初高中英语衔接课程讲义第七章 复合句宾语从句状语从句定语从句.docx
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初高中英语衔接课程讲义第七章复合句宾语从句状语从句定语从句
第七章复合句(宾语从句、状语从句、定语从句)
宾语从句考点集汇,讲解和训练
一.宾语从句的种类
宾语从句是一种名词性从句,在句中作及物动词的宾语,或介词的宾语,或形容词的宾语。
根据引导宾语从句的不同连词,宾语从句可分为三类。
1.由that引导的宾语从句。
That只有语法作用,没有实在的意义,在口语
和非正式文体中可以省略。
例如:
Hesaid(that)hewantedtostayathome.
Shedoesn’tknow(that)sheisseriouslyill.
Iamsure(that)hewillsucceed.
2.由连接代词who,whom,whose,what,which和连接副词when,where,why,how引导的宾语从句。
这些连接代词和连接副词在宾语从句中充当某个成分。
例如:
Doyouknowwho(whom)theyarewaitingfoe?
Heaskedwhosehandwritingwasthebest.
CanyoutellmewheretheNo.3busstopis?
Idon’tknowwhythetrainislate.
3.由if或whether引导的宾语从句。
If和whether在句中的意思是“是否”。
例如:
Iwanttoknowif(whether)helivesthere.
Heaskedmewhether(if)Icouldhelphim.
二.宾语从句的语序
宾语从句的语序应为陈述句的语序。
例如:
Ihear(that)physicsisn’teasy.
Ithink(that)youwilllikethisschoolsoon.
CanyoutellmehowIcangettozoo?
Pleasetellmewhenwe’llhavethemeeting.
三.宾语从句的时态
1.如果主句的时态是一般现在时,宾语从句该用什麽时态就用什麽时态。
例如:
Idon’tthink(that)youareright.
Pleasetelluswhereheis.
CanyoutellmehowIcangettotherailwaystation?
2.如果主句的时态是一般过去时,宾语从句只能用相应的过去时态(一般过去时,过去进行时,过去将来时,过去完成时)。
例如:
Heaskedwhattimeitwas.
Hetoldmethathewaspreparingforthesportsmeet.
HeaskedifyouhadwrittentoPeter.
HesaidthathewouldgobacktotheU.S.soon.
3.如果宾语从句所陈述的是客观真理,其时态常用一般现在时。
例如:
OurteachersaidthatJanuaryisthefirstmonthoftheyear.
Scientistshaveprovedthattheearthturnsaroundthesun.
【演练】
1.Doyouknow_______duringthecomingsummerholiday?
A.whatwillTomdoB.whatdidTomdo
C.whatTomwilldoD.whatTomdid
2.Iwanttoknow_________.
A.whatishisnameB.what’shisname
C.thathisnameisD.whathisnameis
3.Doyouknow________Icouldpasstheexam?
A.thatB.whetherC.whatD.which
4.Jimdoesn’tunderstand____________.
A.whichisthewaytothemuseum
B.whyhiswifealwaysgoesshopping
C.whatisthewaytothemuseum
D.whydoesshealwaysgoshopping
5.---Couldyoutellme______sheislookingfor?
A.thatB.whoseC.whoD.which
6.Mr.Kingdidn’tknow_______yesterdayevening.
A.whendoeshissoncomehome
B.whenhissoncomeshome
C.whendidhissoncomehome
D.whenhissoncamehome
7.Couldyoutellme_______thebikethismorning?
A.howdoeshemendB.howhemends
C.howhemendedD.howdidhemend
8.---I’mwaitingforthemail.Doyouknow________itwillarrive?
---Usuallyitcomesby4:
00.
A.howB.whereC.whenD.what
9.---Excuseme,wouldyoupleasetellme________?
---Certainly.Gostraightalonghere.It’snexttoahospital.
A.howwecangettothepostoffice
B.howcanwegettothepostoffice
C.howgettothepostoffice
D.howcouldwegettothepostoffice
10.---CanIhelpyou?
---Yes.I’dlikeatickettoMountEmei.Canyoutellme______taketogetthere?
A.howsoonwillitB.howsoonitwill
C.howlongitwillD.howlongwillit
11.Hewantedtoknow___________.
A.whetherhespeaksatthemeeting
B.whenthemeetingwouldstart
C.whathe’sgoingtodoatthemeeting
D.wherewouldthemeetingbeheld
12.---Couldyoutellme_________theBambooGarden?
