名词性从句讲解与练习xin.docx
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名词性从句讲解与练习xin
名词性从句
基本用法
一、定义:
名词性从句相当于名词,可分别作主句的主语、表语、宾语和同位语。
因此,名词性从句可分为主语从句、表语从句、宾语从句和同位语从句。
二、引导词:
1、种类:
有连词that/whether/asif,连接代词what/who/which/whose/whatever/whoever/whomever/whichever,连接副词where/when/why/how/wherever/whenever。
2、功能:
名词性从句的引导词一般都有意义且在从句中充当主语、宾语、状语等成分,但that引导名词性从句在从句中只起连接作用,无义且不作成分;whether/if引导名词性从句表“是否”之意,但在从句中不作成分。
3、that引导名词性从句的特殊用法。
1)、that引导主语从句、表语从句、同位语从句时不能省略。
如:
①ThattheyaregoodatEnglishisknowntousall.
②Theproblemisthatwedon’thaveenoughmoney.
SheexpressedthehopethattheywouldcometoChinaoneday.
2)、that引导宾语从句时可省,但在以下几种情况中不能省略:
①当that从句和主句谓语动词之间有插入词语或者从句主语之间有插入语时,that不可省略;
Hejudgedthat,becausehewasachild,hedidnotunderstandwine.
②当that从句与另一名词性从句并列作宾语时,that不能省;
Everyoneknewwhathappenedandthatshewasworried.
当that作介词宾语时,that不可省掉。
但that引导的宾语从句只有在except,in,but,besides等少数介词后偶尔可能用到;
e.g.Yourarticleisallrightexceptthatitistoolong.
Thereasonliesinthatsheworksharderthantheothersdo.
that从句作主语和宾语时,可以用it来替换成以下几种结构表达。
**that引导主语从句借助it作形式主语的情况:
It作主语的常用句型有:
A.It+be+形容词+that从句
B.It+be+名称词组(duty/pity..)+that从句
C.It+be+过去分词(said/thought..)+that从句
D.It+不及物动词(seem/happen..)+that从句
用形式主语it的主语从句常见结构
A.Itisclear(necessary,important,possible,remarkablethat…很清楚(必要,重要,可能,值得注意等)…
B.Itisafact(agoodthing,goodnews…)that…事实是(好事是,好消息是…)…
C.Itiswell-known(reported,recorded,estimated,said,believed)that…众所周知(据报道,,据记载,据说,据估计)…
D.Itturnsout(seems,happens,appears…)that…结果是(似乎是,碰巧是,好象是…)…
E.Ithasbeenfound(hasbeenproved,canbeseen,mustbepointedout)that…已发现(已证明,可以看出,需指出)…
如:
Itisapitythatwecan’tgoswimming.真可惜我们不能去游泳.
IthappenedthatIwasoutthatday.碰巧那天我外出了.
Itiscertainthathewilldowellintheexam.他考试肯定会考好.
Itissaidthathetoldhereverything.据说他已告诉了她一切.
***用it作形式宾语时,通常将宾语从句移至补语的后面,即:
“主+谓+it+宾语的补语+宾语从句”。
如:
Shemadeitarulethatshegotearlyeverymorning.
Shemadeitclearthatitwasnotherfault.
⑤that和what的区别。
that引导名词性从句时,在主从句中不以当任何句子成分,也没有任何含义;而what引导名词性从句时,在主从句中都要充当一定的句子成分,what可以分解成定语从句中的先行词+关系代词,即常说的先行词+that。
如:
It’sshamethathehasmadesuchamistake.
Dowhathesays=Doeverythingthathesays.
4、名词性从句与定语从句的区别。
1)、同位语从句与定于从句的区别
A.that引导的同位语从句:
(1)从先行词看
同位语从句与名词之间在逻辑上是“主语+be+表语”的关系。
该名词是需要做特殊说明的抽象名词。
例如:
Theyweredelightedatthenewsthattheirteamhadwon.
Thenewswasthattheirteamhadwon.
(2)从引导词来看
引导词that在同位语从句中是连词,只起连接作用,无具体词意,that不可省略;that在定语从句中是关系代词,它在从句中充当一定成分——主语或宾语,有具体词意,作宾语时还可以省略。
Thefactory(that)wevisitedyesterdayisachemicalone.
ThenewsthathewillleaveforShanghaiistrue.
