名词性从句.docx

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名词性从句

一、同步知识梳理

知识点1:

主语从句、表语从句、宾语从句、同位语从句,在整个句子中所起的作用,相当于一个名词。

因此,这四种从句通称为名词性从句。

连接词:

连接词

词义

功能

that

无词义

不作成分,只起连接作用

whether/if

是否

不作成分,起连接作用

what,which

什么,哪个

作主语、宾语、表语

who,whom,whose

谁,谁的

作主语、宾语、定语

when,where,how,why

什么时候/地方,怎么样,为什么

作状语

howmany/much

多少

作定语

howsoon/often/long/much

多久,多久一次,多长,多么

作状语

whatever=anythingthat

无论什么

作主语、宾语、表语、定语

whosever=anyonewhose

无论谁的

作主语、宾语、定语、表语

whichever=anythingthat

无论哪个

作宾语、定语、主语、表语

whoever=anyonewho

无论谁

作主语

whomever=anyonewhom

无论谁

作宾语

知识点2:

主语从句:

主语从句在整个句子中作主语。

(1)that不同于其它的连词,它不充当句子的成分,只是单纯的连接词,通常不可以省略。

分句置于句首时,that绝对不可以省略。

Thatthedrivercouldnotcontrolhiswarwasobvious.

Itwasobviousthatthedrivercouldnotcontrolhiscar.

(2)if不能用在主语从句中,而是用whether.

Whetherheleft(ornot)isunknown.

(3)当主语从句作主语时,谓语动词一般用第三人称单数。

Whatweneedismoretimeandmoney.

批注:

下面这个句型例外,what的单复数是根据所替代的词来判断的。

Whatweneedaremanymorebooks.

知识点3:

表语从句:

表语从句出现在系动词后,充当表语。

Thetroubleisthatweareshortofmoney.

Goandgetyourcoat.It’swhereyouleftit.

(1)引导表语从句除了that\if\whether还有because,asif/asthough等等。

Thereason(why/forwhich…..)isthat……

It/This/Thatisbecause……

(2)连系动词“appear,look,seem”的两个常用句型:

Itseems/appearsthat….

Itlooks/seemsasif/asthough……(与事实相符用陈述语气,与事实相反用虚拟语气)

(3)as也可以引导表语从句

Thingsarenotalwaysastheyseemtobe

知识点4:

宾语从句:

及物动词,形容词和介词后加宾语从句作其宾语。

(1)宾语从句时态与主句相呼应,但宾语从句表示的是客观真理或普遍现象除外。

Theteachertoldusthattheearthmovesaroundthesun.

(2)连词whether和if可以互换,但注意下列情况:

连词后紧跟ornot时用whether;

Iwanttoknowwhetherornottheywillcome.

作介词宾语是用whether引导宾语从句;

Hewasinterestedinwhetherhesawherthere.

连接词后直接加不定式,不能用if只能用whether;

Hedoesn’tknowwhethertostayornot.

(3)当宾语从句后带宾补时,要用“主语+谓语+it+宾补+that-clause,that不可省略。

Ithinkitcertainthatshewilldowellinherexam.

(4)当主语是I,we,主句用think,believe,suppose,expect,imagine五个动词时,用否定转移。

Idon’tthinkhewillwinthegame,willhe?

(5)that在宾语从句常可以省略,但由and或but连接两个或多个宾语从句时,仅可以省略第一个连词that。

Hesaid(that)hehadeatennothingbutthathewasn’thungry.

(6)注意区别if引导的宾语从句和条件状语从句。

Idon’tknowifhewillcome.

Ifhecomes,I’llletyouknow.

批注:

本知识点比较偏初中的内容,老师可以根据学生的掌握情况来选用。

知识点5:

同位语从句,在句中作某些名词的同位语,对前面的名词进一步说明。

用于下列名词之后fact,news,idea,hope,belief,hope,thought,doubt,truth,order,suggestion,wordetc.

Thereisnodoubt______hewillcome.

Thereisdoubt______hewillcome.

批注:

以上两个句型让学生自己先填,如果学生不知道如何判断再补充。

doubtwhether……

nodoubtthat……

WordcamethatNapoleonwouldcometoinspectthem.

Thereisnopossibilitythat….

知识点6:

注意

1.疑问词-ever既可以引导名词性从句,也可以引导让步状语从句,而nomatter+疑问词只能引导让步状语从句。

NomatterwhereIgo,myheartistowardsChina.

Ibelievewhateverhesays.Whateverhesays,Iwillneverbelievehim.

who与whoever的区别

who是“谁”的意思,表示具有疑问,whoever相当于anyonewho“无论谁”

Whoeverleavestheroomlastoughttoturnoffthelights.

