完形填空题型综合考查学生语言知识运用和阅读理解能力.docx

完形填空题型综合考查学生语言知识运用和阅读理解能力.docx

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完形填空题型综合考查学生语言知识运用和阅读理解能力

完形填空题型综合考查学生语言知识运用和阅读理解能力,是广大学生倍感畏惧的题型。

很多学生都会问老师怎样才能做好完形填空这道题,多数的回答要么很理论,要么很笼统,学生听后感觉还是模糊不清。

本人通过多年的学习、思考和总结,归纳出了多种解题方法:

顺势承接法,逆向推导法,逻辑推理法,情景排除法,词语搭配法,词语复现法,主旨匹配法,首句联想法,呼应对照法,语气判定法等。

下面就结合高考实例介绍其中的几种方法,希望大家指正。

1.顺势承接法

完形填空的某些空白前,有时会出现或多或少的设空依据,就是所谓的“伏笔”或“铺垫”。

优秀的学生在阅读过程中会根据这些伏笔或铺垫,对下文顺势进行判断和推测,心中往往能预想到答案,并且在阅读过程中对预想答案不断进行修正。

[例1]（2010年高考北京卷）mrs.neidlwouldaskmeformy37.shewantedtoknowhowithoughtweshould38things.atfirstihadnoideahowtoanswerbecauseiknew39aboutstagedesign!

butislowlybegantorespondtoher40.itwascauseandeffect:

shebelievedihadopinions,soibeganto41them.shetrustedmetocompletethings,soicompletedthemperfectly.shelovedhow42iwas,soibegantoshowuptopaintmoreandmore.shebelievedinme,soibegantobelieveinmyself.

37.a.opinionb.impressionc.informationd.intention

38.a.makeb.keepc.handled.change

39.a.anythingb.somethingc.everythingd.nothing

40.a.questionsb.commentsc.explanationsd.remarks

41.a.holdb.followc.evaluated.form

42.a.happyb.livelyc.reliabled.punctual

解析:

根据前文的伏笔wouldaskmeformy…;howtoanswer,用顺势承接法可推知40答案分别为a。

根据前面的shebelievedihadopinions,顺势可推知41为d（形成自己的看法）。

[例2]onemorning,theboycametorobertwithabeautifulmapofanisland.

robert44thattheboyhaddrawnalargecrossinthemiddleof45.“what'sthat?

”heasked.“that'sthe46treasure,”saidtheboy.robertsuddenly47somethingofanadventurestory

intheboy's48.

44.a.doubtedb.noticedc.decidedd.recognized

45.a.theseab.thehousec.scotlandd.theisland

46.a.forgottenb.buriedc.discoveredd.unexpected

47.a.sawb.drewc.maded.learned

48.a.bookb.replyc.pictured.mind

解析:

根据前文的伏笔abeautifulmapofanisland,用顺势承接法可推知45题和48题的答案分别为d和c。

2.逆向推导法

完形填空题的选项往往需要考生根据文章下文提供的暗示进行判断和确定,这就需要考生要想办法在下文中找出这些暗示或依据,从后往前进行推导。

此即我们常说的“瞻前顾后”中的“顾后”。

[例1]（2010年高考湖北卷）thepassengersonthebuswatchedwithsympathyassusanmadeherwaycarefullyupthesteps.shepaidthedriverandthen,usingherhandsto31theseats,settledinoneofthem.

ithadbeenayearsincesusanbecameblind.astheresultofanaccidentshewassuddenlythrownintoaworldof32.susan’shusbandmarkwatchedher33intohopelessnessandhewas34touseeverypossiblemeanstohelphiswife.

31.a.touchb.grabc.countd.feel

32.a.weaknessb.sicknessc.darknessd.sadness

33.a.runb.sinkc.jumpd.step

34.a.inspiredb.determinedc.honoredd.pleased

解析:

根据3第二段中的becameblind可逆向推知31题的答案为c。

[例2]（2009全国卷i）onthemorningofhisgraduationdayhisfathercalledhimintohisownstudyandtoldhimhow39hewastohavesuchafineson.hehandedhissonabeautifulgiftbox.40butslightlydisappointed,theyoungman41theboxandfoundalovely

book,42,heraisedhisvoiceathisfatherandsaid.“43allyourmoneyyougivemeabook?

”andrushedoutofthehouse44thebookinthestudy.

