专8听力真题答案及讲座原文.docx

专8听力真题答案及讲座原文.docx

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专8听力真题答案及讲座原文

2016年专8听力真题、答案及讲座原文

SECTIONAMINI-LECTURE

ModelsforArguments

Threemodelsforarguments

•thefirstmodelforarguingiscalled

（1）;

—argumentsaretreatedaswar

—thereismuchwinningandlosing

——itisa

（2）modelforarguing

•thesecondmodelforarguingisargumentsasproofs:

一（3）warranted

—validinferencesandconclusions

—no（4）intheadversarialsense

•thethirdmodelforarguingis（5）:

—theaudienceis（6）inthearguments

一argumentsmust（7）theaudience

Traitsoftheargumentaswar

•verydominant:

itcanshape（8）

•strongargumentsareneeded

•negativeeffectsinclude:

一（9）areemphasized

一winningistheonlypurpose

一thistypeofargumentsprevent（10）

—theworstthingis（11）

•implicationfromargumentsaswar:

（12）

一e.g>,oneprovidingreasonsandtheotherraising（13）

一theotheroneisfinallypersuaded

Suggestionsonnewwaysto（14）ofarguments

•thinkofnewkindsofarguments

•changerolesinarguments

■（15）

SECTIONBINTERVIEW

Now,listentothePartOneoftheinterview.Questions1to5arebasedonPartOneoftheinterview.

1.Whatisthetopicoftheinterview?

A.Maggie'suniversitylife>

B>HermonfslifeatHarvard.

C.Maggie'sviewonstudyingwithMom.

D・Maggie'sopiniononhermonTsmajor.

2.Whichofthefollowingindicatesthattheyhavethesamestudyschedule?

A.Theytakeexamsinthesameweeks.

Theyhavesimilarlecturenotes.

C.Theyapplyforthesameinternship.

D>Theyfollowthesamefashion.

3.Whatdothemotherandthedaughterhaveincommonasstudents?

A>Havingroommates.

Practicingcourttrails.

C.Studyingtogether

D.Takingnotesbyhand.

4.WhatisthebiggestadvantageofstudyingwithMom?

A.Protection.

B.Imaginatioiie

C.Excitement>

D・Encouragement>

5.WhatisthebiggestdisadvantageofstudyingwithMom?

A.ThinkingofwaystocomfortMom.

B.OccasionalinterferencefromMom.

C.UltimatelycallswhenMaggieisbusy.

D>FrequentcheckonMaggie'sgrades.

Now,listentothePartTwooftheinterview.Questions6to10arebasedonPartTwooftheinterview.

6.Whyisparentandkidstudyingtogetheracommoncase?

A.Becauseparentsneedtobereadyfornewjobs.

B>Becauseparentslovetoreturntocollege.

C.Becausekidsrequiretheirparentstodoso.

D

7.WhatwouldMaggie'smomliketobeaftercollege?

A・Realestateagent.

B.Financier

C.Lawyer.

D.Teacher

&HowdoesMaggie'smomfeelaboutsittinginclassafter30years?

A・Delighted.

Excited.

C.Bored.

D・Frustrated.

9.WhatismostchallengingforMaggie^smom?

A>Howtomakeacake>

B.Howtomakeomelets.

C.Toacceptwhatistaught.

D>Toplanafuturecareer.

10.HowdoesMaggiedescribetheprocessofthinkingoutone^scareerpath?

A>Unsuccessful^

B・Gradual.

C.Frustrating.

D>Passionate.

Keys:

1.thedialecticalmodel

monandfixed

3.premises

4.opposition/arguing

5.argumentsasperformances/therhetoricalmodel

6.participatory/participating/theparticipant/takingpart

7.betailoredto/caterfor

8.howweargue/ouractualconduct

9.tactics/strategies

10

11.there'snosolution/progress

12.learningwithlosing

13.questions/counter-considerations/counter-arguments/objections/

argumentsinopposition

14>achievepositiveeffects

15>supportoneself/yourself

CADDB

ACDCB

Script:

Goodmorning,everyone.MynameisDavidandIamgoodatarguing*Sowelcometoourintroductorylectureonargumentation.Whydowewanttoargue?

Whydowetrytoconvinceotherpeopletobelievethingsthattheydon'twanttobelieve?

Andisthatevenanicethingtodo?

Isthatanicewaytotreatotherhumanbeing,tryandmakethemthinksomethingtheydon'twanttothink?

Well,myanswerisgoingtomakereferencetothreemodelsforarguments>

（1）Thefirstmodel—let'scallthisthedialecticalmodel—isthatwethinkofargumentsaswar.Andyouknowwhatthafslike.Thereisalotofscreamingandshoutingandwinningandlosing*

（2）Andthat'snotreallyavei^yhelpfulmodelarfiiinf，butifsaprettycommonandfixedone.Iguessyoumusthaveseenthattypeofarguingmanytimes—inthestreet,onthebusorinthesubwav.

Lettmoveontothesecondmodel.Thesecondmodelforarguingregardsargumentsasproofs.Thinkofamathematician^argument.Here'smyargument*Doesitwork?

Isitanygood?

（3）Arethepremis£s（前提）wairanted?

Aretheinferences（推论））valid?

Doestheconclusionfollowthepremises?

（4）Noopposition,noadversariality（对抗）一notnecessarilyanyai^uingintheadversarialsense.

（5）Andthere'sathirdmodeltokeepinmindthatIthinkis£oin±tobeveryhelpful,andthatisargumentsasperformances,argumentsasbeingin

Frontofanaudience.Wecanthinkofapoliticiantryingtopresentaposition,tryingtoconvincetheaudienceof