---Thedayaftertomorrow,Ithink.
A.whenwillyouvisitB.whenyouwillvisit
C.whenwouldyouvisitD.whenyouwouldvisit
13.Wouldyoupleasetellme_________next,MrWang?
A.whatshouldwedoB.weshoulddowhat
C.whatweshoulddoD.shouldwedowhat
14.Youcan’timagine_________whentheyreceivedtheseniceChristmaspresents.
A.howtheywereexcitedB.howexcitedtheywere
C.howexcitedweretheyD.theywerehowexcited
15.Iwanttoknow________youwillcomebackat8:
00tomorrow.
A.thatB.whenC.whereD.whether
16.---Couldyoutellme____________?
---Sorry,Idon’tknow.Iwasnotatthemeeting.
A.whatdoeshesayatthemeeting
B.whatdidhesayatthemeeting
C.whathesaysatthemeeting
D.whathesaidatthemeeting
17.---Couldyoutellme_________lastnight?
---Er,IwaswatchingEuro2004athome.
A.whatyouweredoingB.whatwereyoudoing
C.whatyouaredoingD.whatareyoudoing
18.Theteacheraskedthestudents__________.
A.iftheywereinterestedindinosaurs
B.whenwasAlbertEinsteinborn
C.whattheywilldowiththecomputers
D.howmanytreestheyhaveplanted
19.Everymorningthepatientsareaskedif________theirtemperaturetaken.
A.theyhadhadB.havetheyhad
C.theyhavehadD.hadtheyhad
20.It’suptoyoutodecide_______you’llgothere,byairorbyroad.
A.howB.whyC.thatD.when
【练习答案】
1.C2.D3.B4.B5.C6.D7.C8.C9.A10.C11.B12.B13.C14.B15.D16.D17.A18.A19.C20.A
状语从句的考点集汇,讲解和训练
【名师点睛】
用来修饰主句中的动词,副词和形容词的从句叫状语从句。
根据其含义状语从句可分为时间状语从句,地点状语从句,条件状语从句,原因状语从句,结果状语从句,比较状语从句,目的状语从句,让步状语从句。
1.时间状语从句
(1)时间状语从句常用when,as,while,before,after,since,till,until,assoonas等连词来引导。
例如:
Itwasraininghardwhengottoschoolyesterday.
Whilehewasdoinghishomework,thetelephonerang.
Ashewalkedalongthelake,hesanghappily.
HehadlearnedalittleChinesebeforehecametoChina.
Afterhefinishedmiddleschool,hewenttoworkinafactory.
(2)在时间状语从句里,通常不用将来时态,用现在时态表示将来的动作或状态。
例如:
I’llringyouupassoonasIgettoNewYork.
Iwilltellhimeverythingwhenhecomesback.
Hewon’tbelieveituntilheseesitwithhisowneyes.
(3)在带有till或until引导的时间状语从句的主从复合句里,如果主句用肯定式,其含义是“一直到……时”,谓语动词只能用延续性动词。
如果主句用否定式,其含义是“直到……才……”,“在……以前不……”,谓语动词可用瞬间动词。
例如:
Theyoungmanreadtillthelightwentout.
Let’swaituntiltherainstops.
Wewon’tstartuntilBobcomes.
Don’tgetoffuntilthebusstops.
2.条件状语从句
(1)条件状语从句通常由if,unless引导。
例如:
Whatshallwedoifitsnowstomorrow?
Don’tleavethebuildingunlessItellyouto.
(2)在条件状语从句里,谓语动词通常用现在时态表示将来的动作或状态。
例如:
I’llhelpyouwithyourEnglishifamfreetomorrow.
Hewon’tbelateunlessheisill.
(3)“祈使句+and(or)+陈述句”在意思上相当于一个带有条件状语从句的复合句。
例如:
Hurryup,oryou’llbelate.
=Ifyoudon’thurryup,you’llbelate.
Studyhardandyouwillpasstheexam.
=Ifyoustudyhard,youwillpasstheexam.
3.原因状语从句
(1)原因状语从句通常由because,since,as引导。
例如:
Hedidn’tcometoschoolbecausehewasill.
Asitisraining,weshallnotgothezoo.
Sinceyoucan’tanswerthequestion,I’llasksomeoneelse.
(2)because表示直接原因,语气最强。
Because引导的原因状语从句多放在主句之后。
回答由why提出的问题,只能用because。
As和since语气较弱,一般用来表示明显的原因。
由as和since引导的原因状语从居多放在句首。
例如:
------Whyaren’tgoingthere?
