这是不可能的,所以可以假设所有的数据都是工作在速度饱和区域
所以:
由1&2
(
)所以1,2,3是在速度饱和区
由2&3
由2&41297/1146=[(2-Vt0)x0.6-o.62/2]/[(2-Vt)x0.6-0.62/2]
Vt=0.587V
由2&5Vt=0.691V
这两个值都满足Vt<1.4,所以表中的数据都是工作的速度饱和状态
由4&5和
可以计算出
和
得到W/L=1.5
3-7GivenTable0.2,thegoalistoderivetheimportantdeviceparametersfrom
thesedatapoints.Asthemeasuredtransistorisprocessedinadeep-submcirontechnology,the‘unifiedmodel’holds.Fromthematerialconstants,wealsocoulddeterminethatthesaturationvoltageVDSATequals-1V.Youmayalsoassumethat
-2ΦF=-0.6V.
NOTE:
TheparametervaluesonTable3.3doNOTholdforthisproblem.
a.IsthemeasuredtransistoraPMOSoranNMOSdevice?
Explainyouranswer.
b.DeterminethevalueofVT0.
c.Determineγ.
d.Determineλ.
e.Giventheobtainedanswers,determineforeachofthemeasurementstheoperationregionofthetransistor(choosefromcutoff,resistive,saturated,andvelocitysaturated).Annotate
yourfindingintheright-mostcolumnoftheabove.
解答:
a)这是PMOS器件
b)
比较各表中
的值知道1,4为工作在速度饱和状态
由1&4
Vt0=0.5V
c)由1&5和上面求出的Vt0的值:
1,5工作在速度饱和区域则:
(-84.375)/(-72.0)=[(-2.5-Vt0)*(-1)-12/2]/[(-2.5-Vt)*(-1)-12/2]
求出Vt,代入下面公式:
求出:
γ=0.538V1/2
d)由1&6,因为1,6均工作在速度饱和区域:
λ=0.05V-1
e)1-vel.Sat,2-cutoff,3-saturation,4-5-6vel.Sat,7-linear
3-8AnNMOSdeviceispluggedintothetestconfigurationshownbelowinFigure
0.4.TheinputVin=2V.Thecurrentsourcedrawsaconstantcurrentof50µA.Risavariable
resistorthatcanassumevaluesbetween10kΩand30kΩ.TransistorM1experiences
shortchanneleffectsandhasfollowingtransistorparameters:
k’=110*10-6V/A2,VT=0.4,
andVDSAT=0.6V.ThetransistorhasaW/L=2.5µ/0.25µ.Forsimplicitybodyeffectand
channellengthmodulationcanbeneglected.i.eλ=0,γ=0..
a.WhenR=10kΩfindtheoperationregion,VDandVS.
b.WhenR=30kΩagaindeterminetheoperationregionVD,VS
c.ForthecaseofR=10kΩ,wouldVSincreaseordecreaseifλ≠0.Explainqualitatively
解答:
1)当R=10k,VD=VDD-IR
VD=2.5-50x10-6x104=2.5-0.5=2V
假设器件工作在饱和区(需要以后验证)则:
=0.3V所以VGS=0.3+0.4=0.7V
VS=2-0.7=1.3V
Vmin=min(VGS-Vt,VDSAT,VDS)=min(0.3,0.6,0.7)=VGS-Vt所以是饱和区
VD=2V
VS=1.3Vsaturationoperation
b)VD=2.5-30x103x50x10-6=2.5-1.5=1V
assumelinearop:
Min(VGS-VT,VDS,VDSAT)=min((1-0.93-0.4).0.07,0)=VDSSOlinear
c)increase,R=10kΩ
R变化,则VD必须变化以保持电流稳定,
试图增加电流,而为了恒定电流值,VGS必须减小,即VS必须增加
1、(10)P137
Assumeaninverterinthegeneric0.25mmCMOStechnologydesignedwithaPMOS/NMOSratioof3.4andwiththeNMOStransistorminimumsize(W=0.375mm,L=0.25mm,W/L=1.5).VM=1.25V,pleasecomputeVIL,VIH,NML,NMH.theprocessparametersispresentedintable1
由此可以得到VIL,VIH,NML,NMH:
因为VIH=VM-VM/g,VIL=VM+(VDD-VM)/g
NMH=VDD-VIH,NML=VIL
VIL=1.2V,VIH=1.3V,NML=NMH=1.2
5.3、FortheinverterofFigure1andanoutputloadof3pF,atVout=2.5V,IDVsat=0.439mA,atVout=1.25V,IDvsat=0.41mA
fig1
a.Calculatetplh,tphl,andtp.
b.Aretherisingandfallingdelaysequal?
