八学年英语动词不定式用法梳理.docx

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八学年英语动词不定式用法梳理.docx

八学年英语动词不定式用法梳理

八年级英语动词不定式用法梳理

动词不定式是由“不定式符号to+动词原形”构成的一种非谓语动词结构。

有些动词不定式不带to,动词不定式可以作句子的主语、表语、宾语、定语、补语、状语或单独使用。

不定式保留动词的某些特性,可以有自己的宾语、状语等。

动词不定式和它后面的宾语、状语等一起构成短语,叫作不定式短语。

一、用作主语

多数情况用it作形式主语,把真正的主语——动词不定式置于句末,特别是不定式短语较长时。

动词不定式作主语,谓语动词用第三人称单数形式。

疑问词+不定式短语作主语可置于句首,复合不定式结构作主语常置于句末。

如:

1.Itisourdutytotryourbesttodealwiththeseproblems.

2.Theheadteachersaiditwasnecessarytotalkwithhismother.

3.HowtolearnEnglishwellisimportant.

4.Toseeistobelieve.(眼见为实;百闻不如一见)

二、用作表语

动词不定式作表语,常说明主语的内容、性质、特征。

如:

 1.ThebestwayistojoinanEnglishclub.

2.Thefirstthingistolistentotheteachercarefully.

三、用作宾语

1.可以接带to的动词不定式作宾语的动词主要有:

要求选择同意(ask,choose,agree),期望决定学习(expect,hope,decide,learn),宁可假装知道(prefer,pretend,know),希望想要愿意(wish,want,wouldlike/love)。

如:

1)Wedecidedtotalktosomestudentsaboutwhytheygothere.

2)Hepreferstoeatwhitebreadandrice.

3)IdlovetovisitMexico.

2.动词decide,know,learn,show,teach,tell...,介词结构on...可用疑问词带to的不定式短语作宾语,但why后面的不定式不带to。

如:

1)Couldyoupleasetellmewheretoparkmycar?

2)Itgivesadviceonwhattodoinlotsofdifferentsituations.

3.动词feel,find,make,think等后面,可以用it作形式宾语代替真正的宾语——动词不定式,句子结构是...feel/find/make/...it+adj./n.+todo...。

如:

4.感知动词like,love,know等一般不用进行时态。

5.后接动词不定式或ving形式作宾语,意思差别较大的动词有forget,remember等。

后接不定式作宾语,表动作尚未发生;后接ving形式作宾语,表动作已经发生。

stoptodo停下来做另外一件事,todo是目的状语;stopdoing停止做、不做当前这件事,doing是宾语。

trytodo尽力做,trydoing试试看;goontodo接着做另外的事,goondoing继续做原来的事。

如:

1)WhenIlefthome,Iforgottobringitwithme.

2)Istoppedusingthemlastyear.

四、用作定语

1.句子的主语或宾语是动词不定式的逻辑主语,不定式与其所修饰的名词、代词等存在逻辑的动宾关系.

1)Ihavesomanyclothestowashtoday.

2)Ican’tthinkofanygoodadvicetogiveher.

3)Wehavenohousestolivein.

2.动词不定式所修饰的名词是place,time,way等时,不定式与这些名词呈现出动状关系或同位关系。

如:

1)Heneedstimetodohomework.

2)Hewantstoknowthebestwaytotravelaroundthecity.

3.在“therebe...”句型里,句子的主语是动词不定式动作的对象:

1)There’sjustsomuchtoseeanddohere.

 2)...buttherearestillmanythingstodothe

五、用作宾语补足语

1.带to的动词不定式作宾语补足语的动词主要有:

要求允许提议(ask,allow,,advise),期望邀请鼓励(expect,,invite,encourage),教导告诉想要(teach,tell,want),等待希望愿意(waitfor,wish,wouldlike/love)。

如:

1)Idinvitehertohavedinneratmyhouse.

2Weshouldallowthechildrentochoosetheirownclothes.

