高中语法虚拟语气和it用法含习题.docx

1、高中语法虚拟语气和it用法含习题虚拟语气讲义I、虚拟语气在条件句中的应用1. 条件从句和主句中谓语动词形式表情景条件从句主句与现在事实相反动词的过去式；be的过去式一般都用werewould/could/might/should + do与过去事实相反had + 过去分词would/could/might/should+ have+过去分词与将来事实相反should + do; were to do;did(were)would/could/might/should + do2. 基本用法（1）与现在事实相反 I would certainly go if I had the time. (T

2、he fact is that I have no time.)If he were here, everything would be all right. (He is not here in fact.)（2）与过去事实相反If I had left a little earlier, I would have caught the train.I would have made a bad mistake if I hadnt taken your advice.（3）与将来事实相反If I were to do it, I would do it in a different way

3、. (I will not do it.We wouldnt lose courage even if we should fail again.3. 特殊结构的虚拟条件句（1）If it were not for If it had not been for but for 相当于without例如：If it were not for your help, I could never go to college.But for the captain, the ship would have sunk with all the passengers on board.If it had n

4、ot been for the PLA men, his hometown might have been destroyed by the big flood.（2） 假设的情况通过上下文表示出来I was ill that day. Otherwise I would have taken part in the procession.I would have called on you during my stay in Hongkong, but I didnt know your address.You were not on the plane, or you would have

5、 been killed.Without electricity, there would be no modern industry.（3） 如果条件句中有动词were, had, 或should，可省略if, 把这些动词放在主语前面Had they time, they would certainly come and help us. (= If they had time, they .)Should I be free tomorrow, I would come to attend your meeting. (= If I should be free, I .)Were I i

6、n your position, I wouldnt let him go there.（4） 错综条件句 、混合条件句在有些虚拟条件句中，虚拟的主句动作与从句动作并不在同一时间发生，这种从句与主句动作发生时间不一致的虚拟条件句称为错综时间条件句或叫混合条件句。这时从句与主句按各自发生的时间构成相应的虚拟式。If you had followed my advice, you would not be in such trouble now.If he had told me his telephone number yesterday, I would be able to ring him

7、 up now.II、 虚拟语气在宾语从句中的应用 在表示建议、要求、命令等动词的宾语从句中，从句中常用 (should) do 形式。(suggest, require, demand, order, command, request, ask, insist)例如： I require that he come by ten.The doctor suggested that his uncle not go on that trip to London.The headmaster asked / demanded that all the students attend the mee

8、ting.The officer ordered that the soldiers should start out at once.(1) 在这些动词构成的主语从句中也用虚拟语气It is suggested that we (should) get everything ready by tonight.It was ordered that no language should be taught in that school except German. (2) 在It is necessary / important / strange / a pitythat 从句中也用虚拟语气

9、It is necessary that he (should) be sent there at once.It is strange that she should have failed to see her own shortcomings.(3) 由这些动词转化来的名词后的同位语从句或表语从句中也用虚拟语气。My suggestion is that we (should) send a few comrades to help the other groups.What do you think of the suggestion that we (should) put on a

10、 play at the English evening?注1：suggest当“暗示、说明”时，不用虚拟语气。如：The expression on his face suggested that he was happy.注2：insist表示“强调说”时不用虚拟语气。如：She insisted that she was right when she insisted that the patient should be sent to hospital immediately.III. 虚拟语气在某些单词和短语中的应用（1）Its (high) time that did(were)

11、should doIts time you went to bed. You look so tired.Its high time that you thought of your future.（2）as if / though did(were)现在 had done过去They talked (are talking) as if they had been friends for years.It seems as if / though it were spring already.（3）wish did(were)现在 had done过去 would/could/might/s

12、hould do将来I wish I helped you every day.I wish I would / could help you tomorrow.I wish I had helped you yesterday.（4）would rather had done过去 did(were)现在，将来I would rather you came next weekend.Id rather you hadnt done that.（5）if only had done过去 did(were)现在，将来 If only I were younger! If only I had li

13、stened to your advice at that time!虚拟语气练习1. If only he _quietly as the doctor instructed, he would not suffer so much now. A. lies B. lay C. had lain D. should lie 2. How I wish every family _a large house with a beautiful garden. A. has B. had C. will have D. had had 3. You did not let me drive. If

14、 we _in turn, you _ so tired. A. drove; didnt get B. drove; wouldnt get C. were driving; wouldnt get D. had driven; wouldnt have got 4. _it rain tomorrow, we would have to put off the visit to the Yangpu Bridge. A. Were B. Should C. Would D. Will 5. -Ill tell Mary about her new job tomorrow. -You _

