高中英语选修7 unit3 under the sea语法.docx
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高中英语选修7unit3underthesea语法
Book7Unit3Underthesea
grammar
随笔
thePassiveVoiceof
—ingForm
1、V-ing形式
V-ing形式由“do+ing”构成,其否定形式是“notdoing”,V-ing可以带宾语或状语构成V-ing短语,没有人称和数的变化,但有时态和语态的变化。
时态语态
主动语态
被动语态
一般式
(not)doing
(not)beingdone
完成式
(not)havingdone
(not)havingbeendone
【注】一般式:
表示这个被动的动作正在进行或与谓语表示的动作同时发生。
完成式:
强调这个被动的动作在谓语动词所表示的动作之前完成。
2、动词-ing形式的被动语态
当动词-ing形式的逻辑主语是动作的承受者时,就要用动词-ing形式的被动语态。
动词-ing形式的被动语态和它的主动语态一样,在句中可以作主语、表语、宾语、宾语补足语、定语、状语,但不能单独作谓语。
其完成式多在句中作状语。
3、动词-ing形式的被动式的句法功能
(1)用作主语
E.g.①Beingkilledbysharksintheseaisacommonthing.
②Beinghelpedoutbythekillerwhales,thewhalerswereabletomakesuccessfulkill.
★______tosunlightfortoomuchtimewilldoharmtoone’sskin.(上海高考题2002)
A.Exposed B.Havingexposed C.Beingexposed D.Afterbeingexposed
(2)用作宾语
E.g.①Hewasafraidofbeingscoldedbytheteacher.
②Irememberhavingbeentoldthestory.
V-ing形式既可作动词的宾语,也可作介词的宾语。
★Thebirdescaped_____________________(catch).
★Hewasafraidof_________________________(abandon)byus.
【注意】
在avoid,admit,appreciate,complete,consider,delay,enjoy,escape,excuse,finish,forgive,imagine,mind,miss,practise,risk,suggest,giveup,putoff,feellike,insiston等后只接V-ing形式作宾语。
(3)用作定语
E.g.①Theproblembeingdiscussednowisveryimportant.
② Thehousebeingbuiltwillbeourlibraryuponitscompletion.
(4)用作状语
E.g.①Beingaskedtoanswerthequestion,shecouldn’trefuse.
② Havingbeengivensuchagoodchance,howwouldyounotvalueitatall?
(5)用作表语
E.g.Whatworriedthechildmostwasnotbeingallowedtovisithismotherinthehospital.
(6)用作宾语补足语
E.g.①You’llfindthetopicbeingdiscussedeverywherenow.
②Isawababybeingcaughtawaybytwomen.
【练习】
动词-ing形式的被动式在各句中作什么成分?
★Sobeingkilledbysharkswasacommonoccurrence.
★Hedidn’tmindbeingleftathome.
★Thatbuildingbeingrepairedisourlibrary.
★Beingprotectedbyathickwall,theyfelttheywerequitesafe.
★Havingbeengivensuchagoodchance,howcouldsheletitslipaway?
4、比较
①动词-ing一般时和一般时的被动形式
(1)Hehurriedhome,lookingbehindfromtimetotime.
(2)Thebuildingbeingrepairedisourdormitory.
②动词-ing的完成时和完成时的被动形式
(1)Havingheardthis,ourteacherexpressedhersatisfaction.
(2)Havingbeenaskedtostay,Icouldn’tleave.
【注意】
1)在want,need,require,deserve等动词之后作宾语时,常用动名词的主动形式表示被动意义,也可以用不定式的被动形式来替换。
E.g.①Theflowersinthegardenwantwatering.
=Theflowersinthegardenwanttobewatered.花园里的花需要浇水了。
②Theblackboardneedscleaning.
=Theblackboardneedstobecleaned.黑板需要擦干净。
2)在(be)worth后面只能用动名词的主动态来表示被动意义。
E.g.Hissuggestionisworthconsidering.他的提议值得考虑
此句可转换成:
Hissuggestionisworthytobeconsidered.
Hissuggestionisworthyofbeingconsidered.