Canyoutellmewhothatgentlemanis?

2.当名词性从句缺少主语、宾语或表语时,引导词通常用what,它相当于allthat,anythingthat或thething(s)that。

另外,有时具有感叹意义。

Whatwecan’tgetseemsbetterthanwhatwehave.

TomthoughtwhatabeautifulgirlMarywas.

Iwassurprisedbyherwords,whichmademerecognize____sillymistakesIhadmade.

A.whatB.thatC.howD.which

二、同步例题分析

知识点1:

主语从句

例1:

AfterYangLiweisucceededincirclingtheearth,___ourastronautsdesiretodoiswalkinspace.

A.whereB.whatC.thatD.how

例2:

____wasmostimportanttoher,shetoldme,washerfamily.

A.ItBThisC.WhatD.As

例3:

somepeopleregardasadrawbackisseenasaplusbymanyothers.

A.WhetherB.WhatC.ThatD.How

知识点2:

表语从句

例1:

—IprefershuttingmyselfinandlisteningtomusicalldayonSundays.

—That’s_______Idon’tagree.Youshouldhaveamoreactivelife.

A.whereB.howC.whenD.what

例2:

PartofthereasonCharlesDickenslovedhisownnovel,DavidCopperfield,was__itwasrathercloselymodeledonhisownlife.

A.whatB.thatC.whyD.whether

知识点3:

宾语从句

例1:

Wecannotfigureout____quiteanumberofinsects,birdsandanimalsaredyingout.

A.thatB.asC.whyD.when

例2:

Marywroteanarticleon____theteamhadfailedtowinthegame.

A.whyB.whatC.whoD.that

例3:

Theshopkeeperdidn’twanttosellfor__hethoughtwasnotenough.

AwhereB.howC.whatD.which

知识点4:

同位语从句

例1:

Awarmthoughtsuddenlycametome___Imightusethepocketmoneytobuysomeflowersformymother’sbirthday.

A.ifB.whenC.thatD.which

例2:

Thereisacommonbeliefamongthem___rubbishcanandshouldbeputtogooduse.

A.whichB.ifC.whoseD.that

例3:

Thenews________(房价将要下跌)hascausedmanypeopletoselltheirhousesatlowerprices.(fall)

三、课堂达标检测

检测题

(一):

单选

1.____hedoeshasnothingtodowithme.

A.WhateverB.NomatterwhatC.ThatD.If

2.Themanagercameoverandaskedthecustomerhow____.

A.didthequarrelcameaboutB.thequarrelhadcomeabout

C.thequarrelcameaboutD.hadthequarrelcomeabout

3.Energyis____makesthingwork.

A.whatB.somethingC.anythingD.that

4.Informationhasbeenputforward____moremiddleschoolgraduateswillbeadmittedintouniversities.

A.whileB.thatC.whenD.as

5.Thisis___theShenzhouVspaceshiplanded.

A.thereB.inwhichC.whereD.when

6.Theyhavenoideaatall____.

A.wherehehasgoneB.wheredidhego

C.whichplacehashegoneD.wherehashegone

7.Thedoctordidalottoreducethepatient’sfear____hewoulddieofthedisease.

A.thatB.whichC.ofwhichD.ofthat

8.Theordercame___thesoldiers____thesmallvillagethenextmorning.

A.that;hadtoleaveB.that;shouldleave

C./;mustleaveD.when;shouldleave

9.___isnopossibility____Bobcanwinthefirstprizeinthematch.

A.There;thatB.It;thatC.there;whetherD.It;whether

10.Thequestioncameupatthemeeting_____wehadenoughmoneyforourresearch.

A.thatB.whichC.whetherD.if

11.Is_____hesaidreallytrue?

A.thatB.whatC.whyD.whether

12.____themeetingshouldlasttwodaysorthreedaysdoesn’tmatter.

A.ThatB.WhetherC.IfD.Where

13.Itworriedherabit_____herhairwasturninggray.

A.whileB.ifC.thatD.for

14._____morecountriescanusenaturalenergyinthefutureremainstobeseen.

A.WhetherB.ThisC.WhoD.If

15.____hewillgotoworkinamountainvillagesurprisesallofus.