------BecauseIdon’twantto.
Ashehasnocar,hecan’tgetthereeasily.
Sincewehavenomoney,wecan’tbuyit.
(3)because和so不能同用在一个句子里。
4.结果状语从句
(1)结果状语从句由so…that,such…that,sothat引导。
例如:
Heissopoorthathecan’tbuyabikeforhisson.
Sheissuchagoodteacherthateverybodylikesher.
Mypencilfellunderthedesk,sothatIcouldn’tseeit.
(2)so…that语such...that可以互换。
例如:
在由so...that引导的结果状语从句中,so是副词,与形容词连用。
其结构是:
“...so+形容词(副词)+that+从句”。
例如:
Hewassogladthathecouldn’tsayaword.
Thehallissobigthatitcanhold2,000people.
Motherlivessofarawaythatwehardlyeverseeher.
在由such…that引导的结果状语从句中,such是形容词,它修饰的可以是单数或复数可数名词,也可以是不可数名词;名词前面可以带形容词,也可不带。
如果是单数可数名词,前面需加不定冠词a或an。
例如:
Itwassuchahotdaythatnobodywantedtodoanything.
Hehadsuchlongarmsthathecouldalmosttouchtheceiling.
Hemadesuchrapidprogressthathedidverywellinthemid-term.
有时上述两种结构是可以互换的。
例如:
Itwassuchawonderfulfilmthatallofuswantedtoseeitagain.
=Thefilmwassowonderfulthatallofuswantedtoseeitagain.
Itissuchanimportantmatchthatnobodywantstomissit.
=Thematchissoimportantthatnobodywantstomissit.
(3)如果名词前由many,much,little,few等词修饰时,只能用so,不用such。
例如:
Soonthereweresomanydeerthattheyateupallthewildroses.
Hehassolittletimethathecan’tgotothecinemawithyou.
5.比较状语从句
比较状语从句通常由as…as,比较级+than…等连词引导。
例如:
TomrunsfasterthanJohndoes.
Thisclassroomisasbigasthatone.
6.目的状语从句
(1)目的状语从句通常由sothat,inorderthat引导。
例如:
Westartedearlysothatwecouldcatchthefirsttrain.
Hestudieshardsothathecouldworkbetterinthefuture.
Weusedthecomputerinorderthatwemightsavetime.
(2)sothat既可引导目的状语从句,又可引导结果状语从句。
区别这两种从句的办法有两个:
1)目的状语从句里往往带有情态动词can,could,may,might等。
2)从意思上看,目的状语从句往往表示的目的很明确。
例如:
Speakclearlysothattheymayunderstandyou.(目的状语从句)
Jackisbadlyillsothathehastorest.(结果状语从句)
7.让步状语从句
(1)让步状语从句通常由although,though等连词引导。
例如:
Thoughheisyoung,heknowsalot.
AlthoughIamtired,Imustgoonworking.
(2)although(though)不能用在同一个句子中。
例如:
我们不能说:
Thoughitwasraininghard,buthestillwentout.
应该说:
Thoughitwasraininghard,hestillwentout.或Itwasraininghard,buthestillwentout.
8.地点状语从句
地点状语从句常常由where来引导。
例如:
Gowhereyoulike.
Wherethereisawill,thereisaway.
【演练】
一.单项填空
1._______he’sold,hecanstillcarrythisheavybag.
A.ThoughB.SinceC.ForD.So
2.---Doyouknowifhe_______toplaybasketballwithus?
---Ithinkhewillcomeifhe______freetomorrow.
A.comes;isB.comes;willbeC.willcome;isD.willcome;willbe
3.Inthezooifachild_____intothewaterandcan’tswim,thedolphinsmaycomeup______him.
A.willfall;tohelpB.falls;tohelp
C.willfall;helpD.falls;helping
4.Idon’tremember________heworkedinthatcitywhenhewasyoung.
A.whatB.whichC.whereD.who
5.Wewillstayathomeifmyaunt________tovisitustomorrow.
A.comesB.comeC.willcomeD.iscoming
6.Thepoliceaskedthechildren_______crossthestreet________thetrafficlightsturnedgreen.
A.not;beforeB.don’t;whenC.notto;untilD.not;after
7.Iwaslateforclassyesterday_______therewassomethingwrongwithmybike.
A.whenB.thatC.untilD.because
8.I’llgoswimmingwithyouifI________freetomorro