maths 数学类词汇.docx

maths 数学类词汇.docx

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maths数学类词汇

定义 definition变量 variable面积area直径diameter半径radius公式formula单价unitprice范围range/scope/extent集合set法则principle本金principal利率interestrate利息interest单利simpleinterest复利compoundinterest正数positivenumber负数negativenumber解析式analyticexpression分类讨论classifieddiscussion性质nature（不是很确定）奇函数oddfunction偶函数evenfunction对称 symmetric坐标原点origin单调性monotonicity（不是很确定）任意 random周期性 periodic有界性boundedness 数学mathematics,maths（BrE）,math（AmE）公理axiom定理theorem计算calculation运算operation证明prove假设hypothesis,hypotheses（pl.）命题proposition算术arithmetic加plus（prep.）,add（v.）,addition（n.）被加数augend,summand加数addend和sum减minus（prep.）,subtract（v.）,subtraction（n.）被减数minuend减数subtrahend差remainder乘times（prep.）,multiply（v.）,multiplication（n.）被乘数multiplicand,faciend乘数multiplicator积product除dividedby（prep.）,divide（v.）,division（n.）被除数dividend除数divisor商quotient等于equals,isequalto,isequivalentto大于isgreaterthan小于islesserthan大于等于isequalorgreaterthan小于等于isequalorlesserthan运算符operator平均数mean算术平均数arithmaticmean几何平均数geometricmean n个数之积的n次方根  倒数（reciprocal）x的倒数为1/x  有理数rationalnumber无理数irrationalnumber实数realnumber虚数imaginarynumber数字digit数number自然数naturalnumber整数integer小数decimal小数点decimalpoint分数fraction分子numerator分母denominator比ratio正positive负negative零null,zero,nought,nil十进制decimalsystem二进制binarysystem十六进制hexadecimalsystem权weight,significance进位carry截尾truncation四舍五入round下舍入rounddown上舍入roundup有效数字significantdigit无效数字insignificantdigit代数algebra公式formula,formulae（pl.）单项式monomial多项式polynomial,multinomial系数coefficient未知数unknown,x-factor,y-factor,z-factor等式，方程式equation一次方程simpleequation二次方程quadraticequation三次方程cubicequation四次方程quarticequation不等式inequation阶乘factorial对数logarithm指数，幂exponent乘方power二次方，平方square三次方，立方cube四次方thepoweroffour,thefourthpowern次方thepowerofn,thenthpower开方evolution,extraction二次方根，平方根squareroot三次方根，立方根cuberoot四次方根therootoffour,thefourthrootn次方根therootofn,thenthrootsqrt

（2）=1.414  sqrt（3）=1.732  sqrt（5）=2.236常量constant变量variable坐标系coordinates坐标轴x-axis,y-axis,z-axis横坐标x-coordinate纵坐标y-coordinate原点origin象限quadrant  截距（有正负之分）intercede  （方程的）解solution几何geometry点point线line面plane体solid线段segment射线radial平行parallel相交intersect角angle角度degree弧度radian锐角acuteangle直角rightangle钝角obtuseangle平角straightangle周角perigon底base边side高height三角形triangle锐角三角形acutetriangle直角三角形righttriangle直角边leg斜边hypotenuse勾股定理Pythagoreantheorem钝角三角形obtusetriangle不等边三角形scalenetriangle等腰三角形isoscelestriangle等边三角形equilateraltriangle四边形quadrilateral平行四边形parallelogram矩形rectangle长length宽width周长perimeter面积area相似similar全等congruent三角trigonometry正弦sine余弦cosine正切tangent余切cotangent正割secant余割cosecant反正弦arcsine反余弦arccosine反正切arctangent反余切arccotangent反正割arcsecant反余割arccosecant补充：

集合aggregate元素element空集void子集subset交集intersection并集union补集complement映射mapping函数function定义域domain,fieldofdefinition值域range    单调性monotonicity奇偶性parity周期性periodicity图象image数列，级数series微积分calculus微分differential导数derivative极限limit无穷大infinite（a.）infinity（n.）无穷小infinitesimal积分integral定积分definiteintegral不定积分indefiniteintegral复数complexnumber矩阵matrix行列式determinant圆circle圆心centre（BrE）,center（AmE）半径radius直径diameter圆周率pi弧arc半圆semicircle扇形sector环ring椭圆ellipse圆周circumference轨迹locus,loca（pl.）平行六面体parallelepiped立方体cube七面体heptahedron八面体octahedron九面体enneahedron十面体decahedron十一面体hendecahedron十二面体dodecahedron二十面体icosahedron多面体polyhedron旋转rotation轴axis球sphere半球hemisphere底面undersurface表面积surfacearea体积volume空间space双曲线hyperbola抛物线parabola四面体tetrahedron五面体pentahedron六面体hexahedron菱形rhomb,rhombus,rhombi（pl.）,diamond正方形square梯形trapezoid直角梯形righttrapezoid等腰梯形isoscelestrapezoid五边形pentagon六边形hexagon七边形heptagon八边形octagon九边形enneagon十边形decagon十一边形hendecagon十二边形dodecagon多边形polygon正多边形equilateralpolygon相位phase周期period振幅amplitude内心incentre（BrE）,incenter（AmE）外心excentre（BrE）,excenter（AmE）旁心escentre（BrE）,escenter（AmE）垂心orthocentre（BrE）,orthocenter（AmE）重心barycentre（BrE）,barycenter（AmE）内切圆inscribedcircle外切圆circumcircle统计statistics平均数average加权平均数weightedaverage方差variance标准差root-mean-squaredeviation,standarddeviation比例propotion百分比percent百分点percentage百分位数percentile排列permutation组合combination概率，或然率probability分布distribution正态分布normaldistribution非正态分布abnormaldistribution图表graph条形统计图bargraph柱形统计图histogram折线统计图brokenlinegraph曲线统计图curvediagram扇形统计图piediagram数列是sequence极限是limit导数是derivative微分是differential积分是integral常数constant级数series幂级数powerseries二重积分 doubleintegral

数学mathematics,maths（BrE）,math（AmE）

公理axiom