大学英语四级真题及答案.docx

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大学英语四级真题及答案

2007年12月大学英语四级真题及答案

2007年12月大学英语四级考试试题

PartⅠWriting(30minutes)

Directions:

Forthispart,youareallowed30minutestowriteashortessayonthetopicofWhatelectivestochoose.Youshouldwriteatleast120wordsfollowingtheoutlinegivenbellow:

Whatelectivestochoose

1.各大学开设了各种各样的选修课

2.学生因为各种原因选择了不同的选修课

3.以你自己为例……

PartⅡReadingComprehension(SkimmingandScanning)(15minutes)

Directions:

Inthispart,youwillhave15minutestogooverthepassagequicklyandanswerthequestionsonAnswerSheet1.Forquestions1-7,choosethebestanswerfromthefourchoicesmarkedA),B),C)andD).Forquestions8-10,completethesentenceswiththeinformationgiveninthepassage.

UniversitiesBranchOut

Asneverbeforeintheirlonghistory,universitieshavebecomeinstrumentsofnationalcompetitionaswellasinstrumentsofpeace.Theyaretheplaceofthescientificdiscoveriesthatmoveeconomiesforward,andtheprimarymeansofeducatingthetalentrequiredtoobtainandmaintaincompetitiveadvantage.Butatthesametime,theopeningofnationalborderstotheflowofgoods,services,informationandespeciallypeoplehasmadeuniversitiesapowerfulforceforglobalintegration,mutualunderstandingandgeopoliticalstability.

Inresponsetothesameforcesthathavedriventheworldeconomy,universitieshavebecomemoreself-consciouslyglobal:

seekingstudentsfromaroundtheworldwhorepresenttheentirerangeofculturesandvalues,sendingtheirownstudentsabroadtopreparethemforglobalcareers,offeringcourseofstudythataddressthechallengesofaninterconnectedworldandcollaborative(合作的)researchprogramstoadvancescienceforthebenefitofallhumanity.

Oftheforcesshapinghighereducationnoneismoresweepingthanthemovementacrossborders.Overthepastthreedecadesthenumberofstudentsleavinghomeeachyeartostudyabroadhasgrownatanannualrateof3.9percent,from800,000in1975to2.5millionin2004.Mosttravelfromonedevelopednationtoanother,buttheflowfromdevelopingtodevelopedcountriesisgrowingrapidly.Thereverseflow,fromdevelopedtodevelopingcountries,isontherise,too.Todayforeignstudentsearn30percentofthedoctoraldegreesawardedintheUnitedStatesand38percentofthoseintheUnitedKingdom.Andthenumbercrossingbordersforundergraduatestudyisgrowingaswell,to8percentoftheundergraduatesatAmerica'sbestinstitutionsand10percentofallundergraduatesintheU.K.IntheUnitedStates,20percentofthenewlyhiredprofessorsinscienceandengineeringareforeign-born,andinChinamanynewlyhiredfacultymembersatthetopresearchuniversitiesreceivedtheirgraduateeducationabroad.

Universitiesarealsoencouragingstudentstospendsomeoftheirundergraduateyearsinanothercountry.InEurope,morethan140,000studentsparticipateintheErasmusprogrameachyear,takingcoursesforcreditinoneof2,200participatinginstitutionsacrossthecontinent.AndintheUnitedStates,institutionsarehelpingplacestudentsinsummerinternships(实习)abroadtopreparethemforglobalcareers.YaleandHarvardhaveledtheway,offeringeveryundergraduateatleastoneinternationalstudyorinternshipopportunity--andprovidingthefinancialresourcestomakeitpossible.

Globalizationisalsoreshapingthewayresearchisdone.Onenewtrendinvolvessourcingportionsofaresearchprogramtoanothercountry.YaleprofessorandHowardHughesMedicalInstituteinvestigatorTianXudirectsaresearchcenterfocusedonthegeneticsofhumandiseaseatShanghai'sFudanUniversity,incollaborationwithfacultycolleaguesfrombothschools.TheShanghaicenterhas95employeesandgraduatestudentsworkingina4,300-square-meterlaboratoryfacility.Yalefaculty,postdoctorsandgraduatestudentsvisitregularlyandattendvideoconferenceseminarswithscientistsfrombothcampuses.Thearrangementbenefitsbothcountries;Xu'sYalelabismoreproductive,thankstothelowercostsofconductingresearchinChina,andChinesegraduatestudents,postdoctorsandfacultygeton-the-jobtrainingfromaworld-classscientistandhisU.S.team.

Asaresultofitsstrengthinscience,theUnitedStateshasconsistentlyledtheworldinthecommercializationofmajornewtechnologies,fromthemainframecomputerandtheintegratedcircuitofthe1960stotheInternetinfrastructure(基础设施)andapplicationssoftwareofthe1990s.Thelinkbetweenuniversity-basedscienceandindustrialapplicationisoftenindirectbutsometimeshighlyvisible:

SiliconValleywasintentionallycreatedbyStanfordUniversity,andRoute128outsideBostonhaslonghousedcompaniesspunofffromMITandHarvard.Aroundtheworld,governmentshaveencouragedcopyingofthismodel,perhapsmostsuccessfullyinCambridge,England,whereMicrosoftandscoresofotherleadingsoftwareandbiotechnologycompanieshavesetupshoparoundtheuniversity.

