软件项目管理作业答案.docx

1、软件项目管理作业答案1、Identify the main types of personnel employed in an information systems department. （1）Requirements elicitation and analysis This might involve: business analysts, systems analysts, sales managers, pre-sales support, sales engineers depending on the environment and the particular circums

2、tances of the project (e.g. is it being developed for an internal or external client?). The ISO 12207 suggests that human factors engineering specifications would be produced at this stage which implies the possible deployment of human-computer interface specialists Other specialists might be involv

3、ed to deal with other, technical areas, for example security. Note, also, that you would have to have some user and/or client representatives available to provide details of their needs. （2）Architectural design System architect many organizations now have a single person or group that is responsible

4、 for ensuring new system components are designed according to organizational standard Software designers （3）Detailed design Software designers, software developers （4）Code/test Software designers, software developers （5）Integration Software designers, software developers (to deal with problems) hard

5、ware designers, testers （6）Qualification testing System testers, end-users, software designers and developers (to resolve problems and issues) （7）Installation Business analysts, technical support, trainers, local user management 2、A software house has developed a customised order processing system f

6、or a client. You are an employee of the software house that has been asked to organize a training course for the end-users of the system. At present, a user handbook has been produced, but no specific training material. A plan is now needed for the project which will set up the delivery of the train

7、ing courses. The project can be assumed to have been completed when the first training course starts. Among the things that will need to be considered are the following: Training materials will need to be designed and created; A timetable will need to be drafted and agreed; Date(s) for the course wi

8、ll need to be arranged; The people attending the course will need to be identified and notified; Rooms and computer facilities for the course will need to be provided for. Questions:A. Identify the main stakeholders for this project; B. Draw up a statement of the objectives for this project; C. For

9、the objectives, identify the measures of effectiveness; Main stakeholders These might include: Client management User management at a lower level than the above, they would share the higher management concerns, but also have operational ones such as cover in the office when staff attend training cou

10、rse. Users Trainers Technical support set up in a training environment Premises management (培训场所管理人员) availability of rooms for training Catering services（餐饮服务） to provide refreshments for course delegates Reprographics services （复印服务） to produce copies of training material correctly and on time Obj

11、ectives To have in place by dd/mm/yy all the materials and arrangements needed for the delivery of the training courses relating to the user of the accounting package ABC at organization XYZ within the budget specified. Note that the actual delivery of the material and training of staff is just outs

12、ide the boundary of the project. Measures of effectiveness An obvious one is that the training courses can actually go ahead. However, this is rather late if things are missing. An alternative would be to produce a checklist that can be used on dd/mm/yy to ensure that the necessary arrangements are

13、in place. e.g. Rooms and equipment booked Delegates notified Training materials prepared 横线部分为我加注(第2章) 1. List the products created by the Step Wise planning process.This can be seen as a follow-up to Exercise 2.6 in text. The pointers for this show how the steps in the Step Wise planning process co

14、uld map onto the various sections of a planning document which can be seen as the final deliverable of planning. The further exercise in effect asks the students to identify intermediate products in the process.I find it useful to encourage students to discuss how they are going to do an exercise af

15、ter all this is a subject to do with planning. One approach would be to go through each of the steps in the Step Wise framework, identifying the products created. You might end up with something like this.0. Select project:： feasibility report1. Identify project scope and objectives： Terms of refere

16、nce(责权范围)2. Identify project infrastructure： Standards, procedures relating to progress reporting, change control , Version Control tool ，cost evaluation tools，etc3. Analyse project characteristics ：Technical plan, risk register4. Identify the products and activities： Product breakdown structure, pr

17、oduct descriptions, product flow diagrams, ideal activity network (Coarse one not refined one)5. Estimate effort for each activity： Schedule of task durations and costs6. Identify activity risks. Updated schedule of task durations and costs, updated risk register7. Allocate resources ：Gantt chart8.

18、Review/publicize plan: Publicized plan9. Lower level planning: Detailed plans2. What products must exist before the activity test program can take place? What products does this activity create?Pre-test. Software specification, testing environment, test cases (including input details and expected re

19、sults), software to be tested，test plan.Post-test Actual results, list of discrepancies(不一致性), error reports5. Question 4 in the Further Exercises for Chapter 1 refers to a scenario relating to a training exercise. Using that scenario, draw up a Product Breakdown Structure, a Product Flow Diagram an

20、d a preliminary activity network.三、2. P57Illiness;Other commitments interfering with work e.g. familiy, work;Hardware or software facilities not being available when needed;Ambiguity in the assignment speficifcation leadintg to misunderstandings;Lack of understanding of the techniques to be usedHost

21、ile attitude among stakeholders3. discounted cash flow better than net profit or return on investment？DCF takes more account of the possibility that investment might more profitably be placed elsewhere than the proposed project;Projects where the major benefits are only experienced after several yea

22、rs are not favoured. There is more uncertainty about estimates of income and costs of the future that you gaze.NPV values can be calculated for a number of different feasible interest rates different projects might be favoured as a result.5. Details are given below of the estimated income and outgoi

23、ngs of Projects A. Calculate the return on investment, the payback period and the net present value of the project and comment in which appears to be the most attractive. Assume a discount rate of 5%Project Ayearincomeoutgoingscashflowdiscount rateNPVaccum. cashflow0120000-1200001-120000-12000014200

24、010000320000.952430476.19-8800024700010000370000.907033560.09-510003510009000420000.863836281.18-900044000012000280000.822723035.671900019000ROINPVpayback3.96%3353.134四、1. A building society has a long history of implementing computer-based information systems to support the work of its branches. It

25、 uses a proprietary structured systems analysis and design method. It has been decided to create a computer model of the property market. This would attempt for example to calculate the effect of changes of interest rates on house values. There is some concern that the usual methodology used for IS

26、development would not be appropriate for the new project.(a) Why might there be this concern and what alternative approaches should be considered?(b) Outline a plan for the development of the system which illustrates the application of your preferred methodology for this project.a)With traditional b

27、usiness systems analysis there is usually an existing office procedure that managers are hoping to streamline in some way. There are people who understand the details of the jobs currently done. They can help the analyst draw up precise requirements to be met. There is, in short, a well-defined cler

28、ical equivalent of the application that is to be built.With a computer model of the property market there is probably no equivalent of this well-defined clerical model. The analysts will therefore have to seek ideas about the working of such a model from a variety of sources. Experts, such as experi

29、enced estate agents, may be able to contribute observations, but these are likely to be fragmentary rules of thumb. The academic literature on economic modeling might be studied. In the end the analysts will probably have to resort to building a prototype of the model. They will then trial this to s

30、ee if it behaves in a similar way to the property market. There is always the chance that the property market behaves in just too complex and inconsistent manner for a computer model to mimic accurately.All this suggests that the traditional IS development approach based on a waterfall framework wou

31、ld be unsuitable. A more iterative prototyping approach is sensible.b) Expanding on the discussion in 1(a), the following is one method of working:Define objectives: what does the management of the organization want from the model?Survey existing software solutions and the literature on the subject. Has anyone done this already?Consult experts. JAD (joint application development) sessions are mentioned in text as one possible approach. There are many other techniques to elicit relevant knowledge from domain experts which should be considered.Ba