中国矿业大学考博英语真题.docx
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中国矿业大学考博英语真题
中国矿业大学考博英语真题2012年
PartⅠReadingComprehension
PassageOne
Awisemanoncesaidthattheonlythingnecessaryforthetriumphofevilisforgoodmentodonothing.So,asapoliceofficer,Ihavesomeurgentthingstosaytogoodpeople.
DayafterdaymymenandIstruggletoholdbackatidalwaveofcrime.Somethinghasgoneterriblywrongwithouronce-proudAmericanwayoflife.Ithashappenedintheareaofvalues.Akeyingredientisdisappearing,andIthinkIknowwhatitis:
accountability.
Accountabilityisn'thardtodefine.Itmeansthateverypersonisresponsibleforhisorheractionsandliablefortheirconsequences.
Ofthemanyvaluesthatholdcivilizationtogether-honesty,kindness,andsoon—accountabilitymaybethemostimportantofall.Withoutit,therecanbenorespect,notrust,nolaw—andultimately,nosociety.
Myjobasapoliceofficeristoimposeaccountabilityonpeoplewhorefuse,orhaveneverlearned,toimposeitonthemselves.Butaseverypolicemanknows,externalcontrolsonpeople'sbehaviourarefarlesseffectivethaninternalrestraintssuchasguilt,shameandembarrassment.
Fortunatelytherestillcommunities—smallertowns,usually—whereschoolsmaintainingdisciplineandwhereparentsholdupstandardsthatproclaim:
"Inthisfamilycertainthingsarenottolerated—theysimplyarenotdone!
"
Yetmoreandmore,especiallyinourlargercitiesandsuburbs,theseinnerrestrainsareloosening.Yourtypicalrobberhasnone.Heconsidersyourpropertyhisproperty;hetakeswhathewants,includingyourlifeifyouenragehim.
Themaincauseofthisbreakdownisaradicalshiftinattitudes.Thirtyyearsago,ifacrimewascommitted,societywasconsideredthevictim.Now,inashockingreversal,it'sthecriminalwhoisconsideredvictimized:
byhisunderprivilegedupbringing,bytheschoolthatdidn'tteachhimtoread,bythechurchthatfailedtoreachhimwithmoralguidance,bytheparentswhodidn'tprovideastablehome.
Idon'tbelieveit.Manyothersinequallydisadvantagedcircumstanceschoosenottoengageincriminalactivities.Ifwefreethecriminal,evenpartly,fromaccountability,webecomeasocietyofendlessexcuses,wherenooneacceptsresponsibilityforanything.
WeinAmericadesperatelyneedmorepeoplewhobelievethatthepersonwhocommitsacrimeistheoneresponsibleforit.1.Whatthewisemansaidsuggeststhat______.
A.It'sunnecessaryforgoodpeopletodoanythinginfaceofevil
B.It'scertainthatevilwillprevailifgoodmendonothingaboutit
C.It'sonlynaturalforvirtuetodefeatevil
D.It'sdesirableforgoodmentokeepawayfromevil
答案：
B
[解答]本题为细节题。
本文以智者的话“Awisemanoncesaidthattheonlythingnecessaryforthetriumphofevilisforgoodmentodonothing.”引入主题，即邪恶的胜利就是善良之人无所作为。
从下文可知，作者要告诉人们，不应对罪犯再采取纵容的态度，为他们的犯罪行为寻找借口，而应认识到真正对犯罪行为负责的应该是罪犯本人。
B选项与原文意思一致，为正确选项。
A和D选项与智者的话意思相反。
C选项文中并未提及。
因此，B选项正确。
2.Accordingtotheauthor,ifapersonisfoundguiltyofacrime,______.
A.societyisheldtoberesponsible
B.modemcivilizationisresponsibleforit
C.thecriminalhimselfshouldbeartheblame
D.thestandardsoflivingshouldbeimproved
答案：
C
[解答]本题为细节题，考查因果逻辑关系。
根据文章最后三段可知，第八段作者比较了过去和现在人们对待犯罪的态度；第九段作者对现在将犯罪行为归结为外部因素的观点提出质疑；最后一段中作者指出，犯罪本人应对自己的犯罪行为负责。
所以，C选项为正确选项。
A、B和D选项都是将外部原因归结为结论，是作者所批判的观点。
因此，C选项正确。
3.Comparedwiththoseinsmalltowns,peopleinlargecitieshave______.