A.WhatB.ThatC.WhetherD.If

 

一、专题精讲

知识点1:

连接词what与that的用法区别

引导主、宾、表语从句时,what要充当主语、宾语或表语等句子成分,that不作任何成分,只在语法上起连接的作用。

例1:

____wecan’tgetseemsbetterthan____wehave.

A.What,whatB.What,thatC.That,thatD.That,what

例2:

____causedtheaccidentisstillacompletemystery.

A.WhatB.ThatC.HowD.Where

知识点2:

连接词whether和if的用法区别

通常,引导主语从句、表语从句和引导同位语从句时,要用连词whether,不用if;习惯上也只能说whetherornot,而不说if…ornot。

例1:

____the2000OlympicGameswillbeheldinBeijingisnotknownyet.

A.WheneverB.IfC.WhetherD.That

知识点3:

名词性从句的语序

与别的从句一样,名词性从句必须用陈述语序。

例1:

Noonecanbesure____inamillionyears.

A.whatmanwilllooklikeB.whatwillmanlooklike

C.manwilllooklikewhatD.whatlookwillmanlike

例2:

Youcan’timagine____whentheyreceivedtheseniceChristmaspresents.

A.howtheywereexcitedB.howexcitedtheywere

C.howexcitedweretheyD.theywerehowexcited

知识点4:

形式主语、形式宾语

当主语从句较长,而谓语较短时,常常将从句后置,而用it作为形式主语,置于句首。

动词后接复合宾语,也可用it作形式宾语。

例1:

____isafactthatEnglishisbeingacceptedasaninternationallanguage.

A.ThereB.ThisC.ThatD.It

知识点5:

who/whoever,what/whatever等的用法区别

一般说来,what/who等含特指意义,而whatever/whoever等含泛指意义,意为“无论什么/无论谁”。

例1:

Itisgenerallyconsideredunwisetogiveachild____heorshewants.

A.howeverB.whateverC.whicheverD.whenever

例2:

____hashelpedtosavethedrowninggirlisworthpraising.

A.WhoB.TheoneC.AnyoneD.Whoever

知识点6:

Where,when,why等连接副词引导的名词性从句

Where,when,why等连接副词也可以引导名词性从句,使用的关键是:

这个词必须符合句子的逻辑意义要求。

例1:

—IdrovetoZhuhaifortheairshowlastweek.

—Isthat____youhadafewdaysoff?

A.whyB.whenC.thatD.where

例2:

—Doyouremember____hecame?

—Yes,Ido,hecamebycar.

A.howB.whenC.thatD.if

知识点7:

“介词+who(m)引导的宾语从句”与“介词+whom”引导的定语从句的区别

介词后面的引导词用主格还是宾格,决定于它在宾语从句中作主语还是宾语。

例1:

Itwasamatterof____wouldtaketheposition.

A.whoB.whoeverC.whomD.whomever

例2:

Tomismyclassmate__________I‘dliketogotothemuseum.

A.whoB.whoeverC.withwhomD.whomever

知识点8:

连接词that的省略

引导宾语从句时,that通常可以省略,但引导主语、表语和同位语从句时,that不能省。

例1:

China’ssuccessinmanned-spacecrafttravelshows____ourcountryhasbecomeoneofthegreatestpowersinspaceresearch.

A.whatB.whichC.不填D.itthat

批注:

名词性从句中有插入成分时应注意两点:

一是从句仍然不倒装,而在插入成分上倒装;二是要注意主语的主格和宾格的选择。

例如:

____youhaveseenbothfighters,____willwin?

A.Since;doyouthinkwhoB.As;whoyouthink

C.When;whoeverD.Since;whodoyouthink

解析:

根据上面的讲解,不难知道答案是D。

其中doyouthink是插入成分,其余部分是宾语从句,作think的宾语;由于引导词在从句中作主语,所以要用主格who(不用whom)。

二、专题过关

检测题

(一):

单选(2012高考题)

1.Thelimitsofaperson’sintelligence,generallyspeaking,arefixedatbirth,but________hereachestheselimitswilldependonhisenvironment.

A.whereB.whetherC.thatD.why

2.Evidencehasbeenfoundthroughyearsofstudy______children’searlysleepingproblemsarelikelytocontinuewhentheygrowup.

A.whyB.howC.whetherD.that

3.Itisbynomeansclearthepresidentcandotoendthestrike.

A.howB.which

C.thatD.what

4.Jerrydidnotregretgivingthecommentbutfelt______hecouldhaveexpresseditdifferently.

A.whyB.howC.thatD.whether

5.Wepromise_____attendsthepartyachancetohaveaphototakenwiththemoviestar.

A.whoB.whomC.whoeverD.whomever

6.Asmanyasfivecoursesareprovided,andyouarefreetochoose_____suitsyoubest.

A.whateverB.whicheverC.wheneverD.wherever

7.Itdoesn’tmatter_____youpaybycashorcreditcardinthisstore.

A.howB.whetherC.whatD.why

8.Everyoneinthevillageisveryfriendly.It

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