托福TOEFL考试阅读模拟试题3.docx

托福TOEFL考试阅读模拟试题3.docx

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托福TOEFL考试阅读模拟试题3

托福（TOEFL）考试阅读模拟试题（3）

Questions12-21

TheMoonhasbeenworshippedbyprimitivepeoplesandhasinspiredhumanstocreateeverythingfromlunarcalendarstolovesonnets,butwhatdowereallyknowaboutit?

ThemostacceptedtheoryabouttheoriginoftheMoonisthatitwasformedofthedebrisfromamassivecollisionwiththeyoungEarthabout4.6billionyearsago.Ahugebody,perhapsthesizeofMars,strucktheEarth,throwingoutanimmenseamountofdebristhatcoalescedandcooledinorbitaroundtheEarth.

ThedevelopmentofEarthisinextricablylinkedtothemoon;theMoon’sgravitationalinfluenceupontheEarthistheprimarycauseofoceantides.Infact,theMoonhasmorethantwicetheeffectuponthetidesthandoestheSun.TheMoonmakesonerotationandcompletesarevolutionaroundtheEarthevery27days,7hours,and43minutes.ThissynchronousrotationiscausedbyanunevendistributionofmassintheMoon（essentially,itisheavierononesidethantheother）andhasallowedtheEarth’sgravitytokeeponesideoftheMoonpermanentlyfacingEarth.ItisanaveragedistancefromEarthof384,403km.

TheMoonhasnoatmosphere;withoutanatmosphere,theMoonhasnothingtoprotectitfrommeteoriteimpacts,andthusthesurfaceoftheMooniscoveredwithimpactcraters,bothlargeandsmall.TheMoonalsohasnoactivetectonicorvolcanicactivity,sotheerosiveeffectsofatmosphericweathering,tectonicshifts,andvolcanicupheavalsthattendtoeraseandreformtheEarth’ssurfacefeaturesarenotatworkontheMoon.Infact,eventinysurfacefeaturessuchasthefootprintleftbyanastronautinthelunarsoilarelikelytolastformillionsofyears,unlessobliteratedbyachancemeteoritestrike.ThesurfacegravityoftheMoonisaboutone-sixththatoftheEarth’s.Therefore,amanweighing82kilogramsonEarthwouldonlyweigh14kilogramsontheMoon.

ThegeographicalfeaturesoftheEarthmost likethatoftheMoonare,infact,placessuchastheHawaiianvolcaniccratersandthehugemeteorcraterinArizona.TheclimateoftheMoonisveryunlikeeitherHawaiiorArizona,however;infactthetemperatureontheMoonrangesbetween123degreesC.to–233degreesC.

12.Whatisthepassageprimarilyabout?

（a）theMoon’seffectupontheEarth

（b）theoriginoftheMoon

（c）whatweknowabouttheMoonanditsdifferencestoEarth

（d）acomparisonoftheMoonandtheEarth

13.Theword“massive”inline4isclosestinmeaningto

（a）unavoidable

（b）dense

（c）huge

（d）impressive

14.Theword“debris”inline5isclosestinmeaningto

（a）rubbish

（b）satellites

（c）moons

（d）earth

15.Accordingtothepassage,theMoonis

（a）olderthantheEarth

（b）protectedbyadenseatmosphere

（c）composedofafewactivevolcanoes

（d）theprimarycauseofEarth’soceantides

16.Theword“uneven“inline11isclosestinmeaningto

（a）Heavier

（b）Equallydistributed

（c）Orderly

（d）Notuniform

17.Whydoestheauthormention“impactcraters”inline16?

（a）toshowtheresultoftheMoonnothavinganatmosphere

（b）toshowtheresultoftheMoonnothavingactivetectonicorvolcanicactivity

（c）toexplainwhytheMoonhasnoplantlifebecauseofmeteorites

（d）toexplainthecorrosiveeffectsofatmosphericweathering

18.Theword“erase”inline19isclosestinmeaningto

（a）change

（b）impact

（c）obliterate

（d）erupt

19.ApersonontheMoonwouldweighlessthanontheEarthbecause

（a）ofthecompositionoflunarsoil

（b）thesurfacegravityoftheMoonisless

（c）theMoonhasnoatmosphere

（d）theMoonhasnoactivetectonicorvolcanicactivity

20.AllofthefollowingaretrueabouttheMoonEXCEPT

（a）ithasawiderangeoftemperatures

（b）itisheavierononesidethantheother

（c）itisunabletoprotectitselffrommeteoriteattacks

（d）ithaslesseffectuponthetidesthantheSun

21.Whichofthefollowingcanbeinferredfromthepassage?

（a）theMoonisnotabletosupporthumanlife

（b）iftheMoonhadnogravitationalinfluence,theEarthwouldnothavetides

（c）peoplelivinginHawaiiandArizonawouldfeelathomeontheMoon

（d）MarscouldhavebeenformedinasimilarwaytotheMoon

Questions22-31

PeopleofHispanicoriginwereontheNorthAmericancontinentcenturiesbeforesettlersarrivedfromEuropeintheearly1600sandthethirteencoloniesjoinedtogethertoformtheUnitedStatesinthelate1700s.Thefirstcensusofthenewnationwasconductedin1790,andcountedaboutfourmillionpeople,mostofwhomwerewhite.Ofthewhitecitizens,morethan80%tracedtheirancestrybacktoEngland.Therewerecloseto700,000slavesandabout60,000“freeNegroes”.OnlyafewNativeAmericanIndianswhopaidtaxeswereincludedinthecensuscount,butthetotalNativeAmericanpopulationwasprobablyaboutonemillion.