15、her last week.A. ought to tell B. would have told C. must tell D.should have told6. When a pencil is partly in a glass of water, it looks as if it_. A. breaks B. has broken C. were broken D. had been broken 7. I insisted _to see a doctor, but he insisted nothing _ wrong with him. A. on him to go; sh

16、ould be B. he went; be C. he go; was D. he should go; is 8. It is hard for me to imagine what I would be doing today if I _ in love at the age of seven, with the Melinda Cox library in my hometown.A. wouldnt have fallen B. had not fallenC. should fall D. were to fall9. I arrived late; I _ the road t

17、o be so icy.A. wouldnt expect B. havent expected C. hadnt expected D. wasnt expecting10. I was ill that day, otherwise I _ the sports meet. A. would have taken part in B. took part in C. had taken part in D. would take part in 11. _the clouds, you would find the airplane in the sky easily. A. Had it

18、 not been for B. If it were not C. If it had not been for D. Were it not for 12. If my lawyer _here last Sunday, he _ me from going. A. had been, would have prevented B. had been, would prevent C. were, prevent D. were, would have prevented 13. _hard, he would have passed the exam. A. If he were to

19、work B. Had he worked C. Should he work D. Were he to work 14. _today, he would get there by Friday. A. Were he to leave B. If he had left C. Did he to leave D. Had he left 15. Had you listened to the doctor, you _all right now. A. are B. were C. would be D. would have been 16. I did not see your si

20、ster at the meeting. If she _, she would have met my brother. A. has come B. did come C. come D. had come 17. He _busy yesterday, or he _you with your experiment. A. was, had helped B. was, would have helped C. had been, would have helped D. were, would have helped 18. If it _for the snow, we_ the m

21、ountain yesterday. A. were not, could have climb B. were not, could climb C. had not been, could have climbed D. hadnt been, could climb 19. Without electricity, human life _quite difficult today. A. is B. will be C. would have been D. would be 20. If there were no subjunctive mood, English _ much e

22、asier. A. will be B. would have beenC. could have been D. would be21. Mikes father, as well as his mother, insisted he _home. A. stayed B. could stay C. has stayed D. stay 22. It was requested that the play _again. A. should put on B. would put on C. be put on D. put on23. She insisted that a doctor

23、 _ immediately. A. had sent for B. send C. be sent for D. was sent 24. -Did you scold him for his carelessness. -Yes, but _it A. Id rather not do B. Id rather not have done C. I should t do D. Id better not do 25. If only I _my car. A. hadnt lost B. wouldnt lose C. didnt lose D. havent lost 26. But

24、for water, it _impossible to live in the earth. A. is B. would be C. were D. wouldnt be 27. If I _ plan to do anything I want to, Id like to go to Tibet and travel through as much of it as possible.A. would B. could C. had to D. ought to28. The kind-hearted couple treat the orphan very well as thoug

25、h he _ their own son. A. is B. were C. had been D. should be 29. -Dont you think it necessary that he _ to Miami but to New York? -I agree, but the problem is _ he has refused to.A. will not be sent; that B. not be sent; thatC. should not be sent; what D. should not sent; what30. It is high time tha

26、t we _ a meeting to discuss this problem. A. hold B. held C. have held D. had held 31. The thief closed his eyes _ he _dying. A. even if , was B. though, would be C. even, had been D. as if, were 32. I wish that you _ such a bad headache because I am sure that you would have enjoyed the concert. A.

27、had not B. did not have had C. hadnt had D.hadnt have 33. The chairman insisted that we _the question again. A. will discuss B. to discuss C. should discuss D. will be discussed 34. He requested that the students _them get in crops. A. help B. to help C. helped D. helping 35. The guard at the gate i

28、nsisted that everybody _the rules. A. obeys B. obey C. will obey D. would obey 36. I wish I _here then. A. was B. had been C. were D. would be 37. It is strange that he _back so early. A. came B. will come C. had come D. should have come 38. Mother suggested that I _my homework first before watching

29、 TV. A. did B. do C. shall do D. have done 39. My suggestion is that the meeting _off till nest Sunday. A. be put B. put C. should put D. had been put 40. He is talking so much about America as if he _ there. A. had been B. has been C. was D. been 高中英语语法：It的完整用法精讲it可用作人称代词、指示代词、先行词及引导词等。1. 人称代词it，是第

30、三人称单数中性，代表前文已提到过的一件事物。如：1）That vase is valuable. Its more than 200 years old. 那个花瓶很珍贵，它有200多年的历史。2）I love swimming. It keeps me fit. 我喜欢游泳，它能使我保持健康。当说话者不清楚或无必要知道说话对象的性别时，也可用it来表示。 如：3）Its a lovely baby. Is it a boy or a girl? 宝宝真可爱，是男孩还是女孩？it可用来指代团体。如：4）The committee has met and it has rejected the proposal. 委员会已开过会，拒绝了这项建议。it用以代替指示代词th