高中语法虚拟语气和it用法含习题.docx

高中语法虚拟语气和it用法含习题.docx

《高中语法虚拟语气和it用法含习题.docx》由会员分享，可在线阅读，更多相关《高中语法虚拟语气和it用法含习题.docx（20页珍藏版）》请在冰豆网上搜索。

高中语法虚拟语气和it用法含习题

虚拟语气讲义

I、虚拟语气在条件句中的应用

1.条件从句和主句中谓语动词形式表

情景

条件从句

主句

与现在事实相反

动词的过去式；be的过去式一般都用were

would/could/might/should+do

与过去事实相反

had+过去分词

would/could/might/should+have+过去分词

与将来事实相反

should+do;weretodo;did（were）

would/could/might/should+do

2.基本用法

（1）与现在事实相反

IwouldcertainlygoifIhadthetime.（ThefactisthatIhavenotime.）

Ifhewerehere,everythingwouldbeallright.（Heisnothereinfact.）

（2）与过去事实相反

IfIhadleftalittleearlier,Iwouldhavecaughtthetrain.

IwouldhavemadeabadmistakeifIhadn’ttakenyouradvice.

（3）与将来事实相反

IfIweretodoit,Iwoulddoitinadifferentway.（Iwillnotdoit.

Wewouldn’tlosecourageevenifweshouldfailagain.

3.特殊结构的虚拟条件句

（1）Ifitwerenotfor…Ifithadnotbeenfor…butfor…相当于without

例如：

Ifitwerenotforyourhelp,Icouldnevergotocollege.

Butforthecaptain,theshipwouldhavesunkwithallthepassengersonboard.

IfithadnotbeenforthePLAmen,hishometownmighthavebeendestroyedbythebigflood.

（2）假设的情况通过上下文表示出来

Iwasillthatday.OtherwiseIwouldhavetakenpartintheprocession.

IwouldhavecalledonyouduringmystayinHongkong,butIdidn’tknowyouraddress.

Youwerenotontheplane,oryouwouldhavebeenkilled.

Withoutelectricity,therewouldbenomodernindustry.

（3）如果条件句中有动词were,had,或should，可省略if,把这些动词放在主语前面

Hadtheytime,theywouldcertainlycomeandhelpus.（=Iftheyhadtime,they….）

ShouldIbefreetomorrow,Iwouldcometoattendyourmeeting.（=IfIshouldbefree,I….）

WereIinyourposition,Iwouldn’tlethimgothere.

（4）错综条件句、混合条件句

在有些虚拟条件句中，虚拟的主句动作与从句动作并不在同一时间发生，这种从句与主句动作发生时间不一致的虚拟条件句称为错综时间条件句或叫混合条件句。

这时从句与主句按各自发生的时间构成相应的虚拟式。

Ifyouhadfollowedmyadvice,youwouldnotbeinsuchtroublenow.

Ifhehadtoldmehistelephonenumberyesterday,Iwouldbeabletoringhimupnow.

II、虚拟语气在宾语从句中的应用

在表示建议、要求、命令等动词的宾语从句中，从句中常用（should）do形式。

（suggest,require,demand,order,command,request,ask,insist…）例如：

Irequirethathecomebyten.

ThedoctorsuggestedthathisunclenotgoonthattriptoLondon.

Theheadmasterasked/demandedthatallthestudentsattendthemeeting.

Theofficerorderedthatthesoldiersshouldstartoutatonce.

（1）在这些动词构成的主语从句中也用虚拟语气

Itissuggestedthatwe（should）geteverythingreadybytonight.

ItwasorderedthatnolanguageshouldbetaughtinthatschoolexceptGerman.

（2）在Itisnecessary/important/strange/apity…that从句中也用虚拟语气

Itisnecessarythathe（should）besentthereatonce.

Itisstrangethatsheshouldhavefailedtoseeherownshortcomings.

（3）由这些动词转化来的名词后的同位语从句或表语从句中也用虚拟语气。

Mysuggestionisthatwe（should）sendafewcomradestohelptheothergroups.

Whatdoyouthinkofthesuggestionthatwe（should）putonaplayattheEnglishevening?

