届高三英语百所名校好题速递分项解析汇编第02期专题01 阅读理解教师版.docx
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届高三英语百所名校好题速递分项解析汇编第02期专题01阅读理解教师版
2019届高考模拟试题分类汇编
（2）之阅读理解
Butdolphinsareverydifferentfromalmostalllandanimals.Theirbrainisnearlythesamesizeasourown,andtheylivealongtime---atleasttwentyorthirtyyears.
Likesomeanimals,dolphinsusesoundtohelpthemfindtheirwayaround.Theyalsomakethesesoundstotalktoeachotherandtohelpthemfindfood.Wenowknowtheydonotusetheirearstoreceivethesesounds,butthelowerpartofthemouth,calledthejaw.
Strangely,dolphinsseemtolikeman,andforthousandsofyearstherehavebeenstoriesaboutthedolphinanditsfriendshipwithpeople.
Thereisastoryaboutsailorsinthe19thcentury.InadangerouspartoftheseaoffthecoastofNewZealand,theylearnttolookforadolphincalledJack.From1871to1903Jackmeteveryboatintheareaandshowedittheway.Thenin1903apassengeronaboatcalledThePenguinshotandwoundedJack.Herecoveredandfornineyearsmorecontinuedtoguideallshipsthroughthearea－exceptforThePenguin.
Today,somepeoplecontinuetokilldolphins,butmanycountriesoftheworldnowprotectthemandintheseplacesitisagainstthelawtokillthem.
21.BytellingthestoryofJackthewriterwantedtoshowthat_____.
A.peoplearecrueltoanimals
B.dolphinsarefriendlyandclever
C.Jackisdifferentfromotherdolphins
D.dolphinsshouldbeprotectedbylaw
22.Dolphinsaredifferentfrommanyotheranimalsinthatthey_____.
A.liveingroupsB.havetheirownlanguage
C.arewarm-bloodedD.havelargebrains
23.Whichofthefollowingdoesthedolphinusetohelpitfinditswayaround?
A.Itsmouth.B.Itsears.C.Itsnose.D.Itseyes.
24.WhydidthesailorsoffthecoastofNewZealandlookforJack?
A.Theywantedhishelp.B.Theyenjoyedplayingwithhim.
C.Hewasseriouslywounded.D.Hewaslonelyandlikedtobewithpeople
【答案】
21.B
22.D
23.A
24.A
22.D细节题：
由第一段第五句Theirbrainisnearlythesamesizeasourown,可知海豚与其他动物最大的不同就是他们的脑子和人类的脑子几乎一样大，故选D。
23.A细节题。
由第一段第六句dolphinsusesoundtohelpthemfindtheirwayaround.可知海豚是通过声音确定方向的，故选A。
24.A细节题。
由第三段Jackmeteveryboatintheareaandshowedittheway.可知海员们寻找Jack的原因是Jack为这些航船在危险航段指明方向，故选A。
【名师点评】以细节题的考查为主，要求考生准确阅读文章，在确定考查内容所在文章位置的时候，要根据上下文的语义串联来确定答案。
考点：
考查说明文阅读
B
Theyoungboywassittingonthegroundintherefugee（难民）campplayingwithanemptytin．Otherchildrenwerestandingaroundwatchinghimwithenviouseyes．
Envy?
Ofanemptytin?
Thistinwasindeednoworthlesspieceoftrash—itwasasplendidtruck，completewithwheelsandgrille（铁栅）andfloor．Thevehicleevenhadremotecontrol，afrayedpieceofstringfromthe“engine”tothehandoftheowner．
Thetinhadlostallitsoriginalmarkings．Butitsfirstloadhadprobablybeensardines（沙丁鱼）．Laterthetinhadbeenleftwithotherrubbishbehindtherefugeecampclinic，andtheboyhadfounditononeofhisdailyexpeditionsintothe“bigworld”．
Forthousandsofrefugeechildren，atin1ikethisrateshighontheirlistofwants．Itcanbeusedformanypurposes，asjewellery，asatoy，fordrinkingorasamedicinebox．
Manyrefugeechildrenwouldconsideritthehappiestdayoftheirlivesiftheyreceivedahandfulofmarbles（弹珠）asapresent．
Theydreamofgiftswhichchildrenindevelopedcountriestakeforgranted．Maybeabooktoread．orapencilandanexercisebookoftheirveryown．
Theirimaginationcancreatetoys，butitcannotcreatebooks．Someoneelsemustprovidethem．Amorecostlyandvaluablegifttheycannotimagine．
25.Howdoyouthinktheyoungboymayfeelwhenhegetssomethingtoread?
