公共英语等级考试四级模拟冲刺题及答案.docx

公共英语等级考试四级模拟冲刺题及答案.docx

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公共英语等级考试四级模拟冲刺题及答案

2022年公共英语等级考试四级模拟冲刺题及答案

PassageTwo

Hawaii”snativeminorityisdemandingagreaterdegreeofsovereigntyoveritsownaffairs.Butmuchofthearchipelago”spoliticalestablishment,whichincludestheWhiteAmericanswhodominateduntilthesecondworldwarandpeopleofJapanese,ChineseandFilipinoorigins,isopposedtotheidea.

TheislandswereannexedbytheUSin1898andsincethenHawaii”snativepeopleshavefaredworsethananyofitsotherethnicgroups.Theymakeupover60percentofthestate”shomeless,sufferhigherlevelsofunemploymentandtheirlifespanisfiveyearslessthantheaverageHawaiians.TheyaretheonlymajorUSnativegroupwithoutsomedegreeofautonomy.

ButasovereigntyadvisorycommitteesetupbyHawaii”sfirstnativegovernor,JoahnWaihee,hasgiventhenatives”causeamajorboostbyrecommendingthattheHawaiiannativesdecidebythemselveswhethertoreestablishasovereignHawaiiannation.

However,theHawaiiannativesarenotunitedintheirdemands.Somejustwantgreaterautonomywithinthestate--asenjoyedbymanyAmericanIndiannativesovermatterssuchaseducation.ThisisapositionsupportedbytheOfficeofHawaiianAffairs（OHA）,astateagencysetupin1978torepresentthenatives”interestsandwhichhasnowbecomethemoderatefaceofthenativesovereigntymovement.MoreambitiousistheKaLahuigroup,whichdeclareditselfanewnationin1987andwantsfull,officialindependencefromtheUS.

ButifHawaiiannativesaregivengreaterautonomy,itisfarfromclearhowmanypeoplethiswillapplyto.Thestateauthoritiesonlycountasnativethosepeoplewithmorethan50percentHawaiianblood.

Nativedemandsarenotjustbasedonpoliticalgrievances,though.Theyalsowanttheirclaimon660,000hectaresofHawaiiancrownlandtobeaccepted.Itisonthisissuethatnativegroupsarefacingmostoppositionfromthestateauthorities.In1933,thestategovernmentpaidtheOHAUS136millioninbackrentonthecrownlandandmanyofficialssaythatbyacceptingthispaymenttheagencyhasgivenupitsclaimstolegallyowntheland.TheOHAhasvigorouslydisputedthis.

1.Hawaii”snativeminorityrefersto_________________.

A.Hawaii”sethnicgroups

B.peopleofFilipinoorigin

C.theKaLahuigroup

D.peoplewithmorethan50%Hawaiianblood

2.WhichofthefollowingstatementsistrueoftheHawaiiannatives?

A.Sixtypercentofthemarehomelessorunemployed.

B.theirlifespanis5yearsshorterthanaverageAmericans.

C.TheirlifeisworsethanthatofotherethnicgroupsinHawaii.

D.Theyaretheonlynativegroupwithoutsovereignty.

3.WhichofthefollowingisNOTtrueofJohnWaihee?

A.HeisHawaii”sfirstnativegovernor.

B.Hehassetupasovereigntyadvisorycommittee.

C.Hesuggestedthenativepeopledecideforthemselves.

D.Heisleadingthelocalindependencemovement.

4.Whichofthefollowinggroupsholdsalessradicalattitudeonthematterofsovereignty?

A.AmericanIndiannatives.

B.OfficeofHawaiianAffairs.

C.TheKaLahuigroup.

D.TheHawaiiannatives.

5.VariousnativeHawaiiansdemandallthefollowingEXCEPT____________.

A.agreaterautonomywithinthestate

B.morebackrentonthecrownland

C.aclaimontheHawaiiancrownland

D.fullindependencefromtheUS

　　PassageThree

Thepercentageofimmigrants（includingthoseunlawfullypresent）intheUnitedstateshasbeencreepingupwardforyears.At12.6percent,itisnowhigherthanatanypointsincethemid1920s.

WearenotabouttogobacktothedayswhenCongressopenlyworriedaboutinferiorracespollutingAmerica’sbloodstream.Butonceagainwearewonderingwhetherwehavetoomanyofthewrongsortnewcomers.Theirloudestcriticsarguethatthenewwaveofimmigrantscannot,andindeeddonotwantto,fitinaspreviousgenerationsdid.

Wenowknowthattheseracistviewswerewrong.Intime,Italians,Romaniansandmembersofotherso-calledinferiorracesbecameexemplaryAmericansandcontributedgreatly,inwaystoonumeroustodetail,tothebuildingofthismagnificentnation.Thereisnoreasonwhythesenewimmigrantsshouldnothavethesamesuccess.

AlthoughchildrenofMexicanimmigrantsdobetter,intermsofeducationalandprofessionalattainment,thantheirparentsUCLAsociologistEdwardTelleshasfoundthatthegainsdon’tcontinue.Indeed,thefouthgenerationismarginallyworseoffthanthethirdJamesJackson,oftheUniversityofMichigan,hasfoundasimilartrendamongblackCaribbeanimmigrants,TellsfearsthatMexican-AmericansmaybefatedtofollowinthefootstepsofAmericanblacks-thatlargepartsofthecommunitymaybecomemired（陷入）inaseeminglypermanentstateofpovertyandUnderachievement.LikeAfrican-Americans,Mexican-Americansareincreasinglyrelegatedto（降入）segregated,substandardschools,andtheirdropoutrateisthehighestforanyethnicgroupinthecountry.