2.动词不定式作补语,在主动语态句里不带to,被动语态句里带to时多数动词是感官动词和使役动词,包括四“看”:

lookat,observe,see,watch,三“让”:

have,let,make,二“听”:

hear,listento,一“感觉”:

feel,一“注意”:

notice。

如:

1)Thispicturemakesmefeelexcited!

2)WesawLiuYuplaybaseballlastweek.

3.help后接动词不定式作补语,to可带可不带。

1)theycanhelpyoutolearnEnglish.

2)UsingemailEnglishhelpsyouwritequickly.

六、用作状语

1.目的状语,置于句首或句末,置于句首时常表示强调。

如:

1)Inordertocatchtheearlybus,shegotupveryearly.

2)Agroupofyoungpeoplegottogethertodiscussthisquestion.

3)Shecametothiscitytovisitherdaughter.

2.原因状语,多见于“sb.+be+adj.+todo...”结构句中。

如:

1)Ifeelveryluckytohavehim.

2)heranoutofmoneytobuyoldbikes.

3.结果状语,多见于“too...to”,“enoughto...”结构句中。

如:

1)I’mtootiredtodoitwell.

2)Theroomisbigenoughforthreepeopletolivein.

七、动词不定式的复合结构

动词不定式的复合结构是“for/ofsb.todosth.”,for/of引出不定式动作的逻辑主语。

这种结构在句子中可以作主语、宾语、表语、定语、状语等。

不定式复合结构的介词用for还是of,主要决定于前面形容词的性质。

一般说来,of前面的形容词是careful,clever,foolish,good,kind,nice,wise等,既说明人的特性,又说明不定式动作的特性。

for前面的形容词是dangerous,difficult,easy,hard,heavy,important,interesting,necessary等,一般说明不定式动作的特性,前面如果是名词用for。

如:

1.It’sagoodideaforparentstoallowchildrentostudyingroupsduringtheevening.

2.It’swiseofhimtodoitwell.

3)Isitinterestingforthebabytoplaywithapetdog?

八、带疑问词的不定式短语

 动词不定式前面可以带疑问代词what,which,who或疑问副词how,when,where,why等。

这种结构起名词的作用,在句子里用作宾语、主语、表语等,或者单独使用。

要注意的是,why后面的不定式不带to。

如:

1.用作句子的成分。

1)Idon’tknowwhattotrynext.(作宾语)

2)Wheretogoisnotdecidedyet.(作主语)

2.单独使用时相当于一个特殊疑问句。

1)Whattodonext?

(=Whatwillwe/youdonext?

2)Whygothere?

(=Whydowe/yougothere?

九、动词不定式的否定式

不定式的否定式是not/nevertodo...,不带to的不定式的否定式是not/neverdo...如:

1.Theydecidenottotalktoeachother.

2.Hisparentstellhimnevertoplaysoccerinthestreet.

随堂练习一动词填空。

1.I’mgoingtolistentotheradio.Please____(nottalk)anymore.2.Thestudents____(do)theirhomeworkfromfourtofivethisafternoon.

3.Thestudents____(be)busynow.They____(have)anEnglishexamnextMonday.

4.Marymust____(look)afterherlittlesisterbecausesheistooyoung.

5.____(he)youwaitingforabusnow?

6.Thiscoatisverycheap.I____(take)itnow.

7.I’lltellhimaboutitwhenhe____(come)back.

8.Couldyoutellmehow.I____(canget)toNo3Middleschool.

9.He____saidthatthenewteacher____(give)thestudentsanEnglishlessonnow.

10.I____(milk)acowthreetimes.

11.Edison’smother____(teach)himherself.

12.He____(watch)TVonceaweek.

13.Don’tspeakloudly.Thebaby____(sleep).

14.Iwon’tgooutuntil.I____(finish)myhomework.

15.Couldyoutellmewhenthetrain____(arrive).

16.Ioftenhearthesoundofchildren____(read)Englishintheroom.

17.Heaskedme____(help)himwithhisEnglishthisevening.

18.Theirworkis____(clean)thestreets.

19.Didheenjoy____(work)inChina.

20.Wewillstayathomeifit_____(rain)tomorrow.

21.Bequiet!

