定语从句知识总结简单定语从句例句100句.docx

1、定语从句知识总结简单定语从句例句100句定语从句知识总结简单定语从句例句100句定语从句： 关系代词 (that, which, who, whom, whose, as) 引导词 限制性定语从句 （对于所修饰的词进行解释和限定） 关系副词 (when where why) 定语从句 非限制性定语从句 The girl that I saw just now is very beautiful.判断：是否影响整句话的完整性。一个是名词/代词，一个是句子或名词.定语从句=先行词+关系词+从句 一.定语从句 （一）限制性定语从句 1.关系代词引导的定语从句 定语从句的连接词不可以用what.先行词

2、为人 1.who作为引导词,在从句中做主语 (1) The boys who are playing football are from Class One.(2) Yesterday I helped an old man who lost his way.2.whom作为引导词,在定语从句中充当宾语,常可省略。 (1) Mr.Liu is the person you talked about on the bus.(2) Mr.Ling is just the boy whom I want to see.注意:关系代词whom在口语和非正式语体（仅指说话的场合）中常用who代替, 可省

3、略。 (3) The man who/whom you met just now is my friend.3.that作为引导词，指人，在定语从句中作主语、宾语或表语 （1）I want to be a guy that she is.(表语) （2）The boys that are playing football are from Class One.（主语） （3）Mr.Ling is just the boy that I want to see.(宾语) 先行词为物 1.which指物,在定语从句中做主语或者宾语,做宾语时可省略 (1) Football is a game wh

4、ich is liked by most boys.(2) This is the pen (which) he bought yesterday.2.that 指物,相当于which。在宾语从句中做主语或者宾语,做宾语时可省略。 (5) The number of the people that/who e to visit the city each year rises one million.(6) Where is the man that/whom I saw this morning? whose通常指人,也可指物,在定语从句中做定语(这里呢建议主要从句意上来体会不同) (1)

5、He has a friend whose father is a doctor.(2) I once lived in a house whose roof has fallen in.whose指物时,常用以下结构来代替 (3) The classroom whose door is broken will soon be repaired.(4) The classroom the door of which is broken will soon be repaired.(5) Do you like the book whose cover is yellow? (6) Do you

6、 like the book the color of which is yellow? 介词+关系代词引导的定语从句 关系代词在定语从句中做介词宾语时,从句常由介词+关系代词引导（1.作用是什么，充当什么成分。2.介词的选取） 解释： Do you know the lady with whom our manager is talking in the office? Do you know the lady whom our manager is talking with in the office? 及物动词词组 Talk: talk 是不及物动词 vi.谈话, 说, 讨论, 商议,

7、演讲传达意思, 通话, 通讯(会)说话; 有讲话的能力说闲话; 揭人隐私, 传播小道消息 实质上，介词+代词=副词（在作用上） 规则：指“人”，用“介词whom”；如果指“物”，用“介词which” (1) The school (that/which) he once studied in is very famous.(2) The school in which he once studied is very famous.(3) Tomorrow I will bring here a magazine (that/which) you asked for.(4) Tomorrow I

8、 will bring here a magazine for which you asked.(5) We”ll go to hear the famous singer (whom/that/wh o) we have often talked about.(6) We”ll go to hear the famous singer about whom we have often talked.注意:1.含有介词的动词短语一般不拆开使用,如:look for, look after, take care of (1) This is the watch which/that I am l

9、ooking for.(T) (2) This is the watch for which I am looking.(F) 2.若介词放在关系代词前,关系代词指人时用whom,不可用who或者that;指物时用which,不能用that;关系代词是所有格时用whose (1) The man with whom you talked is my friend.(T) (2) The man with who/that you talked is my friend.(F) (3) The plane in which we flew to Canada is very fortable.(

10、T) (4) The plane in that we flew in to Canada is very fortable.(F) 3.“介词+关系代词”前可有some, any, none, both, all, neither, most, each, few等代词或者数词 (1) He loved his parents deeply, both of whom are very kind to him.（be kind of） (2) In the basket there are quite many apples, some of which have gone bad.(3)

11、There are forty students in our class in all, most of whom are from big cities.关系副词引导的定语从句 1.when指时间,在定语从句中做时间状语 (1) I still remember the day when I first came to the school.(2) The time when we got together finally came.2.where指地点,在定语从句中做地点状语 (1) Shanghai is the city where I was born.(2) The house

12、where I lived ten years ago has been pulled down.3.why指原因,在定语从句中做原因状语 (1) Please tell me the reason why you missed the plane.(2) I don”t know the reason why he lo oks unhappy today.注意:关系副词引导的从句可以由“介词+关系代词”引导的从句替换 (1) The reason why/ for which he refused the invitation is not clear,(一般用for) (2) From

13、the year when/in which he was going to school he began to know what he wanted when he grew up.(3) Great changes have taken place in the city where I was born .限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句 限制性定语从句举例: (1) The teacher told me that Tom was the only person that I could depend on.(2) China is a country which has a lo

14、ng history.非限制性定语从句举例: (1) His mother, who loves him very much, is strict with him.(2) China, which was founded in 1949, is being more and more powerful.要注意区分以下几个句子的不同 I ,believe it a not , is a boy.判断：是否影响整句话的完整性。 (1) His brother who is now a doctor always encourages him to go to college.他那当医生的哥哥常鼓