B.when和where引导的同位语从句与定语从句的区别。
when和where前面的名词若是表示时间、地点的名词,则when和where引导的是定语从句,否则则为同位语从句。
如:
Theyputforwardthequestionwheretheycouldgetthemoney.(同位语从句)
Thisistheplacewheretheaccidenthappened.(定语从句)
5、名词性从句中主句和从句的时态、主谓一致情况
(1)宾语从句中主句和从句的时态保持一致,但如果从句中表示提示的是客观现象,虽然主句是过去时态,从句仍用一般现在时。
如:
Hello,Ididn’tknowyouwereinLondon.Howlonghaveyoubeenhere?
Theteachertoldusthatlighttravelsataveryhighspeed.
(2)主语从句作主语相当于单数第三人称作主语,谓语动词用单数,如果由and连接两个或两个以上的主语从句作主语时,谓语动词用复数;由两个或多个连接词引导一个主语从句,谓语动词用单数。
如:
Whenthemeetingwillbeginhasnotbeendecidedyet.
Whentheywillstartandwheretheygohavenotbeendecidedyet.
Whenandwherethemeetingwillbeginhasnotbeendecided.
6.、宾语从句(TheObjectClause)
宾语从句在复合句中起宾语作用,可以作动词的宾语,也可以作介词的宾语。
e.g.
1)、做动词的宾语
(1)大部分宾语从句直接跟在动词后:
e.g.Hedoesn'tknowwherethepostofficeis.
(2)有些宾语从句前要有间接宾语:
e.g.HetoldmewhatIshouldread.
(3)如果宾语从句后面有宾语补足语,要使用形式宾语it而将从句放到补足语后面;
e.g.Ithoughtitstrangethathefailedtocallme.
我觉得奇怪:
他没给我打电话。
(4)在think,believe,suppose,expect等动词之后的宾语从句中,如果从句谓语是否定含义,则不用否定形式,而将主句谓语动词think等变为否定形式;
e.g.Idon’tthinkyouareright.我想你是不对的。
(5)在think,believe,imagine,suppose,guess,hope等动词以及I’mafraid等后,可用so代替一个肯定的宾语从句,还可用not代替一个否定的宾语从句:
e.g.一Doyoubelieveitwillclearup?
你认为天气会转晴吗?
一Ibelieveso.我认为会这样。
Idon'tbelieveso.(或Ibelievenot.)
我认为不会这样。
2)、做介词的宾语:
Itdependsonwhetherwehaveenoughtime.
但that引导的宾语从句只有在except,in,but,besides等少数介词后偶尔可能用到;
e.g.Yourarticleisallrightexceptthatitistoolong.
7.because,asif,asthough引导的表语从句
because引导表语从句通常只用于“This/That/Itisbecause…”结构中。
asif/though引导的表语从句常置于连系动词look,seem,sound,be,become等后面,常用虚拟语气,表示不存在的动作或状态。
e.g.Itsoundsasif/thoughsomebodywasknockingatthedoor.
Myangerisbecauseyouhaven’twrittentomeforalongtime.
名词性从句是高考英语的重点考查内容之一,掌握其常见考点对提高应试技能很有益处。
高考常见考点:
一、陈述句语序问题:
名词性从句必须用陈述句的语序。
e.g.Ididn'tknowwhat____withher.
A.wasthematterB.isthematterC.MatterD.thematteris 【A】
二、形式主语和形式宾语it的用法:
在英语中只有it可以做形式宾语,this/that不行。
e.g.Don‘ttakeitforgrantedthathewillhelpus.Hemakesitarulethathegetsupearlyeverymorning.
三、在某些动词,如think,expect,suppose,believe,guess等后的宾语从句中,如果是否定形式,其否定副词not要提前到主句谓语动词上。
e.g.Idon'tthinkheishonest.Idon'tbelievehecandoitalone.
五、whether和if的区别:
1)引导表语从句,同位语从句和主语从句,用whether,不用if。
e.g.
Thequestioniswhetherthefilmisworthseeing.
Thenewswhetherourteamhaswon isunknown.
Whetherweshallattendthemeetinghasn'tbeendecided.
2)引导宾语从句一般两者皆可,但在介词后常用whether,在whetherornot中whether不用if代替。
e.g.
Idon'tknowwhetherornotheisgoingtoseethefilm.
Itdependson____wehaveenoughtime. A.if B.weather C.ifornot D.whether【D】
六、注意Idoubtwhether/if...,Idon'tdoubtthat...,Thereissomedoubtwhether...,Thereisnodoubtthat...的用法:
e.g.Althoughmostofthemhavenodoubt____hewillpasstheexam.Istillthinkthereissomedoubt____hehasreallygoteverythingready.
A.whether;that B.that;whether C.that;that D.whether;whether 【B】
七、注意I'msurethat...,I'mnotsurewhether...的用法:
e.g.I'msurethatheishonest.I'mnotsurewhetherhewillcome.