3)allow,advise,forbid,permit等动词后直接跟所有格及动词作宾语时,要用V-ing形式;如果后面有名词或代词作宾语,然后再跟宾语补足语(即构成复合宾语),其宾语补足语用带to的不定式。
E.g.Idon’tallowhimtoswimhere.我不允许他在此地游泳。
4)V-ing可带有自己的逻辑主语
一般情况下,句子的逻辑主语是句中的主语,但有时可有一个名词或代词表示逻辑上的主语,这种带逻辑主语的结构称为独立结构。
V-ing自己带的逻辑主语有两种形式:
a)在V-ing前加“物主代词或名词的所有格”;b)在V-ing前加“名词的普通格或人称代词的宾格”。
两者的区别是:
前者为正式语体,后者多用于非正式语体,多见于口语和动名词位于句中时。
因此,在书面文体中,尽量用前者,不用后者;但在口语中使用后者更为自然。
E.g.①Doyoumindmysmokingintheroom?
你介意我在室内吸烟吗?
②Themeetingbeingover,wealllefttheroomanddrovehome.
会议结束后,我们都离开房间开车走了。
【即学即练】
I.Choosetherightanswer.
1.---WhatmadeBillsoangry?
---___.Hisgirlfriendpromisedtocomeat8:
30,butshehasn’tcomeyet.
A.HavingkeptwaitingB.Beingkeptwaiting
C.TobekeptwaitingD.Beingkeptwaited
2.Thebuilding___inourschoolisforusteachers.Thoughthere’snoisemostoftheday,westillfeelhappyaboutit.
A.builtB.havingbeenbuiltC.tobebuiltD.beingbuilt
3.Thesquirrelwasluckythatitjustmissed___.
A.catchingB.tobecaughtC.beingcaughtD.tocatch
4.Whileshopping,peoplesometimescan’thelp___intobuyingsomethingtheydon’treallyneed.
A.topersuadedB.persuadingC.beingpersuadedD.bepersuaded
5.___manytimes,theboystilldidn’tknowhowtodotheexercises.
A.HavingtaughtB.HavingbeentaughtC.taughtD.Teaching
6._________thewholestory,Janedecidednottoseethefilm.
A.Havingbeentold B.HavingtoldC.Beentold D.Telling
7.Hehasalwaysinsistedonhis___DrTurnerinsteadofMrTurner.
A.beencalledB.calledC.havingcalledD.beingcalled
8.Doyoumind_____aloneathome?
A.Jane’sleavingBJane’shavingleftCJane’sbeingleftDJanetobeleft
9.______toputonaperformance,MissGreencouldn'trefuseverywell.
A.BeingaskedB.AskedC.AskD.Tobeasked
10.Themissingboyswerelastseen___playingontheplayground.
A.playingB.tobeplayingC.playD.toplay
11.Anydriver___alicenseoughttobepunished.
A.doesn’thaveB.havingnotC.hasnotD.nothaving
12.___theidiom,helookeditupinthedictionary.
A.NotlearningB.Neverhavinglearned
C.HavingnotlearnedD.Havingneverlearned
13.Doyoumind___aloneathome?
A.JaneleavingB.Janehavingleft
C.Jane’sbeingleftD.Janetobeleft
14.Hehasalwaysinsistedonhis___DrTurnerinsteadofMrTurner.
A.beencalledB.calledC.havingcalledD.beingcalled
15.—Youwerebraveenoughtoraiseobjectionsatthemeeting.
—Well,nowIregret____that.
A.todoB.tobedoing
C.tohavedoneD.havingdone
II.用所给词的适当形式填空。
1._____________________(ask)toputonperformance,sherefused.
2.Hedisliked______________________(interrupt)inhisexperiment.
3.______________________(give)suchagoodchance,youshouldcatchit.
4.Ididn’tmind__________________(leave)athome.
5.Thehousewants__________________(clean).
6.Hecameinwithout___________________(ask).
7._______________________(show)aroundthelibrary,weweretakentoseethelab.
8.Ourneighborcamecloseto______________(kill)inatrafficaccidenttheotherday.
9.Itmademeupsettohearthenewsofhis_____________________________(fire)fromthatgoodjob.
10.Theforeignfriendsyoureferredtoarelookingforwardto____________(show)aroundournewlybuiltlanguagelab.
III.将下列句子翻译成英语。
1.他受不了别人那样开他的玩笑。
________________________________________________________________________
2.这问题远远没有解决。
________________________________________________________________________
3.没有谁请他做,是他自己做的。
________________________________________________________________________
4.在动手术之前你不能吃任何东西。
________________________________________________________________________
5.既然已做出了决定,下个问题就是如何制定一个好的计划。
________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
【课后反思】
know知道knewknown
quit放弃quit/quittedquit/quitted
mean表…意思meantmeant
tear撕裂toretorn
stick坚持;伸出;粘住stuckstuck
win获胜wonwon
spin旋转spun/spanspun
spell拼写spelt/spelledspelt/spelled
dig挖dugdug