Wehavelearnedmuchaboutthefoolishideaofexcludingpeopleonthepresumptionoftheethnic/racialinferiority.ButwhatwehavenotyetlearnedishowtomaketheprocessofAmericanizationworkforall.IamnottalkingaboutrequiringpeopletolearnEnglishortoadoptAmericanways;thosethingshappenprettymuchontheirown,butasargumentsaboutimmigrationhearupthecampaigntrail,wealsooughttoasksomebroaderquestionaboutassimilation,abouthowtoensurethatpeople,onceoutsiders,don’tforeverremainmarginalizedwithintheseshores.

Thatisamuchlargerquestionthanwhatshouldhappenwithundocumentedworkers,orhowbesttosecuretheborder,anditisonethataffectsnotonlynewcomersbutgroupsthathavebeenhereforgenerations.Itwillhavemoreimpactonourfuturethanwherewedecidetosettheadmissionsbarforthelatestwareofwould-beAmericans.Anditwouldbeniceifwefinallygottheanswerright.

1.HowwereimmigrantsviewedbyU.S.Congressinearlydays?

A）Theywereofinferiorraces.

B）TheywereaSourceofpoliticalcorruption.

C）Theywereathreattothenation’ssecurity.

D）Theywerepartofthenation’sbloodstream.

2.Whatdoestheauthorthinkofthenewimmigrants?

A）TheywillbeadynamicworkforceintheU.S.

B）Theycandojustaswellastheirpredecessors.

C）Theywillbeverydisappointedonthenewland.

D）Theymayfindithardtofitintothemainstream.

3.WhatdoesEdwardTelles’researchsayaboutMexican-Americans?

A）Theymayslowlyimprovefromgenerationtogeneration.

B）Theywilldobetterintermsofeducationalattainment.

C）TheywillmeltintotheAfrican-Americancommunity.

D）Theymayforeverremainpoorandunderachieving.

4.Whatshouldbedonetohelpthenewimmigrants?

A）Ridthemoftheirinferioritycomplex.

B）UrgethemtoadoptAmericancustoms.

C）Preventthemfrombeingmarginalized.

D）TeachthemstandardAmericanEnglish.

5.Accordingtotheauthor,theburningissueconcerningimmigrationis_______.

A）HowtodealwithpeopleenteringtheU.S.withoutdocuments

B）HowtohelpimmigrantstobetterfitintoAmericansociety

C）Howtostopillegalimmigrantsfromcrossingtheborder

D）HowtolimitthenumberofimmigrantstoentertheU.S.

　PassageFour

Earlyintheageofaffluence（富有）thatfollowedWorldWarⅡ，anAmericanretailinganalystnamedVictorLebowproclaimed,“Ourenormouslyproductiveeconomy...demandsthatwemakeconsumptionourwayoflife,thatweconvertthebuyinganduseofgoodsintorituals,thatweseekourspiritualsatisfaction,ouregosatisfaction,inconsumption.Weneedthingsconsumed,burnedup,wornout,replacedanddiscardedataneverincreasingrate.“　AmericanshaverespondedtoLebow”scall,andmuchoftheworldhasfollowed.Consumptionhasbecomeacentralpillaroflifeinindustriallandsandisevenembeddedinsocialvalues.Opinionsurveysintheworld”stwolargesteconomics-JapanandtheUnitedStates-showconsumeristdefinitionsofsuccessbecomingevermoreprevalent.　Overconsumptionbytheworld”sfortunateisanenvironmentalproblemunmatchedinseveritybyanythingbutperhapspopulationgrowth.Theirsurgingexploitationofresourcesthreatenstoexhaustorunalterablyspoilforests,soils,water,airandclimate.　Ironically,highconsumptionmaybeamixedblessinginhumanterms,too.Thetime-honoredvaluesofintegrityofcharacter,goodwork,friendship,familyandcommunityhaveoftenbeensacrificedintherushtoriches.　Thusmanyintheindustriallandshaveasensethattheirworldofplentyissomehowhollow,thatmisledbyaconsumeristculture,theyhavebeenfruitlesslyattemptingtosatisfywhatareessentiallysocial,psychologicalandspiritualneedswithmaterialthings.　Ofcourse,theoppositeofoverconsumption,poverty,isnosolutiontoeitherenvironmentalorhumanproblems.Itisinfinitelyworseforpeopleandbadforthenaturalworldtoo.Dispossessed（被剥夺得一无全部的）peasantsslash,andburntheirwayintotherainforestsofLatinAmerica,andhungrynomads（游牧民族）turntheirherdsoutontofragileAfricangrassland,reducingittodesert.　Ifenvironmentaldestructionresultswhenpeoplehaveeithertoolittleortoomuch,wearelefttowonderhowmuchisenough.Whatlevelofconsumptioncantheearthsupport?

Whendosehavingmoreceasetoaddnoticeablytohumansatisfaction?

1.TheemergenceoftheaffluentsocietyafterWorldWarII.

A）ledtothereformoftheretailingsystem

B）resultedintheworshipofconsumerism

C）verisetothedominanceofthenewegoism

D）gavebirthtoanewgenerationofupperclassconsumers

2.Apartfromenormousproductivity,anotherimportantimpetustohigh