英美概况跨文化交际Case.docx

英美概况跨文化交际Case.docx

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英美概况跨文化交际Case

Case1:

AnInterviewinIndiaCaseanalysis:

ThecaseisaboutaninterviewbetweenanAmericanprogramhostandanIndianinterviewee.TheytalkaboutsomeaspectsofIndiancultureandthechangesoccurredtheseyears.Thecasereflectssomebasicculturalelementspeoplemayfindinallcultures:

language,familypattern,marriage,weddingceremony,foodandthewaytoeatfood,etc.Fromthiscase,guidethestudentsinculturestudyandculturecomparison.Thestudentsshouldrealizethattherearebothsimilaritiesanddifferencesinculture.Cultureisinfactverydynamicandpervasive.

Case2:

WhiteDressCaseanalysis:

TheIndianwomenmightthinktheweddingceremonyisafuneraliftheyseethewesternbrideinwhitegown.Thecasereflectsthesimilesandmetaphorsinthetext.

Cultureislikeaniceberg:

wecanidentifythecolorofthedresswornbywomenindifferentcultures,butwedonotknowthevaluesunderneath.Cultureislikethewaterafishswimsin:

peopleweardressofdifferentcolorsfordifferentcontextbuttheyusuallytakeitforgrantedandneveraskwhy.

Case3:

TheFrenchinNorthAmericaCaseanalysis:

TheFrenchwereabletoseeIndianbehavioronlyinthelightoftheirownhierarchicalsocialsystem,whereitisnaturalforthefewtocommandandthemanytoobey.Socialsystemsthatworkedonotherprincipleswereliterallyunimaginable.

Case4:

Coconut-skatingCaseanalysis:

Thecasereflectsthecharacteristicsofculture.Wecantellfromthecasethatcultureispervasiveandit‘slearned.

Peoplemayinventdifferentwaysforthingsevenassimpleastheissueoffloormoping.ThePhilippinewomanmusthavelearnedthiswayofmoppingfromherownculture.

Case5:

ABlackGirl’sIdentityCaseanalysis:

Althoughwemaysaythatidentitiesareconstitutedbyourcommunication,itisobviousfromthecasethatwecannotsimplychooseatanymomentwhatouridentitywillberegardlessofthecontext.First,weoftendonotsharetherecipeforcertainidentitieswithothersevenifwebelongtothesameethnicity,gender,ornationality.Understandingthiscanhelpusavoidsomeofthebroadassumptionsmadeaboutgroupsofpeoplebasedonthereflectivewayofthinking.Second,aswelearnedintheveryfirstchapter,allmeaningincommunicationistosomeextentsituational.Thus,thecontextmediateswhatidentitieswecanchoose.Sometimesthingsonemayhavenocontrolover,suchasageorskincolor,areseenasessentialpartsofhowonecommunicatesanidentity.

Case6

Hippies

Caseanalysis:

Hippiescouldbedefinedasasubgroup,asthehippiesculturetendstobetemporary.

InmodernAmericansociety,hippiesculturecouldalsofindtraits,butithaswidespreadinfluenceonAmericanvaluesystem.

Case7

CleanuptheBathroom!

Caseanalysis:

Culturaldifferencesdecidethetwostudentsaregoingtocommunicateindifferentways.

TheChinesestudentwantstheAmericanstudenttounderstandtheunderlyingmeansofhiswords,buttheAmericanstudentisusedtothedirectstyleofcommunication.Thisisdecidedbyculture.InChineseculture,peoplewanttosavefaceofboththemselvesandothers,sotheywouldnotexpresstheirideasdirectly.However,intheUnitedStates,unlessyouexpressyourselfclearlyanddirectly,theotherscannotunderstandyou.

Case8:

SheHasThreeHands

ThiscasecanreflectthedifferentcommunicationstylesbetweenChineseandCanadians.Inwesterncultures,communicationisthemeansoftransmittingideas.Westernpeopleusuallycommunicatedirectlywitheachother.

ThatiswhytheCanadianinthiscasesayswhatisinhisminddirectlyinfrontoftheChinesewomanwithouthidinganything.WhileChineseculturestressesharmonyandemphasizestherelationshipsbetweenthecommunicators.Chinesepeopleviewcommunicationasaprocesswhereallpartiesaresearchingtodevelopandmaintainasocialrelationship.SotheChinesewomaninthiscasetriesnottoarguewiththeCanadianfacetofacetokeepthe“harmoniousrelationship”betweenthem.

Case9:

APieceofCake

Thiscasewantsustorecognizesomecomponentsofcommunication.Sender/sourcereferstothepersonwhotransmitsamessage.Receiverisanypersonwhonoticesandgivessomemeaningtoamessage.Contextreferstoasettingorsituationwithinwhichcommunicationtakesplace.Inthiscase,MarilynandRichardaresimultaneouslythesendersandreceivers.Andtheirroom,wherethecommunicationeventhappensandwhichmakesthecouplefeelcomfortableandrelaxed,isjustthecontext.