Whyorwhynot?
解答:
tpLH=0.69RLCL=155nsec.
对于tpHL:
首先计算RonforVoutat2.5Vand1.25V.
因为Vout=2.5V,IDVsat=0.439mA所以Ron=5695
当Vout=1.25V,IDvsat=0.41m所以Ron=3049.
这样,Vout=2.5VandVout=1.25V之间的平均电阻Raverage=4.372k.
tpLH=0.69RaverageCL=9.05nsec.
tp=av{tpLH,tpHL}=82.0nsec
b.Aretherisingandfallingdelaysequal?
Whyorwhynot?
Solution
tpLH>>tpHL因为RL=75k远大于有效线性电阻effectivelinearizedon-resistanceofM1.
5-5ThenextfigureshowstwoimplementationsofMOSinverters.Thefirstinverterusesonly
NMOStransistors.CalculateVOH,VOL,VMforeachcase.有的参数参考表1
解答:
电路A.
VOH:
当M1关掉,M2的阈值是:
当下面条件满足的时候,M2将关闭:
所以VOUT=VOH=1.765V
VOL:
假设VIN=VDD=2.5V.
我们期望VOUT为低,因此我们可以假设M2工作在速度饱和区,而M1工作在线性区域.
因为ID1=ID2,所以VOUT=VOL=0.263V,假设成立
VM:
当VM=VIN=VOUT.
假设两晶体管均工作在速度饱和区域,我们得到下面两个方程:
设ID1=ID2,得到VM=1.269V
电路B.
当VIN=0V,NMOS关掉,PMOS打开,并把VOUT拉到VDD,soVOH=2.5.同样,当VIN=2.5V,thePMOS关掉,NMOS把VOUT拉到地,所以VOL=0V.
为了计算VM:
VM=VIN=VOUT.
假设两晶体管均工作在速度饱和区域,可以得到下面两组方程.
设ID3+ID2=0,可以得到rVM=1.095V.
所以假设两晶体管均工作在速度饱和区域是正确的.
5-7ConsiderthecircuitinFigure5.5.DeviceM1isastandardNMOSdevice.DeviceM2hasall
thesamepropertiesasM1,exceptthatitsdevicethresholdvoltageisnegativeandhasavalue
of-0.4V.Assumethatallthecurrentequationsandinequalityequations(todeterminethe
modeofoperation)forthedepletiondeviceM2arethesameasaregularNMOS.Assumethat
theinputINhasa0Vto2.5Vswing.(VDSAT=0.63v)
a.DeviceM2hasitsgateterminalconnectedtoitssourceterminal.IfVIN=0V,whatisthe
outputvoltage?
Insteadystate,whatisthemodeofoperationofdeviceM2forthisinput?
b.ComputetheoutputvoltageforVIN=2.5V.YoumayassumethatVOUTissmalltosimplify
yourcalculation.Insteadystate,whatisthemodeofoperationofdeviceM2forthis
input?
解答a
当VIN=0V,M1则关掉.M2开,因为VGS=0>VTn2.所以没有电流通过M2,M2的源漏电压等于0,故M2工作在线性区域,所以VOUT=2.5V.
Solutionb
假设M1工作在线性区域,M2工作在速度饱和区域,这就意味:
因为Vout很小,所以可以忽略V2out/2,所以可以得到
因此我们的假设是合理的。
5-15Sizingachainofinverters.
a.Inordertodrivealargecapacitance(CL=20pF)fromaminimumsizegate(withinput
capacitanceCi=10fF),youdecidetointroduceatwo-stagedbufferasshowninFigure
,Assumethatthepropagationdelayofaminimumsizeinverteris70ps.Alsoassume
thattheinputcapacitanceofagateisproportionaltoitssize.Determinethesizingofthe
twoadditionalbufferstagesthatwillminimizethepropagationdelay.
b.Ifyoucouldaddanynumberofstagestoachievetheminimumdelay,howmanystages
wouldyouinsert?
