailedplans
2.Whatproductsmustexistbeforetheactivity‘testprogram’cantakeplace?
Whatproductsdoesthisactivitycreate?
Pre-test.Softwarespecification,testingenvironment,testcases(includinginputdetailsandexpectedresults),softwaretobetested,testplan
.
Post-testActualresults,listofdiscrepancies(不一致性),errorreports
5.Question4intheFurtherExercisesforChapter1referstoascenariorelatingtoatrainingexercise.Usingthatscenario,drawupaProductBreakdownStructure,aProductFlowDiagramandapreliminaryactivitynetwork.
三、
2.P57
∙Illiness;
∙Othercommitmentsinterferingwithworke.g.familiy,work;
∙Hardwareorsoftwarefacilitiesnotbeingavailablewhenneeded;
∙Ambiguityintheassignmentspeficifcationleadintgtomisunderstandings;
∙Lackofunderstandingofthetechniquestobeused
∙Hostileattitudeamongstakeholders
3.discountedcashflowbetterthannetprofitorreturnoninvestment?
∙DCFtakesmoreaccountofthepossibilitythatinvestmentmightmoreprofitablybeplacedelsewherethantheproposedproject;
∙Projectswherethemajorbenefitsareonlyexperiencedafterseveralyearsarenotfavoured.Thereismoreuncertaintyaboutestimatesofincomeandcostsofthefuturethatyougaze.
∙NPVvaluescanbecalculatedforanumberofdifferentfeasibleinterestrates–differentprojectsmightbefavouredasaresult.
5.DetailsaregivenbelowoftheestimatedincomeandoutgoingsofProjectsA.Calculatethereturnoninvestment,thepaybackperiodandthenetpresentvalueoftheprojectandcommentinwhichappearstobethemostattractive.Assumeadiscountrateof5%
ProjectA
year
income
outgoings
cashflow
discountrate
NPV
accum.cashflow
0
120000
-120000
1
-120000
-120000
1
42000
10000
32000
0.9524
30476.19
-88000
2
47000
10000
37000
0.9070
33560.09
-51000
3
51000
9000
42000
0.8638
36281.18
-9000
4
40000
12000
28000
0.8227
23035.67
19000
19000
ROI
NPV
payback
3.96%
3353.13
4
四、
1.Abuildingsocietyhasalonghistoryofimplementingcomputer-basedinformationsystemstosupporttheworkofitsbranches.Itusesaproprietarystructuredsystemsanalysisanddesignmethod.Ithasbeendecidedtocreateacomputermodelofthepropertymarket.Thiswouldattemptforexampletocalculatetheeffectofchangesofinterestratesonhousevalues.ThereissomeconcernthattheusualmethodologyusedforISdevelopmentwouldnotbeappropriateforthenewproject.
(a)Whymighttherebethisconcernandwhatalternativeapproachesshouldbeconsidered?
(b)Outlineaplanforthedevelopmentofthesystemwhichillustratestheapplicationofyourpreferredmethodologyforthisproject.
a)Withtraditionalbusinesssystemsanalysisthereisusuallyanexistingofficeprocedurethatmanagersarehopingtostreamlineinsomeway.Therearepeoplewhounderstandthedetailsofthejobscurrentlydone.Theycanhelptheanalystdrawuppreciserequirementstobemet.Thereis,inshort,awell-definedclericalequivalentoftheapplicationthatistobebuilt.
Withacomputermodelofthepropertymarketthereisprobablynoequivalentofthiswell-definedclericalmodel.
●Theanalystswillthereforehavetoseekideasabouttheworkingofsuchamodelfromavarietyofsources.Experts,suchasexperiencedestateagents,maybeabletocontributeobservations,butthesearelikelytobefragmentaryrulesofthumb.Theacademicliteratureoneconomicmodelingmightbestudied.
●Intheendtheanalystswillprobablyhavetoresorttobuildingaprototypeofthemodel.Theywillthentrialthistoseeifitbehavesinasimilarwaytothepropertymarket.
●Thereisalwaysthechancethatthepropertymarketbehavesinjusttoocomplexandinconsistentmannerforacomputermodeltomimicaccurately.
Allthissuggeststhatthe‘traditional’ISdevelopmentapproachbasedonawaterfallframeworkwouldbeunsuitable.Amoreiterativeprototypingapproachissensible.
b)Expandingonthediscussionin1(a),thefollowingisonemethodofworking:
∙Defineobjectives:
whatdoesthemanagementoftheorganizationwantfromthemodel?
∙Surveyexistingsoftwaresolutionsandtheliteratureonthesubject.Hasanyonedonethisalready?
∙Consultexperts.JAD(jointapplicationdevelopment)sessionsarementionedintextasonepossibleapproach.Therearemanyothertechniquestoelicitrelevantknowledgefromdomainexpertswhichshouldbeconsidered.
∙Ba