八、注意Thereason...isthat...的用法:
e.g.Thereasonwhyhewaslatewasthatitwasraining.
九、注意what/whatever,who/whoever,which/whichever,where/wherever等的区别:
what等连接代词或副词表示疑问,whatever等连接代词或副词加强语气:
e.g.____comestothepartywillreceiveagift.
A.Which B.WhoC.WhichoneD.Whoever 【D】
十、注意whatever等和nomatterwhat等的区别:
whatever等既可以引导名词性从句,而可以引导让步状语从句,nomatterwhat等只能引导让步状语从句:
e.g.Nomatterwhathesays,(让步状语从句)Iwillbelievehim.
Ibelievewhateverhesays.(宾语从句)
十一、注意It'simportant/necessary/strange/natural/possible/impossible/surprising...that...的用法:
e.g.It'snecessarythatweshouldpracticereadingEnglisheveryday.
十二、注意It'ssaid/reported/thought/considered/suggested/hoped/found/believed...that...等的用法:
e.g.It'sreportedthattenpeoplewerekilledintheroadaccident.
十三、掌握What+vt.+sb.most+is/was+that...句型的用法:
可以用于该句型的常见动词有:
astonish/impress/move/shock/surprise...
e.g.Whatimpressedmemostwasthatallofthemstudiedveryhard.
十四、注意what'sthematter/whatthematteris的区别:
e.g.Heaskedmewhatwasmatterwithme.(他问我怎么了)
Theteacheraskedmewhatthematterwas.(老师问我那是什么物质)
名词性从句练习
一、判断下列各句哪句含有名词性从句,并指出是什么从句:
1.Chinaisnolongerwhatitusedtobe.
2.Thetruththattheearthturnaroundthesunisknowntoall.
3.Itwassnowingwhenhearrivedatthestation.
4.Howhepersuadedthemanagertochangetheplanisinterestingtousall.
5.Thenewsthattheyhadwonthegamesoonspreadoverthewholeschool.
6.Thenewsthatyoutoldmeyesterdaywasreallydisappointing.
7.ThatiswhereLuXunusedtolive.
8.Hespokeasifheunderstoodwhathewastalkingabout.
9.DoyouremembertheteacherwhotaughtusEnglishatmiddleschool?
10.Iwonderwhysherefusedmyinvitation.
11.Whetheritwillpleasethemisnoteasytosay.
12.Itisstilluncertainwhetherheiscomingornot.
13.Heaskedwhosecaritwas
14.Tomisnolongerwhatheusedtobe.
15.Thequestioniswhichofusshouldcomefirst.
16.Shedidn’ttellthetruthhowshemanagedtogoabroad.
17.Theyarefamiliarwiththeopinionthatallmatterconsistsofatoms.
二、用适当的连词填空:
1.Ican’tdecide____________dictionaryIshouldbuy.
2.That’s____________herefusedmyinvitation.
3.Iamveryinterestedin____________hehasimprovedhispronunciationinsuchashorttime.
4.____________weneedismoretime.
5.Thefact____________shehadnotsaidanythingatthemeetingsurprisedeverybody.
6.____________and____________theywillmeethasnotbeendecidedyet.
7.Pleasetellme____________youarewaitingfor.
8.Isthat____________youarelookingfor?
9.Wouldyoupleasetellme____________thenearestpostofficeis?
10.Idon’tknow____________hewillagreetotheplanornot.
11.Ithasnotbeendecided_______theywillleaveforNewYork.
12.______wedomorningexerciseseverydaydoesusgood.
13_________getshomefirstistocookthesupper.
14.Haveyoufoundyourbookyet?
---No,I’mnotsure_______Icouldhaveleftit.
15.Thedoctorcouldn’tanswerthequestion_________thepatientcouldsurvivethatnight.
16.Themanagercameoverandaskedthecustomer_______thequarrelhadcomeabout
17.______youdon’tlikehimisnoneofmybusiness.
18.______we’llgocampingdependson_______itwillbefinetomorrow.
19._______shecomesornotmakesnodifference.
20Thequestionis_______itisworthdoing.
21.Thereissomedoubt_______hewillcome.
22.________isafactthatEnglishisbeingacceptedasaninternationallanguage.
23.________hashelpedtosavethedrowninggirlisworthpraising.
24.Itissaidthatthefamousfootballstarisnotwillingtoplayfor________wouldpayhimthreemilliondollarsayear.
25.Itwasabout600yearsago________thefirstclockwithafaceanda