高考英语《阅读理解的综合》专项训练及详细答案.docx
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高考英语《阅读理解的综合》专项训练及详细答案
一、高中英语阅读理解
1．阅读理解
Ahomescienceexperimentrecentlytooktheworldbystorm.TwoteensfromToronto,inCanada,sentaLegomanrisingabovetheEarthandcapturedtheirtinyastronaut'striponfilm.
MathewHoandAsadMuhammad,both17,usedaweatherballoontolaunchtheirplasticlegomodel16milesabovetheEarth.ThisisinsideapartofEarth'satmosphere.
ThetwoteenswereinspiredbyasimilarprojectperformedbystudentsattheMassachusettsInstituteofTechnology（MIT）.TheMITstudentshadlaunchedaweatherballoonwithacameraintonearspaceandtakenmanyunusualimagesoftheEarth.MathewandAsadthenspendfourmonthsfiguringouthowtolaunchtheirownspacecraftintothespace.
TravellingtospaceisexpensiveforNASA,butMathewandAsadworkedhardtokeeptheircostsdown.TheyboughtmuchoftheirequipmentusedandevensewedtheLegoman'sparachutebyhand.Intotal,theprojectcostonly$400.
"Wehadalotofanxietyonlaunchdaybecausetherewerehighwindswhenweweregoingup,"Mathewtoldreporters.Theyhadtopumpextrahelium（氦）intotheballoonsothatitwouldrisequicklyandavoidbeingblowntoofaroffcoursebythestrongwinds.
Thetoyastronaut'sjourneylasted97minutesbeforetheballoonbrokeandhefellbacktoEarth.MathewandAsadthenspenttwoweekendslookingfortheirspacecraft.Ithadlanded76milesawayfromthelaunchsite.
Thestudentscientistsarecurrentlyfinishinguptheirfinalyearofhighschoolandapplyingforcolleges.Theyarealsolookingintomoredo-it-yourselfspaceprojects.
"Iguesstheskyisnotreallythelimitanymore,"Mathewtoldreporters."Weneverknewwe'dgetthisfar.It'sbeenalessonforusthathardworkpaysoff."
（1）Bysaying"tooktheworldbystorm"inthefirstparagraph,thewritermeanttheexperiment______________.
A. destroyedtheworld
B. floodedtheworld
C. fascinatedtheworld
D. managedtheworld
（2）WhichofthefollowingaboutthestudentsattheMassachusettsInstituteofTechnologyisright?
A.TheywereexamplesforMathewHoandAsadMuhammad.
B.TheyhelpedMathewHoandAsadMuhammadtoachievedream.
C.TheylaunchedweatherballoontogetherwithMathewHoandAsadMuhammad.
D.TheystudiedwithMathewHoandAsadMuhammadinthesameschool.
（3）HowdidMathewHoandAsadMuhammadkeeptheircostsdown?
A.Bysewingtheweatherballoonthemselves.
B.ByborrowingspacecraftfromtheMITstudents.
C.Bymakingtheirspacecraftbyhand.
D.Byusingsecond-handequipment.
（4）WhatproblemsdidMathewHoandAsadMuhammadhaveonlaunchday?
A.Theyranoutofhelium.
B.Thewindwastoostrong.
C.Theballoonsuddenlybroke.
D.Theirspacecraftwasblownaway.
