数词.docx
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数词
第四节数词
【考点透视】
数词是高职英语考试的非重点考项,单独考查数词的可能性较小,但它常与其它语法项目一并考查。
如:
名词,比较级等。
特别注意基数词和名词构成的复合形容词的运用。
【高考真题】
1.—Howfaristhenearestrailwaystation,please?
—Oh,veryfar.It’sabout_______drivefromhere.(GMET2003)
A.twohours’B.twohoursC.twohour’sD.two-hour
选A.时间,距离等构成名词所有格用’s形式,而且以s结尾的复数名词后加“’”.
2.Theteacheraskedthestudentstowrite______bookreport.(GMET2004)
A.afive-hundred-wordsB.afivehundreds-word
C.afive–hundred-wordD.afive-hundreds-words
选C.有连字符连接的复合词作定语均用单数形式.
【复习要点】
表示数量多少或顺序的词叫数词,数词分为基数词和序数词。
表示数量多少的数词叫基数词;表示顺序的数词叫序数词。
一.基数词
最基本的基数词:
0-12
13-19
20-90
百,千,百万,十亿
zero
thirteen
twenty
hundred
one
fourteen
thirty
thousand
two
fifteen
forty
million
three
sixteen
fifty
billion
four
seventeen
sixty
five
eighteen
seventy
six
nineteen
eighty
seven
ninety
eight
nine
ten
eleven
twelve
1.0~12无规律zero,one,two,three,four,five,six,seven,eight,nine,ten,eleven,twelve
2.13~19以teen为结尾thirteen,fourteen,fifteen,sixteen,seventeen,eighteen,nineteen
3.20~90以ty结尾twenty,thirty,forty,fifty,sixty,seventy,eighty,ninety
4.21~99十位与个位之间要加连字符“-”twenty-five,sixty-five,ninety-nine
5.101~999百位与十位之间通常用threehundredandtwenty-five
6.千以上6275—sixthousandtwohundredandseventy-five;1200—twelvehundred
二.序数词
最基本的序数词
第1至第12
第13至第19
第20至第90
1stfirst
13ththirteenth
20thtwentieth
2ndsecond
14thfourteen
21sttwenty-first
3rdthird
15thfifteenth
22ndtwenty-second
4thfourth
16thsixteenth
23rdtwenty-third
5thfifth
17thseventeenth
24thtwenty-fourth
6thsixth
18theighteenth
30ththirtieth
7thseventh
19thnineteenth
40thfortieth
8theighth
50thfiftieth
9thninth
60thsixtieth
10thtenth
70thseventieth
11theleventh
80theightieth
12thtwelfth
90thninetieth
1.注意first,second,third,fifth,eighth,ninth,twelfth的拼写形式以及th的发音[θ].
2.第20至90是将基数词词尾y改为i再加-eth,读[iiθ].
3.hundred,thousand,million的序数词是在词尾加-th,即hundredth,thousandth,millionth.
4.几十几及以上的序数词,只是个位数变为序数词,其余用基数词.如:
第46forty-sxth.
5.序数词与定冠词the连用表示顺序.序数词与不定冠词a连用表示“又…”.
如:
YangLiweiisthefirstChinesetoflyintothesky.杨利伟是中华飞天第一人.
IhavefailedbutIwanttohaveasecondtry.我失败了但我想再试一次.
三.分数、小数、百分数、倍数表达法
1.分数表达法
分子用基数词,分母用序数词。
分子大于1时,分母用复数。
如:
1/3one-third3/5threefifths
注意:
1/2,1/4,3/4可分别表示为:
a(one)half,a(one)quarter,three-quarters.
2.百分数表达法
百分数由基数词加percent或percent构成。
如:
8%读作eightpercent98%读作ninety-eightpercent
百分数或分数限定名词时要与of短语连用。
如:
onethirdofthepeoplethirtypercentofthepeople
3.小数表达法
小数点读作point。
如:
0.6:
zeropointfive16.89:
sixteenpointeightnine
4.倍数表达法
两倍用twice,三倍及以上用基数词加times表示,threetimes,fourtimes…
常用的倍数表达句型
1)…times+as形容词as…
Thisbridgeisthreetimesaslongasthatone.这座桥是那座桥的三倍。
Ihavethreetimesasmanyasyou. 我有你三倍那么多。
2)…times+比较级+than…
Ourclassroomisthreetimesbiggerthantheirs.我们的教室比他们的大三倍。
3)...timesthesize(height,length,weight)of…
Theearthis49timesthesizeofthemoon. 地球是月球的49倍。
4)...timesthatof…(此句型常用于粮食产量、生产指标方面的比较)
Thericeoutputisthreetimesthatoflastyear.今年的水稻产量是去年的两倍。
5)...by+…times增加多少倍
Theproductionofgrainhasbeenincreasedbyfourtimesthisyear.
今年粮食产量增加了4倍。
四.数词的应用
1.表示时间
1)表示世纪、年代
表“世纪”:
the+序数词+century二十一世纪:
thetwenty-firstcentury
表"年代":
in+the+数词复数.inthe1960s/1960’s在二十世纪六十年代
2)表示年、月、日
年份:
1965读作ninetysixty-five2007读作twothousandandseven
月份:
月份为专有名词
一月January(Jan.)二月February(Feb.)March(Mar.)
四月April(Apr.)五月May六月June
七月July八月August(Aug.)九月September(Sept.)
