Trainer Notes.docx
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TrainerNotes
PML2TrainingNotes
What’sNewinPML2
ObjectsandObjectmethods
Formnamesarenowprecededwith!
!
i.e.setupform_fred
followedby:
setupform!
!
fred
resultsinanerrorbecause!
!
fredwasalreadydefinedinthepreviousassignment
Formsarenowloadeddynamically
returnerrornoalertallowsanerrortobereturnedwithoutanymessages
WhattoavoidinPML2
Commandswithdollarsin
$m-$m+
$W25
Numberedvariables
$v1-120
Thevarcommand
var!
xname
var!
xread
Synonyms
Globalvariables
Whattoavoidinformsandmenus
Dotsingadgetnames
selectorgadgets
Userdata
Pixmapviews
Alertgadgets
Radiogroups
SimpleTextingadgets
Numbersatthebeginningofgadgetnames
Waitontoshowforms
Dolist/pane/sel
What’snotchangedinPML2
Intheory,alloldPMLshouldworkinPDMS11.1.Verylittleoftheoldappwarehasbeenconvertedbecausethiswouldbeawasteofresources.Cadcentrepolicyonconvertingappwaretousenewfacilitiesistoonlyupgradeappwarewhenmodificationsarebeingmadeinthatarea.
Theonlyexceptiontothis,iswherenewfacilitiesincorecodesupersedeorimprovefunctionalityanditisnecessarytowritenewcodetousetheextrafunctionality.
NewEnvironmentVariables
PMLLIB/DIRECTORYNAME
Thisisadirectorywhichissearchedwhenthesystemlooksforfunctionsandforms
PMLTRACEON/OFF
WhensettoON,PMLTRACEwilldisplayatraceofallmacroscalledintheunixcommandshell.Thiscanalsobeswitchedonoroffonthecommandline,soitisprobablybettertosetthevariabletooffandusecommandstocontroltraceasbefore.
ThecommandinPDMSis-PMLTRACEON/OFF
PMLCOMPILEON/OFF
EnvironmentvariablePMLDEBUGONwillwriteatracefile
Availablevariabletypes
$v1oldstylenotrecommended
!
aNamedvariablesbothglobalandlocal!
!
global!
local
NOTE:
!
aisevaluatedastextautomaticallybyusing$!
A（earlyevaluation）
Namedvariablesarenowtypedvariablesasoneofthefollowing
STRING‘TextinquotesorverticalbarsuptoaMaxof254?
char’
REALAnynumber
BOOLEANTRUE,FALSEThesearenottexti.e.‘TRUE’,’FALSE’
ARRAYAnytypeincludingarraysofarraysofanything
OBJECTSAcollectionofdifferentvariablesunderauserdefinedtype
Variablescanbepredefinedasaparticulartypeorreverttotypewhentheyareset
Therearetwowaysofsettingvariables
Var!
a（25）!
aisastring
!
a=25!
aisareal
!
a=‘xyz’!
aisastring
!
a[1]=75!
a[1]isarealelementofarray!
a
Note:
otherelementsinthesamearraycanbeofanytype
!
a=TRUE!
aisBOOLEAN
BewarePreversion11thevarcommandwasusedtosetallvariablesanditproducedastring.Nowwedon’tusevarapartfromcollections.
VariablesmayalsobecreatedbeforetheyareusedusingMethods
!
!
Answer=real（）
!
textline=String（）
!
test=boolean（）
!
squares=array（）
Alloftheabovehavethevalue‘unset’
Therearevariouswaysoftestingwhetheravariableexistsorisset:
If（undefined（!
x））then
If（defined（!
x））then
If（unset（!
x））then
If（!
x.unset（））then
If（set（!
x））then
If（!
x.set（））then
Tomakeavariableundefinedi.e.emptyit.
