名词性从句讲解与练习xin.docx

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名词性从句讲解与练习xin.docx

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名词性从句讲解与练习xin.docx

名词性从句讲解与练习xin

名词性从句

基本用法

一、定义:

名词性从句相当于名词,可分别作主句的主语、表语、宾语和同位语。

因此,名词性从句可分为主语从句、表语从句、宾语从句和同位语从句。

二、引导词:

1、种类:

有连词that/whether/asif,连接代词what/who/which/whose/whatever/whoever/whomever/whichever,连接副词where/when/why/how/wherever/whenever。

2、功能:

名词性从句的引导词一般都有意义且在从句中充当主语、宾语、状语等成分,但that引导名词性从句在从句中只起连接作用,无义且不作成分;whether/if引导名词性从句表“是否”之意,但在从句中不作成分。

3、that引导名词性从句的特殊用法。

1)、that引导主语从句、表语从句、同位语从句时不能省略。

如:

①ThattheyaregoodatEnglishisknowntousall.

②Theproblemisthatwedon’thaveenoughmoney.

SheexpressedthehopethattheywouldcometoChinaoneday.

2)、that引导宾语从句时可省,但在以下几种情况中不能省略:

①当that从句和主句谓语动词之间有插入词语或者从句主语之间有插入语时,that不可省略;

Hejudgedthat,becausehewasachild,hedidnotunderstandwine.

②当that从句与另一名词性从句并列作宾语时,that不能省;

Everyoneknewwhathappenedandthatshewasworried.

当that作介词宾语时,that不可省掉。

但that引导的宾语从句只有在except,in,but,besides等少数介词后偶尔可能用到;

e.g.Yourarticleisallrightexceptthatitistoolong.

Thereasonliesinthatsheworksharderthantheothersdo.

that从句作主语和宾语时,可以用it来替换成以下几种结构表达。

**that引导主语从句借助it作形式主语的情况:

It作主语的常用句型有:

A.It+be+形容词+that从句

B.It+be+名称词组(duty/pity..)+that从句

C.It+be+过去分词(said/thought..)+that从句

D.It+不及物动词(seem/happen..)+that从句

用形式主语it的主语从句常见结构

A.Itisclear(necessary,important,possible,remarkablethat…很清楚(必要,重要,可能,值得注意等)…

B.Itisafact(agoodthing,goodnews…)that…事实是(好事是,好消息是…)…

C.Itiswell-known(reported,recorded,estimated,said,believed)that…众所周知(据报道,,据记载,据说,据估计)…

D.Itturnsout(seems,happens,appears…)that…结果是(似乎是,碰巧是,好象是…)…

E.Ithasbeenfound(hasbeenproved,canbeseen,mustbepointedout)that…已发现(已证明,可以看出,需指出)…

如:

Itisapitythatwecan’tgoswimming.真可惜我们不能去游泳.

IthappenedthatIwasoutthatday.碰巧那天我外出了.

Itiscertainthathewilldowellintheexam.他考试肯定会考好.

Itissaidthathetoldhereverything.据说他已告诉了她一切.

***用it作形式宾语时,通常将宾语从句移至补语的后面,即:

“主+谓+it+宾语的补语+宾语从句”。

如:

Shemadeitarulethatshegotearlyeverymorning.

Shemadeitclearthatitwasnotherfault.

⑤that和what的区别。

that引导名词性从句时,在主从句中不以当任何句子成分,也没有任何含义;而what引导名词性从句时,在主从句中都要充当一定的句子成分,what可以分解成定语从句中的先行词+关系代词,即常说的先行词+that。

如:

It’sshamethathehasmadesuchamistake.

Dowhathesays=Doeverythingthathesays.

4、名词性从句与定语从句的区别。

1)、同位语从句与定于从句的区别

A.that引导的同位语从句:

(1)从先行词看

同位语从句与名词之间在逻辑上是“主语+be+表语”的关系。

该名词是需要做特殊说明的抽象名词。

例如:

Theyweredelightedatthenewsthattheirteamhadwon.

Thenewswasthattheirteamhadwon.

(2)从引导词来看

引导词that在同位语从句中是连词,只起连接作用,无具体词意,that不可省略;that在定语从句中是关系代词,它在从句中充当一定成分——主语或宾语,有具体词意,作宾语时还可以省略。

Thefactory(that)wevisitedyesterdayisachemicalone.

ThenewsthathewillleaveforShanghaiistrue.

