文学术语词典.docx

文学术语词典.docx

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文学术语词典

AbsurdLiterature:

1　AtermappliedtoanumberofworksindramaandprosefictionwhichhaveincommonthesensethatHumanconditionisessentiallyabsurdwhichcanberepresentedinworksofliteraturethatarethemselvesabsurd.

2　Afterthe1940s,therewasawidespreadtendency,especiallyprominentintheexistentialphilosophyofletterssuchasSartreandAlbertCamustoviewahumanbeingasisolatedexistentwhoiscastintoalienuniversewhichconceivenoinherenttruth,valueormeaningtorepresenthumanlife--initsfruitlesssearchforpurposeandmeaning.

3　SamuelBeckettinhisWaitingforGodotprojecttheirrational,helpless,absurdityoflifeindramaticformthatrejectrealisticsetting,logicreasoningoracoherentevolvingplot.

AlienationEffect

1）InhisEpicTheater,theGermandramatistBrechtadaptedtheRussianFormalistconceptofdefamiliarizationintowhathecalledalienationeffect.

2）ThiseffectBrechtsaidistomakethefamiliaraspectofpresentsocialrealityseemstrangesotopreventtheemotionalidentificationandinvolvementoftheaudiencewiththecharacterandtheiractionsintoaplay.

3）Hisaimwastoevokeacriticaldistanceandattitudeinthespectators,inordertoarosethemtotakeactionagainst,ratherthansimplytoacceptthestateofsocietyandbehaviorrepresentedonthestage.

CanonofLiterature

1　ThetermCanonwasusedinliteraryapplicationtosignifythelistofsecularworksacceptedbyexpertsasgenuinelywrittenbyaparticularauthor.

2　Thefactorsintheprocessofcanonformationarecomplexanddisputed.However,itseemsclear,thattheprocessinvolve,amongotherconditions,concurrenceofcritics,scholarsandauthorswithdiverseviewpointsandsensibilities,thepersistentinfluence,thefrequentreferencetoanauthororworkwithinthediscourseofaculturalcommunity,andthewidespreadassignmentofanauthorortextinschoolandcollegecurricula.Suchfactorsaremutuallyinteractedandneedtobesustainedoveraperiodoftime.

3　Atanytime,theboundariesofliterarycanonremainindefinite,whileinsidethoseboundariessomeauthorsarecentralandothersmoremarginalsincethe1970s,thenatureofcanonformationandoppositiontoestablishingliterarycanons,havebecomealeadingconcernamongcriticsofdiverseviewpointswhetherdeconstructive,feminist,postcolonialornewhistoricist.

4　Awildspreadchangeisthatthestandardcanonofgreatbookshasbeendeterminedlessbyartisticexcellence,butbyitspoliticsofpower,thatisthecanonhasbeenformedinaccordancewiththeideology,politicalinterestandvalueofeliteclassthatwaswhite,maleandEuropean.Thedemandis“toopenthecanon”soastomakeitmulticulturalandmakeitrepresenttheachievementofalargeofwriters.

Ambivalence

1）Atermdevelopedinpsychoanalysistodescribeacontinualfluctuationbetweenwantingonethingandwantingitsopposite.AdaptedintocolonialdiscoursetheorybyHomiBhabha,itdescribesthecomplexmixofattractionandrepulsionthatcharacterizestherelationshipbetweencolonizerandcolonized.

2）Ambivalencedisruptstheclear-cutauthorityofcolonialdomination.Asthecolonialdiscoursewantstoproducecompliantsubjectswhoreproduceitsassumption,habitsandvalues.Butambivalentsubjectwhosemimicryisneverfarfrommockeryproducedaprofounddisturbanceoftheauthorityofcolonialdiscourseinthefluctuatingexistence.

3）BothBhabhaandRobert.Youngthinkitisnotasimplyreversalofbinary,forbothcolonizingandcolonizedsubjectsareimplicatedintheambivalenceofcolonialdiscourse.Theconceptisrelatedtohybridity,becausejustasambivalencedecentersauthorityformitspositionofpower,sothatauthoritymayalsobecomehybridizedwhenplacedinacolonialcontextinwhichitfindsitselfdealingwithandofteninflectedbyotherculture.

Hybridity

1　Inhoticulture,thetermreferstothecross-breedingoftwospecies.Italsotakesmanyformsinlanguageas“pidgin”,incultural,politicalarea.etc.In“TheDialogicImagination”Bahkinusesittosuggestthedisruptiveandtransfiguringpowerofmultivocallanguage.

2　Itisawildlyusedbutdisputedterminpost-colonialtheory.Itreferstothecreationofnewtransculturalformswithinthecontactzoneproducedbycolonization.ThetermhasbeenmostrecentlyassociatedwiththeworkofHomi.Bhabha.Bhabhacontendsthatallculturalstatementsandsystemsareconstructedinaspacethathecalls“TheThirdSpace”.Culturalidentityalsoemergeinthiscontradictoryandambivalentspacewhichmakestheclaimtohierarchicalpurityofculturesuntenable.Itisthein-betweenspacethatcarriestheburdenandmeaningofculture,andthisiswhatmakesthenotionofhybriditysoimportant.

3　Thistermhasalsobeencriticizedasitusuallyimpliesnegatingandneglectingtheimbalenceandinequality