A.lessself-discipline
B.bettersenseofdiscipline
C.moremutualrespect
D.lesseffectivegovernment
答案：
A
[解答]本题为事实细节题。
本文第六、七段对比了大城市和小城市人们的自我约束性，作者指出，小城镇的人强调纪律，而大城市中人们自我约束力越来越松散。
所以，A选项符合原文意思。
B选项与原文意思正好相反。
C和D选项属无中生有，文中并未提及。
因此，A选项正确。
4.Thewriterissorrytohavenoticedthat______.
A.peopleinlargecitiestendtoexcusecriminals
B.peopleinsmalltownsstillsticktoolddisciplineandstandards
C.today'ssocietylackssympathyforpeopleindifficulty
D.peopleindisadvantagedcircumstancesareengagedincriminalactivities
答案：
A
[解答]本题为细节推理题。
根据第八段“Themaincauseofthisbreakdownisaradicalshiftinattitudes.Thirtyyearsago,ifacrimewascommitted,societywasconsideredthevictim.”可知，人们对罪犯态度彻底变了，为罪犯犯罪找借口。
A选项符合原文意思。
第六段中作者对小城镇人们对纪律和标准的坚持持积极态度，故排除B。
C选项属无中生有。
而D选项与作者观点正好相反。
因此，A选项正确。
PassageTwo
Encouragedbythepolicythatfostersautomarketforthecountry'sover200millionfamilies,automotivetradingcompanieshavemushroomedinallprovincesandautonomousregions.Servicecompaniesarealsoformedtoprofitbygatheringinformationonautomotiveoperationandorganizingadvertisingandpublicrelationscampaignsforautomakers.Manydailynewspapershavesetasideoneormorepagestoregularlycarrynewsandinformationinthearea.Dozensofcarmagazinesseemtohaveleaptintobeingovernight.
However,opinionsaboutautomotivedevelopmentarevaried.ManyChinesebelievemillionsofadditionalmotorvehicleswillworsenthetrafficproblemandtail-gas-relatedenvironmentalpollution.Withsome10millionmotorvehiclesofwhichsome1.5millionaretowns.Andparkinghasincreasinglybecomeaheadache.Petrolisanotherproblem.Chinaproduces142milliontonsofcrudeoilayear,whichtranslatesintoaverylowpercapitaaverage.By1993,Chinahadalreadybecomeanetimporterofoil.Butitcannotimportmuchmoreoilbyspendingenormousforeignexchangetofeedtensofmillionsformotorvehicles.
Despiteallthedisagreements,Chinaneedsarapiddevelopmentoftheautomotiveindustrywhichwillboostmanyotherindustriesincludingmetallurgy,rubber,petro-chemical,plastic,textiles,electronicsandmachinery.Moreimportant,itwillboostconstructionofroadsandparkingfacilitiesandpromoteprogressofenvironment-relatedtechnologies.
Chineseautomotiveindustrialexpertspredictthatnewfieldsinthetradewillemergetoabsorbdomesticandoverseas,investment.Theseincludeproductionofnewautomaterials,refineryoffuel（non-leadgasoline,etc.）anddevelopmentofnewenergy.1.Accordingtothefirstparagraph,whatistheresultofthepolicyonautomarket?
A.Automotivetradingcompaniessprangup.
B.Servicecompaniesaremakingmoneybyprovidinginformationfortheautomakers.
C.Manynewspapersandmagazineregularlycarrynewsandinformationonautomotiveindustries.
D.Alloftheabove.
答案：
D
[解答]本题为事实细节分析题。
根据第一段内容，汽车市场政策出台后，汽车销售公司如雨后春笋般遍地开花，提供汽车制造商信息的服务公司开始赚钱，而媒体也开辟单独的版块刊登汽车业的消息。
因此，A、B和C选项内容均有提及。
D选项说包括所有三个选项内容正确，因此D选项为正确选项。
2.Whichisnotmentionedattheproblemscausedbytheautomotiveindustry?