Case10:

ThePlacetoHaveLunch

Thiscasereflectsthatcommunicationiscontextual,whichmeansthatcommunicationdoesnothappeninisolationanditmusthappenwithinasettingorcontext.Whetherthiscontextisquietornoisyisimportanttothesmoothnessofcommunication.Whenthecommunicationeventisdisturbedbynoise,thecommunicationcannotgosmoothly.Inthiscase,

Case11:

MakinganAppointment

Thiscasecanreflecthowcultureaffectsitscommunicationstyle.Eachcultureencouragesaparticularcommunicationstyleexpectedwithinit.Thisimpliesnotonlyusingcorrectsymbols,butalsoapplyingtheappropriatecommunicationstylefortheoccasion.Communicationstylesincludemannerisms,phrases,rituals,andcommunicationcustomsappropriateforvarioussituationsinaculture.Inthiscase,knowingthecommunicationstyleoftheAmericanswhichischaracterizedbydirect,exactingandinstrumental,theexportermanagerfulfillshisjobsuccessfully.

Case12:

WhyDon’tYouEatthePizza?

Thiscasecanreflecttheproblemsappearingduringinterculturalcommunicationandhowignoringculturaldifferencescanaffectcommunication.

InMalaysia,wheremostpeopleareMuslims,peoplethinkthelefthandisusedonlyforcleaningthebodyandthusitisdirtyandcannotbeusedtopassfood.Knowingnothingabouttheculturaldifference,theAmericanstudentputshimselfinanembarrassingsituation.

Case13:

WeandThey?

Thiscasereflectsthatininterculturalcommunication,peoplealwaysregardthemselvesasthebestgroupintheworld.Thisisactuallyinappropriateandshouldbeavoided.

Case14:

PerceptionofWar

Thiscasecanreflectdifferentculturescangivedifferentinfluencesonhumanperception.

Peoplecanhaveverydifferentperceptionsevenonthesameobjectorphenomenonbecausetheyhavedifferentculturesandarelivinginthedifferentsocialrealities.Inthiscase,JimandOlgahaveverydifferentattitudesandperceptionstowardshistoricaleventsbecausetheirnations’differentexperiencesandhistories.

Case15:

ObservationsonaSoldier

Thiscasecanreflectthebasicmodelofhumanperception.Humanbeingisequippedtosensetheoutsidestimuliandperceivetheoutsideworld.Andtheperceptionfollowsacertainmodel—afterbeinggainedthroughthefivebasicsenses,informationisprocessedthroughselection,organizationandinterpretation.Inthiscase,SherlockHolmesandMycroftdidobservationsonthesoldieraccordingtothebasicmodelofhumanperception.Theyselectedsomeusefulinformationwhichtheygainedfromoutsideworldthroughtheirfivebasicsenses,organizeditinareasonablelogicandthenattachedmeaningstoit.

Case16:

DifferentResponsestoNoise

Thiscasecanreflectdifferentculturecangivedifferentinfluencesonhumansensation.

Notwoofpeoplecanassumethattheirsensationsarethesame,especiallywhentheycomefromdifferentcultures.

Differentsocialrealityandlivingconditionscanequipthemwithdifferentwaytosensetheworld.Soitisverycommonforthemtohavetotallydifferentsensationseventowardsthesamecondition.

Inthiscase,theGermanprofessorandJapaneseprofessorhaveverydifferentresponsetothenoiseproducedbythesamemotorfortheheatingsystembecauseoftheirculturesandlivinghabits.

Case17:

WhatIsBlack?

Thiscasecanreflectwehavesomebarrierstoaccurateperceptionininterculturalcommunication.

Wehavetheabilitytoperceivetheoutsideworld,butwecannotalwaysgettheaccurateperceptions,especiallywhenwedotheperceptiononothercultures,weoftengivetheinaccurateandnegativeperceptions.Inthiscase,ondiscussingtheimpersonalcolor“black”,wegivesomanybadandnegativemeaningswhileblackpupilscangivesomeobjectivedescriptionsandassociationsaboutthecolor.Thebarrierscanincludeignoringdetails,over-generalizing,holdingontopreconceptionsandstereotypesimposingconsistency,preconnectingcausesandeffects,preferringsimpleexplanations,ignoringcircumstances,creditingirrelevantinformationandfocusingonthenegative.

Case18:

ArePerceptionsAlwaysRight?

Thiscasecanreflectourperceptionsonoutsideworldarenotalwaysright,especiallywhenwedoperceptionsonothercultures.Weusuallyperceiveothersaccordingtoourownculture.

Thiscanleadtoineffectiveinterculturalcommunication.InthiscasePatandChrisgaveinaccurateandnegativeperceptionsonAkiraandMichikojustbecauseoftheirirresponsiblejudgmentandtheyalsogavecompletelypositiveperceptionsonMariejustbecauseoftheirsimpleexpectations.Inordertoavoidtheinaccurateperceptions,weneedsomeskills,includingincreaseyourunderstandingoftheperceptualprocess;increaseyourobservationalacuity;recognizetheelementstowhichyouattributemeaning;checkyourperceptions;increaseyourAwarenessofperceptualinaccuraciesandcompensateforthem;increaseyourawarenessofothers’perceptionsofyou;anddevelopsocialdecentering,empathy,andother-orientation.

Case20:

ChineseHospitality—Overdone

Thiscasereflectsthatsometimespeopleunconsciouslyassumethatpeoplefromanotherculturemaybehavein