!
x.delete（）
var!
xdelete
Arrays
arraysmaybesparsei.e.youcansetinindexorder
Negativesubscriptsarenotpermitted
Asubscriptofzerocanbeusedbutisnotadvised
doloopfromandtovariablescannowincludeexpressionsandevenfunctions
Arraymethods
!
arraysize=!
arraything.size（）Replacesvar!
arraysisze（arraysize（!
arraything））
Setsthevariablearraysizetothenumberofelementsinthearray
!
testarray.clear（）Deletesallelementsfrom!
testarray
!
test.removefrom（5,20）Removes20elementsfromelementnumber5
!
new=!
test.removefrom（5,20）Removes20elementsasaboveandcreatesanew
arraywiththe20elementsinside.
!
myarray.append（!
newdata）actslikevar!
arrayappend‘fhjffj’
!
myarray.[27].delete（）Deleteselement27ofthearraythearraystillexists
!
myarray.delete（）Deletesthearrayentirely
!
line=‘thisisalineoftextwithsomefunnyspaces‘
!
line=!
line.trim（‘lrm’）
trimsthespacesfromthevariablecalled!
line
!
line=‘thisisalineoftextwithsomefunnyspaces‘
!
lines=!
line.split（!
line）
Splitsthestring!
lineintoanarrayofstringscalled!
lines.
Note:
wecouldnotusethesamevariablenamebecauseitisadifferenttype
!
a=!
lines.size（）givesthenumberofelementsinthearray
!
a=!
lines.width（）givesthenumberofcharactersinthelongestwordofthearray
Noresultmethods.
!
lines.sort（）sortsthearray!
linesandreturnsthearrayinitssortedform
!
lines.invert（）invertsthearrayorderfirsttolastetc.Thesemethodsworkonlyontheoriginalarray.Attemptstosetanotherarrayresultsinanerror.
i.e.!
new=!
lines.sort（）Givesanerror
Theoldmethod.
!
ind=!
lines.sortedindices（）Producesasortedindexwithoutchangingtheoriginalarray.Thiscanbeusedtosortparallelarraysinthesamewayasbefore.
!
lines=!
lines.relindex（!
ind）Re-ordersanarrayaccordingtotheorderofarray!
ind
Ifappliedtotheoriginalarray,itwouldhavethesameeffectasasimplesort,itsuseistosortparallelarrays.
TheCurrentElementvariable
Thereisoneglobalvariablewhichisalwayssetbythesystemtobetheelementyouarepositionedatinthedatabase-thisiscalled!
!
CE.!
!
CEisanobjectoftypeDBREF.Itsattributesaredescribedasmembersoftheobject.
e.g.
!
tem=!
!
ce$*createsavariablewhichisacopyof!
!
ce
1
qvar!
tem$*QueriestheattributesoftheDBREFpointedtoby!
item
=8196/8
NAME->‘DA/2000’
TYPE->‘SITE’
LOCK->FALSE
OWNER->=8196/0
DESC->‘MAINREACTORAREA’
FUNC->‘’
PURP->‘’
NUMB->0
AREA->0
POS->E0mmN0mmU0mmWRT/*
ORI->YisNANDZisUWRT/*
MODU->‘’
ORRF->Unset
STMF->Unset
:
MATERIAL->‘CarbonSteel’
qvar!
item$*gives
/DA/2000$*withoutalloftheotherstuff
!
item$*asacommand,doesnothing
$!
item$*navigatesto/DA/2000
Queryingattributes
qvar!
item.pos$*gives
E0mmN0mmU0mmWRT/*
ORIGIN=8196/0
UP0
EAST0
NORTH0
qvar!
item.e$*querytheeastposition
0
qvar!
item.pos.origin$*givesalloftheattributesof=8196/0
qvar!
item.pos.origin.lock$*givesthelockof=8196/0
qvar!
item.pos.wrt（=8196/32）$*usesthemethodWRT（DBREF）toextracta$*positionrelativetosomeotherdatabase$*reference
METHODS/FUNCTIONS
Differentdatatypesinpmlhaveassociatedbuiltin‘methods’whichmaybeusedtoconvertorreaddatainaparticularway.Somemethodsaresimilartothebuiltinfunctionspreversion11.1asintheexamplebelow:
!