Forallitssuccess,theUnitedStatesremainsdeeplyhesitantaboutsustainingtheresearch-universitymodel.Mostpoliticiansrecognizethelinkbetweeninvestmentinscienceandnationaleconomicstrength,butsupportforresearchfundinghasbeenunsteady.ThebudgetoftheNationalInstitutesofHealthdoubledbetween1998and2003,buthasrisenmoreslowlythaninflationsincethen.Supportforthephysicalsciencesandengineeringbarelykeptpacewithinflationduringthatsameperiod.Theattempttomakeuplostgroundiswelcome,butthenationwouldbebetterservedbysteady,predictableincreasesinsciencefundingattherateoflong-termGDPgrowth,whichisontheorderofinflationplus3percentperyear.

Americanpoliticianshavegreatdifficultrecognizingthatadmittingmoreforeignstudentscangreatlypromotethenationalinterestbyincreasinginternationalunderstanding.Adjustedforinflation,publicfundingforinternationalexchangesandforeign-languagestudyiswellbelowthelevelsof40yearsago.InthewakeofSeptember11,changesinthevisaprocesscausedadramaticdeclineinthenumberofforeignstudentsseekingadmissiontoU.S.universities,andacorrespondingsurgeinenrollmentsinAustralia,SingaporeandtheU.K.ObjectionsfromAmericanuniversityandbusinessleadersledtoimprovementsintheprocessandareversalofthedecline,buttheUnitedStatesisstillseenbymanyasunwelcomingtointernationalstudents.

MostAmericansrecognizethatuniversitiescontributetothenation'swell-beingthroughtheirscientificresearch,butmanyfearthatforeignstudentsthreatenAmericancompetitivenessbytakingtheirknowledgeandskillsbackhome.TheyfalltograspthatwelcomingforeignstudentstotheUnitedStateshastwoimportantpositiveeffects:

first,theverybestofthemstayintheStatesand--likeimmigrantsthroughouthistory--strengthenthenation;andsecond,foreignstudentswhostudyintheUnitedStatesbecomeambassadorsformanyofitsmostcherished(珍视)valueswhentheyreturnhome.Oratleasttheyunderstandthembetter.InAmericaaselsewhere,fewinstrumentsofforeignpolicyareaseffectiveinpromotingpeaceandstabilityaswelcominginternationaluniversitystudents.

1.Fromthefirstparagraphweknowthatpresent-dayuniversitieshavebecome______.

A)morepopularizedthaneverbefore

B)in-servicetrainingorganizations

C)apowerfulforceforglobalintegration

D)moreandmoreresearch-oriented

2.Overthepastdecades,theenrollmentofoverseasstudentshasincreased______.

A)atanannualrateof8percentB)atanannualrateof3.9percent

C)by800,000D)by2.5million

3.IntheUnitedStates,howmanyofthenewlyhiredprofessorsinscienceandengineeringareforeign-born?

A)38%.B)10%.C)30%D)20%.

4.HowdoYaleandHarvardpreparetheirundergraduatesforglobalcareers?

A)Theygivethemchancesforinternationalstudyorinternship.

B)TheyarrangeforthemtoparticipateintheErasmusprogram.

C)Theyofferthemvariouscoursesininternationalpolitics.

D)Theyorganizeaseriesofseminarsonworldeconomy.

5.Anexampleillustratingthegeneraltrendofuniversities'globalizationis______.

A)Yale'sestablishingbranchcampusesthroughouttheworld

B)Yale'sstudentexchangeprogramwithEuropeaninstitutions

C)Yale'shelpingChineseuniversitiestolaunchresearchprojects

D)Yale'scollaborationwithFudanUniversityongeneticresearch

6.WhatdowelearnaboutSiliconValleyfromthepassage?

A)ItisknowntobethebirthplaceofMicrosoftCompany.

B)ItwasintentionallycreatedbyStanfordUniversity.

C)ItiswheretheInternetinfrastructurewasbuiltup.

D)IthousesmanycompaniesspunofffromMITandHarvard.

7.WhatissaidabouttheU.S.federalfundingforresearch?

A)Ithasincreasedby3percent.

B)Itdoubledbetween1998and2003.

C)Ithasbeenunsteadyforyears.

D)Ithasbeenmorethansufficient.

8.ThedramaticdeclineintheenrollmentofforeignstudentsintheU.S.afterSeptember11wascausedby_______________________________.

9.ManyAmericansfearthatAmericancompetitivenessmaybethreatenedbyforeignstudentswhowill______________________________.

10.ThepolicyofwelcomingforeignstudentscanbenefittheU.S.inthattheverybestofthemwillstayand__________________________________.

PartⅢListeningComprehension(35minutes)

SectionA

Directions:

Inthissection,youwillhear8shortconversationsand2longconversations.Attheendofeachconversation,oneormorequestionswillbeaskedaboutwhatwassaid.Boththeconversationandthequestionswillbespokenonlyonce.Aftereachquestiontherewillbeapause.Duringthepause,youmustreadthefourchoicesmarked[A],[B],[C]and[D

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