A.depressedB.frustratedC.excitedD.frightened
26．Otherchildrenenviedtheyoungboybecausetheboy．
A．hadsomethingtoplaywithB．gotsomesardinestoeat
C．receivedahandfulofmarblesD．hadarealtrucktoy
27．Whatisimpliedinthelastparagraphofthetext?
A．Thesocietyshoulddonate（捐）sometoysfortherefugeechildren
B．Therefugeechildrenaremoreimaginativeratherthancreative
C．Therefugeechildrenaremorecreativeratherthanimaginative
D．Thesocietyshouldoffertherefugeechildrenthingsforstudy
28．Whichofthefollowingwouldbethebesttitleforthepassage?
A．AnEnviableToyPresentB.SardineTin—APreciousToy
C．ASplendidTruckToyD．APoorRefugeeCam
【答案】
25.C
26.A
27.D
28.B
26.A考查推理判断。
根据五、六段可知，难民营中的孩子对于微不足道的“玩具”都视若珍宝。
孩子们羡慕他，是因为“有可玩的东西”。
27.D考查细节理解。
最后一段“他们的想象力，可以创造的玩具，但它无法创建书籍。
其他人必须提供给他们”，可知D项正确。
28.B考查主旨大意。
本文讲述了难民营中的孩子对于微不足道的“玩具”都视若珍宝。
B项作标题恰当。
【学法指导】
归纳文章中心的关键是抓住文章主线和关键词语。
要注意不是所有的段落都有主题句，有时主题句暗含在句中。
阅读这样的文章，就需要自己根据文章的细节来分析，概括出段落的主题，从而推导出文章的主旨。
分析的方法是：
先弄清该段落主要讲了哪几方面的内容，这些内容在逻辑上有什么联系，然后加以归纳形成主题。
28小题B考查主旨大意。
本文讲述了难民营中的孩子对于微不足道的“玩具”都视若珍宝。
B项作标题恰当。
考点：
考查人生感悟类阅读
C
Aqualifieddoctorwhorarelypracticedbutinsteaddevotedhislifetowriting.Heoncesaid：
“Medicineismylawfulwife,andliteratureismylover.”RussianwriterAntonPavlovichChekhov,wasagreatplaywrightandoneofthemastersofthemodernshortstory.
WhenChekhoventeredtheMoscowUniversityMedicalSchoolin1879,hestartedtopublishhundredsofcomicshortstoriestosupporthisfamily.Afterhegraduated,hewroteregularlyforalocaldailynewspaper.
Asawriterhewasextremelyfast,oftenproducingashortstoryinanhourorless.Chekhov’smedicalandscienceexperiencecanbeseenthroughtheindifference（冷漠）manyofhischaractersshowtotragicevents.In1892,hebecameafulltimewriterandpublishedsomeofhismostmemorablestories.
ChekhovoftenwroteaboutthesufferingsoflifeinsmalltownRussia.Tragiceventscontrolhischaracterswhoarefilledwithfeelingsofhopelessnessanddespair.
ItisoftensaidthatnothinghappensinChekhov’sstoriesandplays.Hemadeupforthiswithhisexcitingtechniquefordevelopingdramawithinhischaracters.Chekhov’sworkcombinedthecalmattitudeofascientistanddoctorwiththesensitivity（敏感）ofanartist.
SomeofChekhov'sworksweretranslatedintoChineseasearlyasthe1940s.Oneofhisfamousstories,TheManinaShell,aboutaschoolteacher’sextraordinarilyorderlylife,wasselectedasatextforChineseseniorstudents.
29.Whichofthefollowingistherightorderoftheevents?
a.becameadoctor
b.becameafulltimewriter
c.startedtopublishcomicshortstories
d.wroteregularlyforalocaldailynewspaper.
e.enteredtheMoscowUniversityMedicalSchool
A.e→c→b→a→dB.e→c→a→d→b
C.d→a→b→c→eD.a→e→d→c→b
30.AntonPavlovichChekhov________.
