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组合材
组合材
宋洪丁
国立嘉义大学林产科学系教授
Ⅰ.组合板之定义与分类
(Ⅰ)组合板之定义:
1.组合板:
由木材粒片、木材纤维或其它木质材料,藉胶合剂经温度及压力制成板材。
狭义者,包括粒片板及纤维板;广义者,包括各类木质板材之复合板。
2.CompositePanel:
Aveneer-facedpanelwithareconstitutedwoodcore.Theflakeboardcoremayberandomorhavealignmentinthedirection90°fromthegraindirectionoftheveneerfaces.
3.人造板(wood-basedpanels):
木质纤维原料经机械加工分离成为各种形状的单元材料,再经组合压制成的各种板材。
单元材料的形状有单板、薄木、木块、板条、木丝、刨花以及纤维等多种。
制成板材的物理力学性质与木材类似。
人造板主要包括胶合板、纤维板、刨花板等三大类。
4.三板:
胶合板
刨花板
纤维板
5.Plywood:
Agluedwoodpanelmadeupofrelativelythinlayersofveneerwiththegrainofadjacentlayersatrightangles,orofveneerincombinationwithacoreoflumberorofreconstitutedwood.
6.Particleboard:
Agenerictermforamaterialmannfacturedfromwoodparticlesorotherligno-cellulosicmaterialandasyntheticresinorothersuitablebinder.
7.Fiberboard:
Abroadgenericterminclusiveofsheetmaterialsofwidelyvaryingdensitiesmanufacturedofrefinedorpartiallyrefinedwood(orothervegetable)fibers.Bondingagentsandothermaterialsmaybeaddedtoincreasestrength,resistancetomoisture,fire,ordecay,ortoimprovesomeotherproperty.
Figure1.1Classificationofwoodcomposition-boards
Figure1.2Simplifiedflowchartoffiberboardprocesses.
(Ⅱ)组合板之分类:
1.CompositeWoodwithsawnmembers.
1.1Compositeblockmaterialwithsawnmembers.
1.1.1Compositewoodwithsmallsawnpieces.
1.1.2Laminatedwoodwithsawnboards.
1.2Compositeboardmaterialwithsawnmembers.
2.Compositewoodwithveneers.
2.1Compositeblockmaterialwithveneers.(Laminatedwoodwithveneers,Laminatedveneerlumber,LVL)
2.1.1Normallaminatedwoodwithveneers.
2.1.2Impregnatedlaminatedwoodveneers,Impreg.
2.1.3Hardenedlaminatedwoodwithveneers,Compreg.
2.1.4Speciallytreatedlaminatedwoodwithveneers.
2.2Compositeboardmaterialwithveneers(plywood).
2.2.1Normalplywood.
2.2.2Speciallytreatedplywood:
Lumbercoreplywood(Laminboard,Blockboard,Battenboard),Particleboardcoreplywood,Fiberboardcoreplywood,Papercoresandwichplywood,Plasticfoamcoreplywood,Veneercorehoneycombboard,Bambootubularcorehoneycombboard,Metalcoreplywood,Asbestoscoreplywood,Flexibleplywood,Groovedplywood,Embossedplywood,Perforatedplywood,Fancyplywood,Paperoverlaidplywood,Plasticoverlaidplywood,Corkoverlaidplywood,Printedplywood,Mouldedplywoodetc.
3.Compositewoodwithwoodparticles.
3.1Compositeblockmaterialwithwoodparticles.
3.1.1Cementbondedblockwithwoodparticles.
3.1.2Syntheticresinbondedblockwithwoodparticles.
3.2Compositeboardmaterialwithwoodparticles.
3.2.1Syntheticresinbondedparticleboard:
Flatpressedparticleboard,Extrudedparticleboard,Moldedparticleboard,Calenderparticleboard,Orientedstrand(structural)board(OSB),Waferboard.
3.2.2Cementbondedparticleboard.
3.2.3Cementbondedwood-woolbuildingslabs.
3.2.4Gypsumbondedparticleboard.
4.Compositewoodwithwoodfibers.
4.1Compositeboardmaterialwithwoodfibers.
4.1.1Softfiberboard.
4.1.2Mediumdensityfiberboard.
4.1.3Hardboard.
4.1.4Gypsumfiberboard.
5.Compositewoodwithwoodpowders.
5.1Compositeboardmaterialwithwoodpowders.
6.SpecialCompositewood.
木质资源
构成要素()
木质类(略号)
间伐中小径木
早生树
端材、废材
建筑、解体材
树皮
古纸类
单板
小片
(,)
木粉
木材纤维
木质炭化物
古纸碎片
(ZB)
(LVB)
(PB)
(OSB)
(FB)
(TB)
树皮(BB)
古纸(KB)
窑业系(CB)
复合(HB)
特殊(SB)
非木质材料
非木质植物纤维
非木质纤维(NWB)
图1.3木质类制造用注目木质资源,
构成要素及制造种类
Ⅱ.组合板之结构与制程
(Ⅰ)合板:
(图2.1、图2.2、图2.3、图2.4、图2.5)
图2.1五合板结构图图2.2细木工板的结构
1.表板2.中板3.木芯板
胶合板的生产方法与主要工艺流程:
(图2.3)
(1)生产方法有:
湿热法、干冷法和干热法。
(2)主要工艺流程(干热法)
图2.3胶合板之制造流程
木芯板之制造过程:
(图2.4)
图2.4木芯板之制造流程
酚醛树脂塑化胶合板生产工艺流程:
(图2.5)
图2.5酚醛树脂塑化胶合板之制造流程
(Ⅱ)粒片板:
(图2.6)
图2.6制造工程
(Ⅲ)纤维板:
(图2.7、图2.8)
图2.7湿湿式法制造工程
图2.8干式法制造工程
Ⅲ.组合板之性质
(Ⅰ)合板之性质
1.物理性质
(1)密度
(2)含水率
(3)热传导
2.力学性质
(1)胶合强度
(2)比强度
(Ⅱ)粒片板之性质
1.物理性质
(1)密度与密度梯度
(2)含水率、吸水率、厚度膨胀率
(3)音
(4)热传导
(5)游离甲醛量
2.力学性质
(1)静曲强度
(2)抗拉强度
(3)蠕变
(4)拔钉强度
(Ⅲ)纤维板之性质
1.物理性质
(1)密度
(2)含水率、吸水率
2.力学性质
静曲强度
Figure3.1Manufactureoffiberboardsofequalthicknessandequalboarddensityfromlow-andhigh-specific-gravitywood.
Table1Bindersystemsusedinfiberboardmanufacture
Fiberboard
Bonding(listedinincreasingorderofamountofbinderused)
Primary
Secondary
Wetprocess
insulationboard
hydrogen
starch,asphalt
SISMasonite
lignin
-
SIS
lignin
Phenol,dryingoils
S2S,MDF
lignin
thermoplastics,dryingoils
Dryprocess
S2S
phenolic
-
MDF
urea
-
Figure3.2Arrangementofmat,screen,andcaulplatesinSIShotpress(Hedin1957).
Figure3.3TypicalSIShardboardpresscycle.
Figure3.4DensityprofileofSIShardboard(Spalt1977).
Figure3.5PresscyclesforS2Shardboardfromhardwoodfibers.Presstemperature450∘F
Figure3.6PresscyclesforS2Shardboardwithoutpredrying.
Figure3.7DensityprofileforS2Shardboard(Spalt1977).
Ⅳ.组合板之规格与应用
(Ⅰ)组合板之规格
(Ⅱ)组合板之应用
图4.1木质类活用用途分类