定语从句知识总结简单定语从句例句100句.docx
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定语从句知识总结简单定语从句例句100句
定语从句知识总结简单定语从句例句100句
定语从句:
关系代词(that,which,who,whom,whose,as)引导词限制性定语从句(对于所修饰的词进行解释和限定)关系副词(whenwherewhy)定语从句非限制性定语从句ThegirlthatIsawjustnowisverybeautiful.
判断:
是否影响整句话的完整性。
一个是名词/代词,一个是句子或名词.
定语从句=先行词+关系词+从句一.定语从句
(一)限制性定语从句1.
关系代词引导的定语从句定语从句的连接词不可以用what.
先行词为人1.who作为引导词,在从句中做主语
(1)TheboyswhoareplayingfootballarefromClassOne.
(2)YesterdayIhelpedanoldmanwholosthisway.
2.
whom作为引导词,在定语从句中充当宾语,常可省略。
(1)Mr.
Liuisthepersonyoutalkedaboutonthebus.
(2)Mr.
LingisjusttheboywhomIwanttosee.
注意:
关系代词whom在口语和非正式语体(仅指说话的场合)中常用who代替,可省略。
(3)Themanwho/whomyoumetjustnowismyfriend.
3.
that作为引导词,指人,在定语从句中作主语、宾语或表语
(1)Iwanttobeaguythatsheis.(表语)
(2)TheboysthatareplayingfootballarefromClassOne.(主语)(3)Mr.
LingisjusttheboythatIwanttosee.(宾语)先行词为物1.which指物,在定语从句中做主语或者宾语,做宾语时可省略
(1)Footballisagamewhichislikedbymostboys.
(2)Thisisthepen(which)heboughtyesterday.
2.that指物,相当于which。
在宾语从句中做主语或者宾语,做宾语时可省略。
(5)Thenumberofthepeoplethat/whoetovisitthecityeachyearrisesonemillion.
(6)Whereisthemanthat/whomIsawthismorning?
whose通常指人,也可指物,在定语从句中做定语(这里呢建议主要从句意上来体会不同)
(1)Hehasafriendwhosefatherisadoctor.
(2)Ioncelivedinahousewhoseroofhasfallenin.
whose指物时,常用以下结构来代替(3)Theclassroomwhosedoorisbrokenwillsoonberepaired.
(4)Theclassroomthedoorofwhichisbrokenwillsoonberepaired.
(5)Doyoulikethebookwhosecoverisyellow?
(6)Doyoulikethebookthecolorofwhichisyellow?
介词+关系代词引导的定语从句关系代词在定语从句中做介词宾语时,从句常由介词+关系代词引导(1.作用是什么,充当什么成分。
2.介词的选取)解释:
Doyouknowtheladywithwhomourmanageristalkingintheoffice?
Doyouknowtheladywhomourmanageristalkingwithintheoffice?
及物动词词组Talk:
talk是不及物动词vi.
谈话,说,讨论,商议,演讲传达意思,通话,通讯(会)说话;有讲话的能力说闲话;揭人隐私,传播小道消息实质上,介词+代词=副词(在作用上)规则:
指“人”,用“介词+whom”;如果指“物”,用“介词+which”
(1)Theschool(that/which)heoncestudiedinisveryfamous.
(2)Theschoolinwhichheoncestudiedisveryfamous.
(3)TomorrowIwillbringhereamagazine(that/which)youaskedfor.
(4)TomorrowIwillbringhereamagazineforwhichyouasked.
(5)We”llgotohearthefamoussinger(whom/that/who)wehaveoftentalkedabout.
(6)We”llgotohearthefamoussingeraboutwhomwehaveoftentalked.
注意:
1.含有介词的动词短语一般不拆开使用,如:
lookfor,lookafter,takecareof
(1)Thisisthewatchwhich/thatIamlookingfor.
(T)
(2)ThisisthewatchforwhichIamlooking.
(F)2.若介词放在关系代词前,关系代词指人时用whom,不可用who或者that;指物时用which,不能用that;关系代词是所有格时用whose
(1)Themanwithwhomyoutalkedismyfriend.
(T)
(2)Themanwithwho/thatyoutalkedismyfriend.