39.a.encouragedb.comfortablec.proudd.moved

40.a.nervousb.seriousc.carefuld.curious

41.a.packedb.openedc.pickedupd.putaside

42.a.angrilyb.eagerlyc.calmlyd.anxiously

解析:

根据39空后面的afineson可推知39题的答案为c。

根据raisedhisvoiceathisfather可推知42题答案为a。

3.逻辑推理法

文章的段与段,句与句之间通常具有一定的语义关系,如:

并列关系,转折关系,递进关系,因果关系等。

完形填空经常会考查学生对文章中的这些语义关系的把握。

因此,理清文章的语义关系是解题的关键。

[例1]（2010年高考江苏卷）iwasnineyearsoldwhensheenteredourhomeinruralvirginia.myfather__36__metoherwiththesewords:

“iwouldlikeyoutomeetthefellowwhois

__37forbeingtheworstboyinthiscountyandwillprobablystartthrowingrocksatyouno

__38thantomorrowmorning.”

mystepmotherwalkedovertome,__39myheadslightlyupward,andlookedmerightintheeye.thenshelookedatmyfatherandreplied,“youare__40.thisisnottheworstboyatall,__41thesmartestonewhohasn’tyetfoundanoutlet（释放的途径）forhisenthusiasm.”

36.a.rushedb.sentc.carriedd.introduced

37.a.distinguishedb.favoredc.mistakend.rewarded

38.a.soonerb.laterc.longerd.earlier

39.a.draggedb.shookc.raisedd.bent

40.a.perfectb.rightc.wrongd.impolite

41.a.butb.soc.andd.or

解析:

41题前后两句话很明显是转折关系,所以答案应为a。

[例2]（2010年高考江西卷）whenalicestartedtocyclehomefromjenny’shouse,shewasn’tnervous.shewascertainlynotafraidofthedark.36,itwasonlya15-minuteridehome.buthalfwaythere,shebegantowishthatshehadn’tbeenso37.

assheroundedasharpbend,itsuddenly38cold-verycold.alice’sbreathbecamepuffsofwhitecloudandherlegsweresocoldthatitbecamehardtoride.

36.a.howeverb.besidesc.therefored.otherwise

37.a.braveb.excitedc.curiousd.stubborn

38.a.fellb.seemedc.provedd.grew

解析:

36题前后两句话很明显是递进关系,所以答案应为b。

4.情景排除法

情景排除法。

完形填空题中的某些设空在文章的上下文中是找不到“伏笔”或“暗示”的。

这时就要示考生对空白前后的情景进行合理想像,然后用排除法确定正确选项,因为四个选项中必有一正确选项。

[例1]（2010年高考江苏卷）wheniturnedfourteen,sheboughtmeasecondhand__47andtoldmethatshebelievedthaticouldbecomeawriter.iknewherenthusiasm,i__48it,andisawhowithadalreadyimprovedourlives.iacceptedher__49andbegantowriteforlocalnewspapers.iwasdoingthesamekindof__50thatgreatdayiwenttointerviewandrewcarnegieandreceivedthetaskwhichbecamemylife’sworklater.iwasn’tthe__51beneficiary（受益者）.myfatherbecamethe__52manintown.mybrotherandstepbrothersbecameaphysician,adentist,alawyer,andacollegepresident.

whatpower__53has!

whenthatpowerisreleasedtosupportthecertaintyofone’spurposeandis__54strengthenedbyfaith,itbecomesanirresistible（不可抗拒的）forcewhichpovertyandtemporarydefeatcannever__55.

47.a.camerab.radioc.bicycled.typewriter

48.a.consideredb.suspectedc.ignoredd.appreciated

49.a.beliefb.requestc.criticismd.description

50.a.teachingb.writingc.studyingd.reading

51.a.nextb.samec.onlyd.real

52.a.cleverestb.wealthiestc.strongestd.healthiest

53.a.enthusiasmb.sympathyc.fortuned.confidence

54.a.deliberatelyb.happilyc.traditionallyd.constantly

55.a.winb.matchc.reachd.doubt

解析:

52题在上下文中找不到伏笔或暗示,但根据空白前后给出的情景还是能推测出答案的。

“我不是唯一的受益者”“我的哥哥弟弟们成了内科医生,牙医,律师,大学校长”,这可都是有钱人啊。

因此可推出他爸爸也很富有。

故52题的答案为b。

54题,情景应该是“信任使这种力量不断加强,最后成为不可抗拒的力量。

”故答案为d。

[例2]（2010年高考全国卷ii）abouttwentyminutesintotheadventure,theentireairplanebecamevery30.therewasnowasenseofanxietyandfearthatcouldbe31noticed.everypassengersimplyheldonfordearlife…exceptone.a32washavingagoodtime!