Theboy____(sing)anEnglishsong.

22._____you_____yourhomeworkyet(start)?

23.Who____(teach)themEnglishlastterm.

24.There_____(be)atelephonecallforyoujustnow.

25.Pleasekeepeverything____(clean).

26.Peterwon’thavearestuntilhe____(finish)hiswork.

27.IwatchedTV,soI____(forget)_____(do)myhomework.

28.WhenI____(walk)alongtheriver,Imetmyfriend,Tom.

29.WhenMothercame,thelittlegirl____(play)withacat.

30.WhenIwasfive,I____(get)toknowtheearth____(move)aroundthesun.

31.They_____(see)aboy_____(fall)intotheriverwhilethey____(pass)ityesterday.

32._____(study)hardatyourlessonsand(nottalk)inclass.

33.You_____(have)better_____(noteat)thebadfood.

34.WhileI___(do)myhomework,myparents__(watch)TV.

35.He____(notfinish)____(read)thebook.

36.I____(get)upveryearlythismorning.I____(read)Englishnow.

37.He____(hurry)toschooleverymorning.

38.Ourteacher____(notstop)____(work)untileleveno’clocklastnight.

39.Ifhe____(know)it,he____(be)veryhappy.

40.It____(take)ushalfanhour____(read)Englisheveryday.

41.Thechildren____(run)inthestreetnow.

42.There____(be)twomeetingstomorrowmorning.

43.Myfather____(sleep)whenI____(get)upthismorning.

44.WhenI____(go)toseeTom,he____(notwrite)anything.

45.Sorry,whenyou____(call)me,I____(think)and____(nothear)you.

46.Mr.Green____(leave)hisnotebookathomeyesterday.

47.I____(want)tobuyanewcoatnextSunday.

48.Hisfather____(read)newspaperwhenIgotthere.

49.It____(be)fiveyearssincehe____(buy)themotorbike.

50.Wefounditwasverydifficult____(get)acar.

51.Wearesoglad________(hear)thenews.

52.Isawhim________(cross)theroadsafelyand________(run)away.

53.Youcan’tmakehim________(do)whatyouwant.

54.Idon’tknowwhere________(meet)him.

55.Whatmakesyou________(think)I’mafarmer?

56.Didyouseehim________(go)upstairs?

57.Itisbetter________(put)yourmoneyinabank.

58.Itisdifficultfortheboy________(swim)acrosstheriver.

59.Ilethim________(go)earlyashewanted________(meet)hisuncleatthestation.

60.Willyouhelpme________(move)thebed?

61.Ifhedoesn’tknow,how________(use)therecorder,you’dbetter________(show)him.

62.Heisthelastone________(leave)theofficeeveryday.

63.It’sbadmanners________(shout)inpublic.

64.Theboyisoldenough________(dress)himself.

65.Sheistooill________(go)toschool.

二选择题

1.Tellhim___thewindow.

 A.toclosenot B.nottocloseC.tonotclose D.notclose

2.Pauldoesn'thavetobemade___.Healwaysworkshard.

 A.learn B.tolearn C.learned D.learning

3.You'dbetter_______thestoryinJapanese.

 A.say B.speak C.tell D.talk

4.Thepatientwaswarned___oilyfoodaftertheoperation.

 A.toeatnot B.eatingnotC.nottoeat D.noteating

5.----Iusuallygotherebytrain.

  ----Whynot___byboatforachange?

 A.totrygoing B.tryingtogo C.totryandgo D.trygoing

6.Therearesomebooksonthefloor,wouldyoulike________?

A.topickthemup B.topickupthemC.pickitup D.pickupit

 7.Sheisveryill,let's_______adoctoratonce.

 A.towakeup B.sendforC.topayfor D.payfor

 8.Iwant________ateacherwhenIgrowup.

 A.tobe B.to C.be D.being

 9.It'scoldhere.You'dbetter______yourcoat.

 A.nottakeout B.nottotakedownC.nottakeoff D.nottotakeaway

 10.Mymothertoldme________morewater.

 A.drinking B.drank C.todrink D.drink

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