15、励他要考上大学。(他还有其他的哥哥) (2) His brother, who is now a doctor, always encourages him to go to college.他的哥哥是当医生的,常鼓励他要考上大学。(他只有一个哥哥) 难点分析 (一)限制性定语从句只能用that的几种情况 1.当先行词是anything, everything, nothing (something除外), few, all, none, little, some等代词时,或者是由every, any, all, some, no, little, few, much等修饰时 (1) Have

16、 you taken down everything that Mr.Li has said? (2) There seems to be nothing that seems impossible for him in the world.(3) All that can be done has been done.(4) There is little that I can do for you.注意:当先行词指人时,偶尔也可以用who (4) Any man that/.who has a sense of duty won”t do such a thing.(默认没有) 2.当先行词

17、被序数词修饰 (1) The first place that they visited in London was the Big Ben.3.当先行词被形容词最高级或比较级修饰时 (1) This is the best film that I have seen.4.当先行词被very, only修饰时 (1) This is the very dictionary that I want to buy, (2) After the fire in his house, the old car is the only thing that he owned.当先行词指人时,偶尔也可以用w

18、ho (3) Wang Hua is the only person in our school who will attend the meeting/ 5.当先行词前面有who, which等疑问代词时 (1) Who is the man that is standing there? (2) Which is the T-shirt that fits me most? 6.当先行词既有人,也有动物或者物体时 (1) Can you remember the scientist and his theory that we have learned? 只用which, whom 1.当

19、先行词有限定性修饰词时 what was the name of the war in the USA which lasted 5 years? 2.当先行词是one, ones, anyone,等时用who; those做先行词时,指人用who, 指物用which Those who want to go to the Great Wall sign up here.He who has never been to the Great Wall is not a true man.3.介词+which, whom (二)关系代词as和which引导的定语从句 l as和which引导非限制

20、性定语从句,有相同之处也有不同之处。具体情况是: 1.As和which都可以在定语从句中做主语或者宾语,代表前面整个句子。 (1) He married her, as/which was natural (2) He was honest, as/which we can see.2.as引导非限制性定语从句,可放在主句之前,或者主句之后,甚至可以切割一个主句;which引导的非限制性定语从句只能放在主句之后。另外,as有“正如,正像”的意思 (1) As is known to all, China is a developing country.(2) He is from the so

21、uth, as we can see from his accent.(3) John, as you know, is a famous writer.(4) He has been to Paris more than several times, which I don”t believe.注意:当主句和从句存在逻辑上的因果关系时,常用which (5) Tom was always late for school, which made his teacher angry.3.当先行次受such, the same修饰时,常用as (1) I have never heard such

22、 a story as he tells.(2) He is not such a fool as he looks.(3) This is the same book as I lost last week.注意:当先行次由the same修饰时,偶尔也用that引导定语从句,但是和由as所引导的定语从句意思不同 (4) She wore the same dress that she wore at Mary”s wedding.（同一事物） 她穿着她在Mary婚礼上穿过的一条裙子。 (5) She wore the same dress as her young sister wore.

23、（非同一事物） 她穿着和她妹妹所穿的一样的裙子。 (三)以the way为先行词的定语从句通常由in which, that引导,而且通常可以省略。常考 1 way作先行词,如果是在定语从句中 是作主语或宾语 与其他名词做先行词 用法一样 如 this is the way that/which he helps me a lot 作主语 这就是 对我帮助很大的方法 this is the way that/which /省略he told me 作宾语 这就是他告诉我的那种方法 2 way作先行词,如果是在定语从句中 作状语 有三种引导方法 a .the way in which b.the

24、 way that c.the way 省略关系词 如 this is the way /in which/that/ he studies english 这就是他学习英语的方法the way 在定从中 作方式状语 修饰 学习 也就是 他用这种方法 学习英语 (四)区分定语从句和同位语从句 1.定语从句修饰先行词,它和先行词是修饰关系;同位语从句说明先行词的具体内容,是补充说明的关系，两者性质不同，地位不同 (1) The plane that has just taken off is for London.定语从句 (2) The fact that he has been dead i

25、s clear.同位于从句 判断：看缺不缺成分 2.定语从句由关系代词或者关系副词引导,关系词在句中充当成分,有时可以省略;同位语从句主要由that引导,在句中一般不做成分，不能省略！;句子也可以由when, where, how, why, whether, what等词引导,充当成分 (1) The news he told me is true.(2) The news that he has just died is true.3) The problem that we are facing now is how we can collect so much money.定语 (4)

26、 The problem how we can collect so much money is difficult to solve.（五）去掉结构后是否是一个完整的句子 It is I that/who went to help him as soon as I can.As: 1.As可以引导定语从句.有时可译为“正如”.此时,常常是as从句在前,主句在后.例如：As we can see,he is a Chinese.2.As 还可引导原因状语从句,“因为,由于” 例如：As he is so lazy,he never cooks by himself.cold 3.As还可引导时

27、间状语从句,“当,随着” 例如：As the weather is colder and colder,the leaves of the tree is less and less.4.As还可引导方式状语从句,“按照” 例如：You must do the work as I have told you.5.As还可引导让步状语从句.“尽管”.但是注意,as引导方式状语从句时从句必须倒装.而且这种倒装和一般的倒装不一样.as从句的倒装一般是把从句的表语或作状语的副词提到as之前,（如果表语是一个带有不定冠词a或an的单数名词,倒装后a或an必须省略).例如：as he is a little boy,he knows a lot.如果变成由AS引导,就必须变成： Little boy as he is,he knows a lot.Though he works hard ,he never succeed.可变为 Hard as he works,he never succeed.