十月October(Oct.)十一月November(Nov.)十二月December(Dec.)
日期:
1949年10月1日写作:
October1(st),1949读作:
Octoberthefirst,nineteenforty-nine或thefirstofOctoberninetyforty-nine.
3)表示时刻
表示“几点钟”用基数词。
Itssixo’clock.Igotoschoolatseven.
②表示“几点过几分”用past.(分钟数≤30)。
如:
8:
15fifteen(aquarter)pasteight.
表示“几点差几分”用to.(分钟数<30).如:
8:
46fourteentonine
简化读法8:
15读作eightfifteen8:
46读作eightforty-six
2.表示年龄
1)Heiseighteen(yearsold).他十八岁。
2)attheageofeighteen.在十八岁的时候。
3)inone’sthirties在某人三十几岁的时候
4)aten-year-oldchild一个十岁的孩子
3.表示编号
1)名词+基数词=序数词+名词
UnitTwo=theSecondUnit第二单元
GradeOne=theFirstGrade一年级
2)用No.+基数词No.读作number
BusNo.12=theNo.12Bus十二路公交车
theNo.106MiddleSchool106中学
3)如果编号的数字比较长,名词+基数词,读法也尽量简化
Room506506房读作roomfiveosix
Page345第345页读作pagethreehundredandfortyfive或pagethreefourfive
Phonenumber25683212电话号码25683212读作twofivesixeightthreetwoonetwo
4.数学运算
加:
2+6=?
Howmuchistwoplus/andsix?
2+6=8Twoplussixiseight.
减:
6-2=?
Howmuchequalssixminustwo?
6-2=4Sixminustwoequalsfour.
乘:
2×6=?
Howmuchistwotimessix?
2×6=12Twotimessixistwelve.
除:
6÷2=?
Howmuchissixdividedbytwo?
6÷2=3Sixdividedby2isthree.
5.数词难点
hundred,thousand,million,billion,dozen(一打,十二),score(二十)等既可以表示确数也可以表示约数,使用时要注意如下两点:
1)表示确数只能用单数形式,一般不与of短语搭配。
twothousandsoldiers,twodozenbooks
但score表确数可与of连用,如:
threescoreofpeople
2)表示约数“许多”用复数形式,且常与of短语连用。
.
thousandsofpeople,millionsofdollars
6.表示数量的词组
twosandthrees三三两两atsixesandsevens乱七八糟
few
afew
anumberof+可数名词
agreatmany
manya
little
alittle
agreatdealof+不可数名词
alargeamountof
much
alotof
lotsof
alargequantityof+可数名词/不可数名词
largequantitiesof
plentyof
【自测题】
1.______peoplediedinWorldWarII.
A.ThousandofB.ThousandC.ThousandsofD.AThousandof
2.Theyreceived______oflettersabouttheirTVprograms.
A.dozenB.dozenanddozenC.scoreD.dozens
3.Youmusthandinyour______reporttomorrow.
A.two-thousand-wordB.two-thousand-words
C.two-thousands-wordD.two-thousandswords
4.Wehaveproduced______thisyearaswedidin1993.
A.asmuchcottontwiceB.astwicemuchcotton
C.muchastwicecottonD.twiceasmuchcotton
5.______,Tomworkedasadoctor.
A.Onthe1960sB.Inthe1960sC.Atthe1960’sD.In1960s’
6.Threefourthsofthepopulationhere______peasants.
A.isB.wasC.areD.were
7.Themoonisabout_____indiameterastheearth.
A.one-threeaslargeB.onethreeaslargeC.one-thirdaslargeD.onethirdaslarge
8.Fivehundredyuanamonth_____notenoughtoliveon.
A.isB.areC.isbeingD.hasbeen
9.______ofthebuildingswereruined.
A.ThreefourthB.ThreefourC.Three-fourthsD.Three-four
10.Read_____togetinformationaboutearthquakes.
A.theSixUnitB.UnitSixC.SixthUnitD.theUnitSix
11.Shewenttothecountryside______.
A.onJunethefirst,1968B.inthemorningatnine
C.atninethirtyo’clockinthemorningD.onJuneOne,1968
12.Three-fourthsofthesurfaceoftheearth______coveredwithwater.
A.areB.isC.wereD.be
13.Theheroofthestoryisanartistinhis______.
A.fortiethB.fourC.fourty’sD.forties.
14.Ourschoolisnearly______yourschool.
A.fourtimesassizeasB.fourtimethesizeofC.fourtimesthesizeofD.fourtimesasthatof
15.TheOlympicGamesareheld______.
A.everyfouryearsB.everyfouryearC.everyfourthyearsD.everyfour-years
16.Asheisnotingoodhealth,hegoestohisfactoryonly______justtolearnsomethingabouttheprogressofexperiment.
A.onceaweekB.oneweekC.onetimeaweekD.oneaweek
17.Threestudents______inthisuniversitycomefromtheSouth.
A.oftenB.outintenC.outoftenD.intens
18.______isfiveplusfour?
A.HowmanyB.HowmuchC.HowD.Howoften
19.Iboughtthecomputerina______store.
A.thesecond-handB.second-handC.two-handD.twohands
20.Onedayonthemoonis______.
A.twoEarthweeklongB.twoEarthweekslong
C.twoEarthweekslongerD.twoEarthweekslength
参考答案
1-5CDADB6-10CCACB
11-15ABDCA16-20ACBBB