【答案】
（1）C
（2）A
（3）D
（4）B
【解析】【分析】这是一篇记叙文。
文章主要讲述两个来自加拿大的高三学生利用气象气球把他们的玩具乐高人送到太空的过程和结果，并从中学到了努力终会有回报。
（1）推理判断题。
根据画线部分后面的TwoteensfromToronto,inCanada,sentaLegomanrisingabovetheEarthandcapturedtheirtinyastronaut'striponfilm.两个来自加拿大的少年把乐高人送入太空，并且把航空之行的过程拍下来了。
这是一件很了不起的事情，故推测这件事吸引了全世界的目光，即画线部分的意思是"吸引了全世界"，故选C项。
（2）细节理解题。
根据文章第三段的ThetwoteenswereinspiredbyasimilarprojectperformedbystudentsattheMassachusettsInstituteofTechnology（MIT）.可知这两个孩子是受到了两个麻省理工学生相似实验的启发，然后做了他们自己的实验，即他们是这两个孩子的榜样，故选A项。
（3）细节理解题。
根据文章第四段的TheyboughtmuchoftheirequipmentusedandevensewedtheLegoman'sparachutebyhand.Intotal,theprojectcostonly$400.可知他们很多的设备都是二手的，甚至自己缝制乐高人的降落伞，所以他们的总费用才花了400美元，故选D项。
（4）细节理解题。
根据文章第五段的"Wehadalotofanxietyonlaunchdaybecausetherewerehighwindswhenweweregoingup,"Mathewtoldreporters.可知，在进行发射的那天风速很快，这让他们很担心，故选B项。
【点评】考查阅读理解。
本文涉及细节理解题和推理判断题。
细节理解题要注意从文中寻找答案；推理判断题需要联系上下文，推断出需要的信息。
2．阅读理解
TheLargestWorldFairsofAllTime
NewYorkWorldFair—NewYork,1939
The1939NewYorkWorldFairwasthelargestexposition（博览会）inUShistorywithvisitorsover14million.TheFairwasplannedduringtheGreatDepressionandwasaimedatrelievingthecityfromeconomicdepressionbyattractingforeigninvestment.Majorinventionstoemerge（出现）attheNewYorkWorldFairincludednylonfabric,astreamlinedpencilsharpener,andafuturisticcarcityimaginedbyGeneralMoiors.
Expositionliniverselle—Paris,1900
TheExpositionUniversellewasoneoftheearliestexpositionstofeaturemultiplecountrieswithFranceinvitingvariouscountriestodisplaytheirtechnologicaladvancementsandculturalheritage.ExpositionUniversellewasthebirthplaceofmanyinventionsthatweenjoytodayincludingescalators（自动扶梯）andtalkingfilms.
Expo'70—Osaka,Japan
Expo'70wasthebiggestexpositionofthe20thcenturyandthesecondlargestinhistory.Expo70hadarecordattendanceofover64millionvisitors,a40-yearrecordthatwouldnotbebrokenuntilExpo2010inShanghai.NotableexhibitionsincludedalargepieceofmoonrockthatwasbroughtbackfromtheApollo12mission.
Expo2010—Shanghai.China
Expo2010goesdownasthelargestfairinhistory,havingattracted73millionpeople.Italsohadthehighestinternationalparticipationofanyexpositionintheworldwith246countriesparticipating.TheopeningceremonyfeaturedthebiggestLEDscreenintheworldaswellasoneofthebiggestfireworksdisplaysinhistory.
（1）WhichExpoisthebiggestoneinhistory?
A. Expo70—Osaka.Japan. B. ExpositionUniverselle—Paris
C. Expo2010—Shanghai,China.
D. NewYorkWorldFair—NewYork
（2）WhatisthepurposeofNewYorkWorldFair?
A. Toattractmoreinventions.
B. Toimprovethenation'seconomy.
C. Todisplaythetechnologicaldevelopment.
D. Toshareachievementswithothercountries.
（3）WhatdidExpo70inJapanfeature?