witheachbumpofthe33,hewouldletoutagiggle（咯咯的笑）ofdelight.asiobservedthis,

i34thathedidn’tknowhewassupposedtobeafraidandworriedabouthis35.heneitherthoughtaboutthepastnoraboutthefuture.thosearewhatwegrown-upshavelearnedfrom36.hewas37theridebecausehehadnotyetbeentaughttofearit.havingunderstoodthis,itookadeepbreathand38backintomyseat,pretendingiwas39onarollercoaster.ismiledfortherestoftheflight.ieven40togiggleonceortwice,muchtothechagrin（懊恼）ofthemansittingnexttomeholdingtheairsicknessbag.

30.a.quietb.hotc.dirtyd.crowded

31.a.partlyb.graduallyc.shortlyd.clearly

32.a.pilotb.babyc.guardd.man

33.a.seatsb.passengersc.flightd.airplane

34.a.realizedb.hopedc.agreedd.insisted

35.a.healthb.safetyc.joyd.future

36.a.teachersb.booksc.experienced.practice

37.a.learningb.takingc.missingd.enjoying

38.a.satb.layc.wentd.rode

39.a.nearlyb.finallyc.reallyd.suddenly

40.a.attemptedb.managedc.wantedd.decided

解析:

35题与36题在上下文中找不到伏笔或暗示,但根据空白前后给出的情景还是能推测出答案的。

“小孩太小,还不懂事,对自己的安全全然不知”;“大人们害怕、担心,那是他们从经历中学到的”。

故35题和36题的答案分别为b和c。

5.词语搭配法

词语搭配法。

完形填空经常在文章中考查词语的搭配,主要考查动词与名词,动词、名词、形容词与介词之间的搭配。

掌握固定搭配是解题的重要手段。

[例1]（2010年高考北京卷）mrs.neidl's43thatyearwas,“tryit.wecanalwayspaintoverit44!

”ibegantotake45.ihadbeensoafraidoffailingbutsuddenlytherewasnofailing--onlythingstobe46upon.ilearnedtodipmybrushintothepaintand47createsomething.

theshy,quietfreshmanachievedsuccessthatyear.iwas48intheprogramas“studentartassistant”becauseofthetimeandefforti’dputin.itwasthatyearthati49iwantedtospendtherestofmylifedoingstagedesign.

43.a.messageb.mottoc.sayingd.suggestion

44.a.againb.morec.insteadd.later

45.a.stepsb.controlc.charged.risks

46.a.improvedb.actedc.lookedd.reflected

47.a.easilyb.carefullyc.confidentlyd.proudly

48.a.introducedb.recognizedc.identifiedd.considered

49.a.confirmedb.decidedc.realizedd.acknowledged

解析:

48题考查固定搭配。

berecognizedas….意为“被公认为,被认可为”。

[例2]（2010年高考全国卷i）hesmiledandsaid,“shedoesn’tknowme,butiknowwhosheis.”ihadtoholdback50asheleft.

nowi51thatinmarriages,trueloveis52ofallthatis.thehappiestpeople

don’t53havethebestofeverything;theyjust54thebestofeverythingthey

have.55isn’tabouthowtolivethroughthestorm,buthowtodanceintherain.

50.a.curiosityb.tearsc.wordsd.judgment

51.a.realizeb.suggestc.hoped.prove

52.a.agreementb.expressionc.acceptanced.exhibition

53.a.necessarilyb.completelyc.naturallyd.frequently

54.a.learnb.makec.favord.try

55.a.adventureb.beautyc.trustd.life

解析:

53题与54题考查就是固定搭配。

notnecessarily意为“未必”;makethebestof意为“充分利用;尽可能地善用”。

6.词语复现法

词语复现法。

完型填空的文章虽短,但又是一个意义完整、上下关联的语篇,所讨论的是同一主题,所以行文中的替代现象和词语重复是不可避免的。

词汇的复现是指某一词以原词、指代词、同义词、近义词、反义词、概括词等出现在语篇中,句子通过这种复习现得到

了相互衔接。

因此完形填空题的某个空格所对应的答案可能就是上下文中复现的相关词,我们据此就能找到正确答案。

[例1]（2010年高考山东卷）asifoundout,thereis,46,oftennoperfectequivalence（对应）betweentwo47intwolanguages.myauntevengoessofarasto48