Whatisthepropagationdelayinthiscase?
解答a:
当每个buffer的延迟相等的时候,可以得到最小延迟时间.此时每个buffer的尺寸系数分别为f,f2
解答b:
最小延迟时间发生在f=e的时候,因此
6-1Implementtheequation
usingcomplementaryCMOS.SizethedevicessothattheoutputresistanceisthesameasthatofaninverterwithanNMOSW/L=2andPMOSW/L=6.Whichinputpattern(s)wouldgivetheworstandbestequivalentpull-uporpull-downresistance?
解答:
因为
最坏的上拉电阻发生在,只有一个通路存在outputnodetoVdd.
如:
ABCDEFG=1111100and0101110.
最好的上拉电阻发生在:
ABCDEFG=0000000.
最坏的下拉电阻发生在,只有一个通路存在outputnodetoGND.
如:
ABCDEFG=0000001and0011110.
最好的下拉电阻发生在:
ABCDEFG=1111111.
5章
Assumeaninverterinthegeneric0.25mCMOStechnologydesignedwithaPMOS/NMOSratioof3.4andwiththeNMOStransistorminimumsize(W=0.375mm,L=0.25mm,W/L=1.5).PleasecomputeVIL,VIH,NML,NMH
theprocessparametersispresentedintable1
解:
我们首先计算在VM(=1.25V)的增益
所以:
VIL=1.2V,VIH=1.3V,NML=NMH=1.2
1.Howtodeducethatthepropagationdelayofagate?
p203
☐Keepcapacitances(CL)small
☐Increasetransistorsizes(W/L)
☐IncreaseVDD(seefigure5.22)
减小CL:
增加晶体管的W/L,提高VDD
2.DeterminethesizesoftheinvertersinthecircuitofFigure5.22,suchthatthedelaybetweennodesOutandInisminimized.YoumayassumethatCL=64Cg,1
P210
Figure5.22,
3.ForthecircuitofFigure4.11,assumethatadriverwithasourceresistanceof
isusedtodrivea10cmlong,1mmwideAl1wire.Andassumethatthetotallumpedcapacitanceforthiswireequals11pF.Whenapplyingastepinput(withVingoingfrom0tov),pleasecomputethepropagationdelayofthecircuit.P151
Figure4.11
解答:
4pleaseanalyzeintrinsiccapacitancesofMOSFETtransistor,writeoutthreesourcesofit,anddrawoutMOSFETtransistorcapacitancemodel.P112
答:
基本的MOS结构,沟道电荷以及漏和源反向偏置pn结的耗尽区。
电容器件模型如下:
5.pleasewriteouttheexpressionofequivalentresistanceReqofthecircuitinFigure1when(dis)chargingacapacitor.AssumingthatthesupplyvoltageVDDissubstantiallygreaterthanthevelocity-saturationvoltageVDSATofthetransistor.thechannel-lengthmodulationfactor(
)cannotbeignoredinthisanalysis,
areknownparameters.P105
解答:
Program
1.pleasewriteoutverilogcodeandtestbenchfora4bitup-counter
Modulecounter(clk,reset,enable,count);
Inputclk,reset,enable;
Output[3:
0]count;
Reg[3:
0]count;
Always@(posedgeclk)
If(reset==1’b1)
Count<=0;
Elseif(enable==1’b1)
Count<=count+1;
Endmodule
Modulecounter_tb;
Regclk,reset,enable;
Wire[3:
0]count;
CounterU0(clk,reset,enable,count);
Initial
Begin
Clk=0;
Reset=0;
Enable=0;
End
Always
#5clk=!
clk;
initial
begin
$monitor($time,,,“clk=%dreset=%denable=%dcount=%d”,clk,reset,enable,count);
#100$finish
end
endmodule
2.pleasewriteoutverilogcodeandtestbenchforabitfulladder
Moduleaddbit(a,b,ci,sum,co);
Inputa,b,ci;
Outputsum.co;
Wirea,b,ci,sum,co;
Assign{co,sum}=a+b+ci ;
Endmodu