B.when和where引导的同位语从句与定语从句的区别。

when和where前面的名词若是表示时间、地点的名词,则when和where引导的是定语从句,否则则为同位语从句。

如:

Theyputforwardthequestionwheretheycouldgetthemoney.(同位语从句)

Thisistheplacewheretheaccidenthappened.(定语从句)

5、名词性从句中主句和从句的时态、主谓一致情况

(1)宾语从句中主句和从句的时态保持一致,但如果从句中表示提示的是客观现象,虽然主句是过去时态,从句仍用一般现在时。

如:

Hello,Ididn’tknowyouwereinLondon.Howlonghaveyoubeenhere?

Theteachertoldusthatlighttravelsataveryhighspeed.

(2)主语从句作主语相当于单数第三人称作主语,谓语动词用单数,如果由and连接两个或两个以上的主语从句作主语时,谓语动词用复数;由两个或多个连接词引导一个主语从句,谓语动词用单数。

如:

Whenthemeetingwillbeginhasnotbeendecidedyet.

Whentheywillstartandwheretheygohavenotbeendecidedyet.

Whenandwherethemeetingwillbeginhasnotbeendecided.

6.、宾语从句(TheObjectClause)

宾语从句在复合句中起宾语作用,可以作动词的宾语,也可以作介词的宾语。

e.g.

1)、做动词的宾语

(1)大部分宾语从句直接跟在动词后:

e.g.Hedoesn'tknowwherethepostofficeis.

(2)有些宾语从句前要有间接宾语:

e.g.HetoldmewhatIshouldread.

(3)如果宾语从句后面有宾语补足语,要使用形式宾语it而将从句放到补足语后面;

e.g.Ithoughtitstrangethathefailedtocallme.

我觉得奇怪:

他没给我打电话。

(4)在think,believe,suppose,expect等动词之后的宾语从句中,如果从句谓语是否定含义,则不用否定形式,而将主句谓语动词think等变为否定形式;

e.g.Idon’tthinkyouareright.我想你是不对的。

(5)在think,believe,imagine,suppose,guess,hope等动词以及I’mafraid等后,可用so代替一个肯定的宾语从句,还可用not代替一个否定的宾语从句:

e.g.一Doyoubelieveitwillclearup?

你认为天气会转晴吗?

一Ibelieveso.我认为会这样。

Idon'tbelieveso.(或Ibelievenot.)

我认为不会这样。

2)、做介词的宾语:

Itdependsonwhetherwehaveenoughtime.

但that引导的宾语从句只有在except,in,but,besides等少数介词后偶尔可能用到;

e.g.Yourarticleisallrightexceptthatitistoolong.

7.because,asif,asthough引导的表语从句

because引导表语从句通常只用于“This/That/Itisbecause…”结构中。

asif/though引导的表语从句常置于连系动词look,seem,sound,be,become等后面,常用虚拟语气,表示不存在的动作或状态。

e.g.Itsoundsasif/thoughsomebodywasknockingatthedoor.

Myangerisbecauseyouhaven’twrittentomeforalongtime.

名词性从句是高考英语的重点考查内容之一,掌握其常见考点对提高应试技能很有益处。

高考常见考点:

一、陈述句语序问题:

名词性从句必须用陈述句的语序。

e.g.Ididn'tknowwhat____withher. 

A.wasthematterB.isthematterC.MatterD.thematteris              【A】

二、形式主语和形式宾语it的用法:

在英语中只有it可以做形式宾语,this/that不行。

e.g.Don‘ttakeitforgrantedthathewillhelpus.Hemakesitarulethathegetsupearlyeverymorning.

三、在某些动词,如think,expect,suppose,believe,guess等后的宾语从句中,如果是否定形式,其否定副词not要提前到主句谓语动词上。

e.g.Idon'tthinkheishonest.Idon'tbelievehecandoitalone.

五、whether和if的区别:

1)引导表语从句,同位语从句和主语从句,用whether,不用if。

e.g.

Thequestioniswhetherthefilmisworthseeing.

Thenewswhetherourteamhaswon isunknown.

Whetherweshallattendthemeetinghasn'tbeendecided.

2)引导宾语从句一般两者皆可,但在介词后常用whether,在whetherornot中whether不用if代替。

e.g.

Idon'tknowwhetherornotheisgoingtoseethefilm.

Itdependson____wehaveenoughtime. A.if B.weather C.ifornot D.whether【D】 

六、注意Idoubtwhether/if...,Idon'tdoubtthat...,Thereissomedoubtwhether...,Thereisnodoubtthat...的用法:

e.g.Althoughmostofthemhavenodoubt____hewillpasstheexam.Istillthinkthereissomedoubt____hehasreallygoteverythingready. 