By1815,thepopulationoftheUnitedStateswas8.4million.Overthenext100years,thecountrytookinabout35millionimmigrants,withthegreatestnumberscominginthelate1800sandearly1900s.In1882,40,000Chinesearrived,andbetween1900and1907,thereweremorethan30,000Japaneseimmigrants.Butbyfar,thelargestnumbersofthenewimmigrantswerefromcentral,eastern,andsouthernEurope.

Anenormousamountofracialandethnicassimilationhastakenplacein theUnitedStates.In1908,play-writeIsraelZangwillfirstusedtheterm“meltingpot”todescribetheconceptofaplacewheremanyracesmeltedinacrucibleandre-formedtopopulateanewland.Someyearsduringthefirsttwodecadesofthe20thcentury,therewereasmanyasonemillionnewimmigrantsperyear,anastonishing1percentofthetotalpopulationoftheUnitedStates.

In1921,however,thecountrybegantolimitimmigration,andtheImmigrationActof1924virtuallyclosedthedoor.Thetotalnumberofimmigrantsadmittedperyeardroppedfromasmanyasamilliontoonly150,000.Aquotasystemwasestablishedthatspecifiedthenumberofimmigrantsthatcouldcomefromeachcountry.ItheavilyfavoredimmigrantsfromnorthernandwesternEuropeandseverelylimitedeveryoneelse.Thissystemremainedineffectuntil1965,althoughafterWorldWarII,severalexceptionsweremadetothequotasystemtoallowingroupsofrefugees.

22.Whydidtheauthorwritethepassage?

（a）tooutlinethewaysimmigrationhasbeenrestrictedr>（b）toemphasizetheimpactofmigrantsfromEurope

（c）toexplainandgiveexamplesoftheconceptofa“meltingpot”

（d）tosummarizethemainfeaturesofimmigration

23.Accordingtothepassage,whichancestrypredominatedatthetimeofthefirstcensus?

（a）NativeAmericans

（b）Negroes

（c）English

（d）Hispanic

24.Theword“ancestry”inline5isclosestinmeaningto

（a）origins

（b）inheritance

（c）color

（d）freedom

25.Theword“their”inline5referstowhichofthefollowing

（a）immigrants

（b）peopleofHispanicorigin

（c）whitecitizens

（d）NativeAmericans

26.Whichofthefollowingistrue,accordingtothepassage?

（a）aquotasystemwasinplacefrom1908

（b）apeakperiodofimmigrationwasinthelate1800sandearly1900s

（c）slaveswerenotcountedinthefirstcensus

（d）onlythosewhopaidtaxeswereincludedinthefirstcensus

27.Thenumberofimmigrantstakeninoverthe100yearsto1915was

（a）probablyabout1million

（b）about35million

（c）8.4million

（d）about4million

28.Theword“concept”inline16isclosestinmeaningto

（a）location

（b）type

（c）complexity

（d）thought

29.Theword“virtually”inline21isclosestinmeaningto

（a）effectively

（b）occasionally

（c）thoroughly

（d）undeservedly

30.WhichofthefollowingisNOTtrueaboutimmigrants

（a）theyweresubjectedtoanofficialquotaintheImmigrationActfrom1924

（b）duringthe1900simmigrantsnumbered1percentofthetotalpopulation

（c）settlersofHispanicoriginarrivedcenturiesbeforethosefromEurope

（d）numbersbegantobelimitedfrom1921

31.Whichofthefollowingcanbeinferredfromthepassage

（a）preservingadeveloping“American”culturewasamajorfactorleadingtotheintroductionofthequotasystem

（b）racialandethnicassimilationdidnotoccurasplanned

（c）racialandethnictensionswouldhaveincreasedifthequotasystemhadnotbeenintroduced

（d）thequotasystemwasintroducedto;limitpopulationgrowth

Questions32-40

Consideredthemostinfluentialarchitectofhistime,FrankLloydWright（1867-1959）wasborninthesmallruralcommunityofRichlandCenter,Wisconsin.HeenteredtheUniversityofWisconsinattheageof15asaspecialstudent,studyingengineeringbecausetheschoolhadnocourseinarchitecture.Attheageof20hethenwenttoworkasadraughtsmaninChicagoinordertolearnthetraditional,classicallanguageofarchitecture.Aftermarryingintoawealthybusinessfamilyattheageof21,WrightsetuphouseinanexclusiveneighborhoodinChicago,andafterafewyearsofworkingforanumberofarchitecturalfirms,setuphisownarchitecturaloffice.

Fortwentyyearshebroughtupafamilyofsixchildrenupstairs,andranathrivingarchitecturalpracticeoftwelveorsodraughtsmendownstairs.Here,inanidyllicAmericansuburb,withgiantoaks,sprawlinglawns,andnofences,Wrightbuiltsomesixtyramblinghomesbytheyear1900.Hebecametheleaderofastyleknownasthe“Prairie”school-houseswithlow-pitchedroofsandextendedlinesthatblendedintothelandscapeandtypifiedhisstyleof“organicarchitecture”.