注1：

suggest当“暗示、说明”时，不用虚拟语气。

如：

Theexpressiononhisfacesuggestedthathewashappy.

注2：

insist表示“强调说”时不用虚拟语气。

如：

Sheinsistedthatshewasrightwhensheinsistedthatthepatientshouldbesenttohospitalimmediately.

III.虚拟语气在某些单词和短语中的应用

（1）It’s（high）timethat…①did（were）②shoulddo

It’stimeyouwenttobed.Youlooksotired.

It’shightimethatyouthoughtofyourfuture.

（2）asif/though①did（were）现在②haddone过去

Theytalked（aretalking）asiftheyhadbeenfriendsforyears.

Itseemsasif/thoughitwerespringalready.

（3）wish①did（were）现在②haddone过去③would/could/might/shoulddo将来

IwishIhelpedyoueveryday.

IwishIwould/couldhelpyoutomorrow.

IwishIhadhelpedyouyesterday.

（4）wouldrather①haddone过去②did（were）现在，将来

Iwouldratheryoucamenextweekend.

I’dratheryouhadn’tdonethat.

（5）ifonly①haddone过去②did（were）现在，将来

IfonlyIwereyounger!

IfonlyIhadlistenedtoyouradviceatthattime!

虚拟语气练习

1.Ifonlyhe____quietlyasthedoctorinstructed,hewouldnotsuffersomuchnow.

A.liesB.layC.hadlainD.shouldlie

2.HowIwisheveryfamily____alargehousewithabeautifulgarden.

A.hasB.hadC.willhaveD.hadhad

3.Youdidnotletmedrive.Ifwe____inturn,you____sotired.

A.drove;didn’tgetB.drove;wouldn’tget

C.weredriving;wouldn’tgetD.haddriven;wouldn’thavegot

4._____itraintomorrow,wewouldhavetoputoffthevisittotheYangpuBridge.

A.WereB.ShouldC.WouldD.Will

5.---I’lltellMaryabouthernewjobtomorrow.

---You_____herlastweek.

A.oughttotellB.wouldhavetoldC.musttellD.shouldhavetold

6.Whenapencilispartlyinaglassofwater,itlooksasifit____.

A.breaksB.hasbrokenC.werebrokenD.hadbeenbroken

7.Iinsisted_____toseeadoctor,butheinsistednothing___wrongwithhim.

A.onhimtogo;shouldbeB.hewent;be

C.hego;wasD.heshouldgo;is

8.ItishardformetoimaginewhatIwouldbedoingtodayifI_____inloveattheageof

seven,withtheMelindaCoxlibraryinmyhometown.

A.wouldn’thavefallenB.hadnotfallen

C.shouldfallD.weretofall

9.Iarrivedlate;I_____theroadtobesoicy.

A.wouldn’texpectB.haven’texpected

C.hadn’texpectedD.wasn’texpecting

10.Iwasillthatday,otherwiseI____thesportsmeet.

A.wouldhavetakenpartinB.tookpartin

C.hadtakenpartinD.wouldtakepartin

11.___theclouds,youwouldfindtheairplaneintheskyeasily.

A.HaditnotbeenforB.Ifitwerenot

C.IfithadnotbeenforD.Wereitnotfor

12.Ifmylawyer____herelastSunday,he____mefromgoing.

A.hadbeen,wouldhavepreventedB.hadbeen,wouldprevent

C.were,preventD.were,wouldhaveprevented

13.____hard,hewouldhavepassedtheexam.

A.IfheweretoworkB.Hadheworked

C.ShouldheworkD.Werehetowork

14.____today,hewouldgettherebyFriday.

A.WerehetoleaveB.Ifhehadleft

C.DidhetoleaveD.Hadheleft

15.Hadyoulistenedtothedoctor,you____allrightnow.

A.areB.wereC.wouldbeD.wouldhavebeen

16.Ididnotseeyoursisteratthemeeting.Ifshe____,shewouldhavemetmybrother.

A.hascomeB.didcomeC.comeD.hadcome

17.He____busyyesterday,orhe___youwithyourexperiment.

A.was,hadhelpedB.was,wouldhavehelped

C.hadbeen,wouldhavehelpedD.were,wouldhavehelped

18.Ifit____forthesnow,we____themountainyesterday.