A. Apieceofrockfromspace.
B. ArocketintheApollo12mission.
C. Theculturalheritagefromcountries.
D. ThebiggestLEDscreenintheworld.
【答案】
（1）C
（2）B
（3）A
【解析】【分析】本文是一篇应用文，介绍了几个有史以来最大的世界博览会。
（1）考查细节理解。
根据Expo2010—Shanghai.China部分中的“Expo2010goesdownasthelargestfairinhistory”可知，2010年上海世博会是历史上规模最大的一届世博会，故选C。
（2）考查细节理解。
根据NewYorkWorldFair—NewYork,1939部分中的“aimedatrelievingthecityfromeconomicdepressionbyattractingforeigninvestment.”可知，纽约世博会的目的是通过吸引外资来缓解国内经济萧条，也就是改善国家经济，故选B。
（3）考查细节理解。
根据Expo'70—Osaka,Japan部分中的“NotableexhibitionsincludedalargepieceofmoonrockthatwasbroughtbackfromtheApollo12mission.”可知，第70届日本世博会的特色是展出了阿波罗12号带回来的一大块月球岩石，故选A。
【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解题型的考查，是一篇介绍类阅读，考生需要准确捕捉细节信息，并结合题目要求，从而选出正确答案。
3．阅读理解
AscienceteacherfromruralKenyawhogivesawaymostofhissalarytohelppoorerstudentshasbeenawardedtheworld'sbestteacherand$1million,beating10,000nominationsfrom179countries.PeterTabichi,36,amathsandphysicsteacheratKerikosecondaryschoolinPwaniVillage,haswontheVarkeyFoundationGlobalTeacherPrize2019.
Tabichigivesaway80%ofhisincometohelpthepooreststudentsatthepoorly-equippedandovercrowdedschoolwhocouldnototherwiseafforduniformsandbooks.Morethan90%ofhisstudentsarefrompoorfamiliesandalmostathirdareorphansorhaveonlyoneparent.Drugabuse,teenagepregnancies,leavingofftheirstudies,youngmarriagesandsuicidearecommon.Studentshavetowalk7kmalongroadsthatcanbecomeimpassableintherainyseasontoreachtheschoolandtheareacanbeaffectedbydroughtandstarvation.
Despiteonlyhavingonecomputer,apoorInternetconnectionandastudent-teacherratioof58:
1,Tabichistarteda"talentnurturingclub"andexpandedtheschool'sscienceclub,helpingstudentsdesignresearchprojectsofsuchqualitythatmanynowqualifyfornationalcompetitions.
HisstudentshavetakenpartininternationalsciencecompetitionsandwonanawardfromtheRoyalSocietyofChemistryafterusinglocalplantlifetogenerateelectricity.Tabichiandfourcolleaguesalsogivestrugglingstudentsone-to-onetuitioninmathsandscience,visitingstudents'homesandmeetingtheirfamiliestoidentifythechallengestheyface.
Acceptingtheprize,TabichisaidAfrica'syoungpeoplewouldnolongerbeheldbackbylowexpectations."Africawillproducescientists,engineersandentrepreneurswhosenameswillbeonedayfamousineverycorneroftheworld."hesaid.
（1）WhatmadePeterTabichiwintheprizein2019?
A. Givingaway$1milliontoeducation.
B. Teachinginsecondaryschoolsfor36years.
C. FightingdroughtandstarvationinAfrica. D. HelpingthepoorerstudentsinruralKenya.
（2）WhydidTabichistartthe"talentnurturingclub"?
A. Tocontributemostofhisincome.
B. Toexpandnationalcompetitions.
C. Toguidestudentstodesignresearchprojects.
D. Toencouragestudentstograspopportunities.
（3）WhichofthefollowingbestdescribesPeterTabichiasateacher?
A. Independent.
B. Caring.
C. Humorous.
D. Interesting.
（4）Whatcanweinferfromthelastparagraph?
A. Africaneducationcostisexpectedtogetlower.
B. Africaisindesperateneedofyoungscientists.
C. Tabichiisnotpleaseduntilheisknownworldwide.
D. TabichihashighexpectationsforyoungAfricans.
【答案】
（1）D
（2）C
（3）B
（4）D
【解析】【分析】本文是一篇新闻报道，肯尼亚农村教师彼得·塔比奇由于资助贫困学生获得了世界最佳教师奖。
（1）考查推理判断。
根据第一段中的“AscienceteacherfromruralKenyawhogivesawaymostofhissalarytohelppoorerstudentshasbeenawardedtheworld'sbestteacherand$1million,beating10,000nominationsfrom179countries.”一名来自肯尼亚农村的科学教师获得了世界最佳教师奖，并获得了100万美元的奖金，他将自己的大部分工资捐给了贫困学生。
可推知，助肯尼亚农村贫困学生让彼得·塔比奇赢得了2019年世界最佳教师奖。
故选D。
（2）考查细节理解。
根据第三段中的“Despiteonl
升级会员 