A.Thetrafficproblemisgettingworse.
B.Thereistail-gas-relatedenvironmentalpollution,
C.Thereispetrolshortage.
D.People'sper-capitaincomebecomeslower.
答案：
D
[解答]本题为事实细节题。
根据第二段“willworsenthetrafficproblemandtail-gas-relatedenvironmental...Petrolisanotherproblem.”可知，A、B和C选项均为汽车业带来的问题。
D选项文中并未提及。
因此D选项正确。
3.Therapiddevelopmentofautomotiveindustryisimportantbecause______.
A.otherindustriesneedco-operationoftheautomotiveindustry
B.itcanstimulateoilimport
C.itwillboostconstructionofroadsandparkingfacilities
D.itwillgainmoreprofit
答案：
C
[解答]本题为事实细节题。
根据文中第三段可知，汽车业的发展对经济发展起到两大作用：
第一、促进其他行业发展；第二、促进公路和停车设施的新建，以及促进环保相关技术进步。
C选项符合第二个作用，故为正确选项。
汽车业促进其他行业发展，并不是说其他行业需要与汽车业合作，因此A选项不准确。
B和D选项文中并未提及。
4.Whichofthefollowingisimpliedbutnotstatedinthepassage?
A.Anation'spolicyoneconomycanaffectitseconomicbehaviourgreatly.
B.It'seasytomakemoneybyestablishingsomenewindustries.
C.Manypeopledon'tagreeonafastdevelopmentofautomotiveindustry.
D.SomeChineseautomotiveindustrialexpertspredictthatnewfieldsintheautomotivetradewillemergetoabsorbdomesticandoverseasinvestment.
答案：
A
[解答]本题为细节分析题。
根据最后一段“Chineseautomotiveindustrialexpertspredictthatnewfieldsinthetradewillemergetoabsorbdomesticandoverseas,investment.”可知，专家预测汽车行业会出现新的领域，这会吸收国内外的大量投资。
D选项内容文中明确说明了，故排除。
文章主要讲述的是政策带来的汽车行业的发展，以及对经济的影响。
A选项符合这一中心思想，故为正确选项。
B选项文中并未提。
人们认为汽车发展带来许多问题，但并不是说他们就不赞同汽车业的快速发展，C选项不准确。
因此A选项正确。
PassageThree
Thewaypeopleholdtothebeliefthatafunfilled,painfreelifeequalshappinessactuallyreducestheirchancesofeverattainingrealhappiness.Iffunandpleasureareequaltohappinessthenpainmustbeequaltounhappiness.Butinfact,theoppositeistrue:
moreoftenthannotthingsthatleadtohappinessinvolvesomepain.
Asaresult,manypeopleavoidtheveryattemptsthatarethesourceoftruehappiness.Theyfearthepaininevitablybroughtbysuchthingsasmarriage,raisingchildren,professionalachievement,religiouscommitment,self-improvement.
Askabachelorwhyheresistsmarriageeventhoughhefindsdatingtobelessandlesssatisfying.Ifheishonesthewilltellyouthatheisafraidofmakingacommitment.Forcommitmentisinfactquitepainful.Thesinglelifeisfilledwithfun,adventure,excitement.Marriagehassuchmoments,buttheyarenotitsmostdistinguishingfeatures.
Coupleswithinfantchildrenareluckytogetawholenight'ssleeporathree-dayvacation.Idon'tknowanyparentwhowouldchoosethewordfuntodescriberaisingchildren.Butcoupleswhodecidenottohavechildrenneverknowthejoysofwatchingachildgrowuporofplayingwithagrandchild.
Understandingandacceptingthattruehappinesshasnothingtodowithfunisoneofthemostliberatingrealizations.Itliberatestime:
nowwecandevotemorehourstoactivitiesthatcangenuinelyincreaseourhappiness.Itliberatesmoney:
buyingthatnewcarorthosefancyclothesthatwilldonothingtoincreaseourhappinessnowseemspointless.Anditliberatesusfromenvy:
Wenowunderstandthatallthosewhoarealwayshavingsomuchfunactuallymaynotbehappyatall.1.Accordingtotheauthor,abachelorresistsmarriagechieflybecause______.
A.heisreluctanttot
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