A.wasacompetentdoctorB.hadalawfullover
C.usedtobealawyerD.asanillegalwriter
31.In1880,Chekhov________.
A.becameafull-timewriter
B.publishedhismostmemorablestories
C.studiedmedicineinMoscowUniversity
D.practicedmedicineinhishometown
32.Whichofthefollowingadjectivescan’tbeusedtodescribeChekhov?
A.Sensitive.B.Cool.C.Quick-minded.D.Warm-hearted.
【答案】
29.B
30.A
31.C
32.D
【名师点睛】
事实询问题
事实询问题，这类试题通常以疑问词what/who/when/where/why/how引起的特殊问句，就文章中某一词语、某一句子、某一段落或某一具体细节和事实进行提问。
解答此类试题首先要弄清题目和每一个选项的含义，然后按题目要求寻找与之相关的细节，正确估计答案来源。
同时要注意题目和文章中的暗示作用，特别注意辨别各种信息，确认各种信息。
32小题D事实细节题。
文中讲到了他的品质有：
cool,sensitive（calmattitudeofascientistanddoctorwiththesensitivityofanartist）,quick-minded（extremelyfast,oftenproducingashortstoryinanhourorless），但没有涉及到warm-hearted这方面的品质。
考点：
考查人物传记类阅读
D
WaltWhitmanwasbornin1819inLongIsland,NewYork.Whitmanreceivedmostofhiseducationoutsideoftheclassroom.Attheageofeleven,heworkedinalawofficeasanofficeboywherehebecameinterestedinreading.HewassoonreadingtheworksoffamousauthorslikeWilliamShakespeareandHomer,andwaswellonhiswaytobecomingoneofAmerica’smostwell-knownpoets.
BythetimeWhitmanwasseventeenyearsold,hehadalreadyworkedasaprinter’slearner,aworker,andalearninggamestohelphisstudentswithspellingandmaths.Inhisearlytwenties,however,hegaveupteachingtopursue（追求）afull-timecareerasajournalistandpoet.
WhenWaltWhitmanfirstappearedasapoet,hisarrivalontotheAmericanliteraryscenewasmetwithcontroversy.Hisfirstcollectionofpoems,LeavesofGrass,wassounusualthatnocommercialpublisherwouldprintthework.In1855Whitmanpublished,athisownexpense,thefirsteditionofhiscollectionoftwelvepoems.
Whitman’spoeticstylewasuncommonIthesensethathewrotepoemsinaformcalledparallelism（对句法）,inwhichhisgoalwastocopytheflowoftheseaandthequickly-passingnatureofhumanemotion.AcommonthemeinWhitman’spoetryisself-realization.Inhiswork,Whitmanmovesfromconventionalpatternsofrhymetocreateauniquerhythmandamulti-layered,buttrulyAmericanvoice.
“AlthoughWhitmanwasconsideredarevolutionarybymany,thereislittledoubthelovedhiscountrydeeply.”Inhiswriting,heusedslang（俚语）andvariousimages,orvoices,tocreateasenseofnationalunity.
ForWhitman,the“proofofapoetisthathiscountryabsorbshimasaffectionatelyashehasabsorbedit.”WhitmanhasundoubtedlybecomeapartoftheculturalhistoryandimageofAmerica.
33.Paragraph2mainlytalksabout____________.
A.Whitman’seducationB.Whitman’searlycareer
C.howWhitmanbecameapoetD.whyWhitman’spoemswerepopular
34.WhenWhitmanfirstappearedasapoet,______________.
A.hereceivedawarmwelcomeB.hisliteraryroadwasnoteasy
C.hebecamefamousforhisunusualstyleD.hispoeticstylewascopiedbyotherpoets
35.WhatwasWhitman’sgreatestliterarycontribution?
A.Heexpressedhumanemotioninhiswriting.
B.Heshowedthatflowoftheseainhispoems.
C.Heusedslangtoshowhisloveforhiscountry.
D.HecreatedauniquerhythmandAnAmericanvoice.
【答案】
33.B
34.B
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