A.werenot,couldhaveclimbB.werenot,couldclimb

C.hadnotbeen,couldhaveclimbedD.hadn’tbeen,couldclimb

19.Withoutelectricity,humanlife____quitedifficulttoday.

A.isB.willbeC.wouldhavebeenD.wouldbe

20.Iftherewerenosubjunctivemood,English_____mucheasier.

A.willbeB.wouldhavebeen

C.couldhavebeenD.wouldbe

21.Mike’sfather,aswellashismother,insistedhe____home.

A.stayedB.couldstayC.hasstayedD.stay

22.Itwasrequestedthattheplay____again.

A.shouldputonB.wouldputonC.beputonD.puton

23.Sheinsistedthatadoctor_____immediately.

A.hadsentforB.sendC.besentforD.wassent

24.---Didyouscoldhimforhiscarelessness.

----Yes,but____it

A.I’drathernotdoB.I’drathernothavedone

C.Ishould’tdoD.I’dbetternotdo

25.IfonlyI___mycar.

A.hadn’tlostB.wouldn’tloseC.didn’tloseD.haven’tlost

26.Butforwater,it____impossibletoliveintheearth.

A.isB.wouldbeC.wereD.wouldn’tbe

27.IfI_____plantodoanythingIwantto,I’dliketogotoTibetandtravelthroughasmuchofitaspossible.

A.wouldB.couldC.hadtoD.oughtto

28.Thekind-heartedcoupletreattheorphanverywellasthoughhe____theirownson.

A.isB.wereC.hadbeenD.shouldbe

29.---Don’tyouthinkitnecessarythathe_____toMiamibuttoNewYork?

---Iagree,buttheproblemis_____hehasrefusedto.

A.willnotbesent;thatB.notbesent;that

C.shouldnotbesent;whatD.shouldnotsent;what

30.Itishightimethatwe____ameetingtodiscussthisproblem.

A.holdB.heldC.haveheldD.hadheld

31.Thethiefclosedhiseyes____he____dying.

A.evenif,wasB.though,wouldbe

C.even,hadbeenD.asif,were

32.Iwishthatyou____suchabadheadachebecauseIamsurethatyouwouldhaveenjoyedtheconcert.

A.hadnotB.didnothavehadC.hadn’thadD.hadn’thave

33.Thechairmaninsistedthatwe____thequestionagain.

A.willdiscussB.todiscuss

C.shoulddiscussD.willbediscussed

34.Herequestedthatthestudents____themgetincrops.

A.helpB.tohelpC.helpedD.helping

35.Theguardatthegateinsistedthateverybody_____therules.

A.obeysB.obeyC.willobeyD.wouldobey

36.IwishI____herethen.

A.wasB.hadbeenC.wereD.wouldbe

37.Itisstrangethathe____backsoearly.

A.cameB.willcomeC.hadcomeD.shouldhavecome

38.MothersuggestedthatI___myhomeworkfirstbeforewatchingTV.

A.didB.doC.shalldoD.havedone

39.Mysuggestionisthatthemeeting____offtillnestSunday.

A.beputB.putC.shouldputD.hadbeenput

40.HeistalkingsomuchaboutAmericaasifhe____there.

A.hadbeenB.hasbeenC.wasD.been

高中英语语法：

It的完整用法精讲

　　it可用作人称代词、指示代词、先行词及引导词等。

　　1. 人称代词it，是第三人称单数中性，代表前文已提到过的一件事物。

如：

　　1）Thatvaseisvaluable.It'smorethan200yearsold.  那个花瓶很珍贵，它有200多年的历史。

　　2）Iloveswimming.Itkeepsmefit.我喜欢游泳，它能使我保持健康。

　　当说话者不清楚或无必要知道说话对象的性别时，也可用it来表示。

  如：

　　3）It'salovelybaby.Isitaboyoragirl?

 宝宝真可爱，是男孩还是女孩？

　　it可用来指代团体。

如：

　　4）Thecommitteehasmetandithasrejectedtheproposal. 委员会已开过会，拒绝了这项建议。

　　it用以代替指示代词th