NCHARS=!
MYSTRING.LENGTH（）$*THISISAMETHOD
!
NCHARS=LENGTH（!
MYSTRING）$*THISISAFUNCTIONCALL
Thepreversion11.1syntaxforthefunctioncallwouldhavebeenasfollows:
VAR!
NCHARSLENGTH（|$!
MYSTRING|）$*THISISA10.5FUNCTIONCALL
Thedifferencebetweenthe10.5exampleandthe11.1exampleisthatversion11nowreturnsatypedvariable（REAL）whereversion10.5wouldhavereturnedastring.
MethodsarebuiltinforvariousdatatypesandarelistedinappendixAoftheCustomisationguide.
Blockevaluationofarrays
Blockevaluationisamethodofsteppingthrougheachelementofanarrayandperformingsomeaction.Ineffect,itislikeasinglecommanddoloop.
Toperformblockevaluation,therearetwostages:
Firstyouneedtodefinetheexpressionwhichwilloperateonthearrayelements
Second,youneedtoapplytheexpressiontoanarray
Theexpressionisstoredinavariableandisdefinedasfollows:
!
EXPRESSIONVAR=OBJECTBLOCK（‘!
!
ARRAYNAME[!
EVALINDEX]*2’）
the!
!
arrayname[!
evalindex]bitiseffectivelythenameofthevariablebeingoperatedonbytheexpression.Intheexampleabove,theresultwouldbetomultiplyallofthenumbersintheinputarrayby2.Thevariable!
evalindexisaspecialvariableusedinblockevaluation.Anyothervariablenamewillnotwork!
Toapplytheexpressionisasfollows:
!
!
newarray=!
!
arrayname.evaluate（!
expressionvar）
Thiscreatesanarraycalled!
!
newarraycontainingthenumbersoftheoriginalarraymultipliedby2.Theoriginalarraycanalsobemodifiedusingthismethod:
!
!
arrayname=!
!
arrayname.evaluate（!
expressionvar）
Herearesomesimpleexamples
!
text='thisisalineoftext'
!
myarray=!
text.split（）
Thiscreatesanarraycalled!
!
myarraywithsixelements
!
myarray[1]=‘this’
!
myarray[2]=‘is’
!
myarray[3]=‘a’
!
myarray[4]=‘line’
!
myarray[5]=‘of’
!
myarray[6]=‘text’
Nowwecandefinesomeblocks
!
extractchar1=objectblock（'subs（!
myarray[!
evalindex],1,1）'）
!
new=!
myarray.evaluate（!
extractchar1）
Thisextractsthefirstcharacterofeachwordintoandarraycalled!
new
givingthefollowing:
!
new[1]=‘t’
!
new[2]=‘i’
!
new[3]=‘a’
!
new[4]=‘l’
!
new[5]=‘o’
!
new[6]=‘t’
!
extractchar1=objectblock（'upcase（subs（!
myarray[!
evalindex],1,1））'）
!
new=!
myarray.evaluate（!
!
extractchar1）
Thisdoesthesameasbefore,butalsochangestheletterstouppercase
!
new[1]=‘T’
!
new[2]=‘I’
!
new[3]=‘A’
!
new[4]=‘L’
!
new[5]=‘O’
!
new[6]=‘T’
!
extractchar1=objectblock（'upcase（subs（!
myarray[!
evalindex],1,1））&|fred|'）
!
new=!
myarray.evaluate（!
extractchar1）
Thisdoesasbefore,butusesthe&charactertoappendthestringfredtotheresult
!
new[1]=‘Tfred’
!
new[2]=‘Ifred’
!
new[3]=‘Afred’
!
new[4]=‘Lfred’
!
new[5]=‘Ofred’
!
new[6]=‘Tfred’
!
extractchar1=objectblock（'!
!
t
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