A.whether;that B.that;whether C.that;that D.whether;whether      【B】

七、注意I'msurethat...,I'mnotsurewhether...的用法:

e.g.I'msurethatheishonest.I'mnotsurewhetherhewillcome.

八、注意Thereason...isthat...的用法:

e.g.Thereasonwhyhewaslatewasthatitwasraining.

九、注意what/whatever,who/whoever,which/whichever,where/wherever等的区别:

what等连接代词或副词表示疑问,whatever等连接代词或副词加强语气:

e.g.____comestothepartywillreceiveagift.                                                

A.Which B.WhoC.WhichoneD.Whoever                     【D】

十、注意whatever等和nomatterwhat等的区别:

whatever等既可以引导名词性从句,而可以引导让步状语从句,nomatterwhat等只能引导让步状语从句:

e.g.Nomatterwhathesays,(让步状语从句)Iwillbelievehim.   

Ibelievewhateverhesays.(宾语从句)

十一、注意It'simportant/necessary/strange/natural/possible/impossible/surprising...that...的用法:

e.g.It'snecessarythatweshouldpracticereadingEnglisheveryday.

十二、注意It'ssaid/reported/thought/considered/suggested/hoped/found/believed...that...等的用法:

e.g.It'sreportedthattenpeoplewerekilledintheroadaccident.

十三、掌握What+vt.+sb.most+is/was+that...句型的用法:

可以用于该句型的常见动词有:

astonish/impress/move/shock/surprise...  

e.g.Whatimpressedmemostwasthatallofthemstudiedveryhard.

十四、注意what'sthematter/whatthematteris的区别:

e.g.Heaskedmewhatwasmatterwithme.(他问我怎么了)

    Theteacheraskedmewhatthematterwas.(老师问我那是什么物质)

名词性从句练习

一、判断下列各句哪句含有名词性从句,并指出是什么从句:

1.Chinaisnolongerwhatitusedtobe.

2.Thetruththattheearthturnaroundthesunisknowntoall.

3.Itwassnowingwhenhearrivedatthestation.

4.Howhepersuadedthemanagertochangetheplanisinterestingtousall.

5.Thenewsthattheyhadwonthegamesoonspreadoverthewholeschool.

6.Thenewsthatyoutoldmeyesterdaywasreallydisappointing.

7.ThatiswhereLuXunusedtolive.

8.Hespokeasifheunderstoodwhathewastalkingabout.

9.DoyouremembertheteacherwhotaughtusEnglishatmiddleschool?

10.Iwonderwhysherefusedmyinvitation.

11.Whetheritwillpleasethemisnoteasytosay.

12.Itisstilluncertainwhetherheiscomingornot.

13.Heaskedwhosecaritwas

14.Tomisnolongerwhatheusedtobe.

15.Thequestioniswhichofusshouldcomefirst.

16.Shedidn’ttellthetruthhowshemanagedtogoabroad.

17.Theyarefamiliarwiththeopinionthatallmatterconsistsofatoms.

二、用适当的连词填空:

1.Ican’tdecide____________dictionaryIshouldbuy.

2.That’s____________herefusedmyinvitation.

3.Iamveryinterestedin____________hehasimprovedhispronunciationinsuchashorttime.

4.____________weneedismoretime.

5.Thefact____________shehadnotsaidanythingatthemeetingsurprisedeverybody.

6.____________and____________theywillmeethasnotbeendecidedyet.

7.Pleasetellme____________youarewaitingfor.

8.Isthat____________youarelookingfor?

9.Wouldyoupleasetellme____________thenearestpostofficeis?

10.Idon’tknow____________hewillagreetotheplanornot.

11.Ithasnotbeendecided_______theywillleaveforNewYork.

12.______wedomorningexerciseseverydaydoesusgood.

13_________getshomefirstistocookthesupper.

14.Haveyoufoundyourbookyet?

 ---No,I’mnotsure_______Icouldhaveleftit.

15.Thedoctorcouldn’tanswerthequestion_________thepatientcouldsurvivethatnight.

16.Themanagercameoverandaskedthecustomer_______thequarrelhadcomeabout

17.______youdon’tlikehimisnoneofmybusiness.

18.______we’llgocampingdependson_______itwillbefinetomorrow.

19._______shecomesornotmakesnodifference.

20Thequestionis_______itisworthdoing.

21.Thereissomedoubt_______hewillcome.

22.________isafactthatEnglishisbeingacceptedasaninternationallanguage.

23.________hashelpedtosavethedrowninggirlisworthpraising.

24.Itissaidthatthefamousfootballstarisnotwillingtoplayfor________wouldpayhimthreemilliondollarsayear.

25.Itwasabout600yearsago________thefirstclockwithafaceanda

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