(F)(3)TheplaneinwhichweflewtoCanadaisveryfortable.
(T)(4)TheplaneinthatweflewintoCanadaisveryfortable.
(F)3.“介词+关系代词”前可有some,any,none,both,all,neither,most,each,few等代词或者数词
(1)Helovedhisparentsdeeply,bothofwhomareverykindtohim.(bekindof)
(2)Inthebaskettherearequitemanyapples,someofwhichhavegonebad.
(3)Therearefortystudentsinourclassinall,mostofwhomarefrombigcities.
关系副词引导的定语从句1.
when指时间,在定语从句中做时间状语
(1)IstillrememberthedaywhenIfirstcametotheschool.
(2)Thetimewhenwegottogetherfinallycame.
2.
where指地点,在定语从句中做地点状语
(1)ShanghaiisthecitywhereIwasborn.
(2)ThehousewhereIlivedtenyearsagohasbeenpulleddown.
3.
why指原因,在定语从句中做原因状语
(1)Pleasetellmethereasonwhyyoumissedtheplane.
(2)Idon”tknowthereasonwhyhelooksunhappytoday.
注意:
关系副词引导的从句可以由“介词+关系代词”引导的从句替换
(1)Thereasonwhy/forwhichherefusedtheinvitationisnotclear,(一般用for)
(2)Fromtheyearwhen/inwhichhewasgoingtoschoolhebegantoknowwhathewantedwhenhegrewup.
(3)GreatchangeshavetakenplaceinthecitywhereIwasborn.
限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句限制性定语从句举例:
(1)TheteachertoldmethatTomwastheonlypersonthatIcoulddependon.
(2)Chinaisacountrywhichhasalonghistory.
非限制性定语从句举例:
(1)Hismother,wholoveshimverymuch,isstrictwithhim.
(2)China,whichwasfoundedin1949,isbeingmoreandmorepowerful.
要注意区分以下几个句子的不同I,believeitanot,isaboy.
判断:
是否影响整句话的完整性。
(1)Hisbrotherwhoisnowadoctoralwaysencourageshimtogotocollege.
他那当医生的哥哥常鼓励他要考上大学。
(他还有其他的哥哥)
(2)Hisbrother,whoisnowadoctor,alwaysencourageshimtogotocollege.
他的哥哥是当医生的,常鼓励他要考上大学。
(他只有一个哥哥)难点分析
(一)限制性定语从句只能用that的几种情况1.当先行词是anything,everything,nothing(something除外),few,all,none,little,some等代词时,或者是由every,any,all,some,no,little,few,much等修饰时
(1)HaveyoutakendowneverythingthatMr.
Lihassaid?
(2)Thereseemstobenothingthatseemsimpossibleforhimintheworld.
(3)Allthatcanbedonehasbeendone.
(4)ThereislittlethatIcandoforyou.
注意:
当先行词指人时,偶尔也可以用who(4)Anymanthat/.whohasasenseofdutywon”tdosuchathing.(默认没有)2.当先行词被序数词修饰
(1)ThefirstplacethattheyvisitedinLondonwastheBigBen.
3.当先行词被形容词最高级或比较级修饰时
(1)ThisisthebestfilmthatIhaveseen.
4.当先行词被very,only修饰时
(1)ThisistheverydictionarythatIwanttobuy,
(2)Afterthefireinhishouse,theoldcaristheonlythingthatheowned.
当先行词指人时,偶尔也可以用who(3)WangHuaistheonlypersoninourschoolwhowillattendthemeeting/5.当先行词前面有who,which等疑问代词时
(1)Whoisthemanthatisstandingthere?
(2)WhichistheT-shirtthatfitsmemost?
6.当先行词既有人,也有动物或者物体时
(1)Canyourememberthescientistandhistheorythatwehavelearned?
只用which,whom1.
.当先行词有限定性修饰词时whatwasthenameofthewarintheUSAwhichlasted5years?
2.
当先行词是one,ones,anyone,等时用who;those做先行词时,指人用who,指物用whichThosewhowanttogototheGreatWallsignuphere.
HewhohasneverbeentotheGreatWallisnotatrueman.
3.
介词+which,whom
(二)关系代词as和which引导的定语从句las和which引导非限制性定语从句,有相同之处也有不同之处。
具体情况是:
1.As和which都可以在定语从句中做主语或者宾语,代表前面整个句子。
(1)Hemarriedher,as/whichwasnatural
(2)Hewashonest,as/whichwecansee.
2.
as引导非限制性定语从句,可放在主句之前,或者主句之后,甚至可以切割一个主句;which引导的非限制性定语从句只能放在主句之后。
另外,as有“正如……,正像……”的意思
(1)Asisknowntoall,Chinaisadevelopingcountry.
(2)Heisfromthesouth,aswecanseefromhisaccent.
(3)John,asyouknow,isafamouswriter.
(4)HehasbeentoParismorethanseveraltimes,whichIdon”tbelieve.
注意:
当主句和从句存在逻辑上的因果关系时,常用which(5)Tomwasalwayslateforschool,whichmadehisteacherangry.
3.当先行次受such,thesame修饰时,常用as
(1)Ihaveneverheardsuchastoryashetells.
(2)Heisnotsuchafoolashelooks.
(3)ThisisthesamebookasIlostlastweek.
注意:
当先行次由thesame修饰时,偶尔也用that引导定语从句,但是和由as所引导的定语从句意思不同(4)SheworethesamedressthatsheworeatMary”swedding.(同一事物)她穿着她在Mary婚礼上穿过的一条裙子。
(5)Sheworethesamedressasheryoungsisterwore.(非同一事物)她穿着和她妹妹所穿的一样的裙子。
(三)以theway为先行词的定语从句通常由inwhich,that引导,而且通常可以省略。
常考1way作先行词,如果是在定语从句中是作主语或宾语与其他名词做先行词用法一样如thisisthewaythat/whichhehelpsmealot作主语这就是对我帮助很大的方法thisisthewaythat/which/省略hetoldme作宾语这就是他告诉我的那种方法2way作先行词,如果是在定语从句中作状语有三种引导方法a.thewayinwhichb.
thewaythatc.
theway省略关系词如thisistheway/inwhich/that/hestudiesenglish这就是他学习英语的方法theway在定从中作方式状语修饰学习也就是他用这种方法学习英语(四)区分定语从句和同位语从句1.定语从句修饰先行词,它和先行词是修饰关系;同位语从句说明先行词的具体内容,是补充说明的关系,两者性质不同,地位不同
(1)TheplanethathasjusttakenoffisforLondon.定语从句
(2)Thefactthathehasbeendeadisclear.同位于从句判断:
看缺不缺成分2.定语从句由关系代词或者关系副词引导,关系词在句中充当成分,有时可以省略;同位语从句主要由that引导,在句中一般不做成分,不能省略!
;句子也可以由when,where,how,why,whether,what等词引导,充当成分
(1)Thenewshetoldmeistrue.
(2)Thenewsthathehasjustdiedistrue.
3)Theproblemthatwearefacingnowishowwecancollectsomuchmoney.定语(4)Theproblemhowwecancollectsomuchmoneyisdifficulttosolve.
(五)去掉结构后是否是一个完整的句子ItisIthat/whowenttohelphimassoonasIcan.
As:
1.As可以引导定语从句.有时可译为“正如”.此时,常常是as从句在前,主句在后.
例如:
Aswecansee,heisaChinese.
2.As还可引导原因状语从句,“因为,由于”例如:
Asheissolazy,henevercooksbyhimself.cold3.As还可引导时间状语从句,“当,随着”例如:
Astheweatheriscolderandcolder,theleavesofthetreeislessandless.
4.As还可引导方式状语从句,“按照”例如:
YoumustdotheworkasIhavetoldyou.
5.As还可引导让步状语从句.“尽管”.但是注意,as引导方式状语从句时从句必须倒装.而且这种倒装和一般的倒装不一样.as从句的倒装一般是把从句的表语或作状语的副词提到as之前,(如果表语是一个带有不定冠词a或an的单数名词,倒装后a或an必须省略).
例如:
asheisalittleboy,heknowsalot.如果变成由AS引导,就必须变成:
Littleboyasheis,heknowsalot.
Thoughheworkshard,heneversucceed.
可变为Hardasheworks,heneversucceed.