名利场毕业论文.docx

名利场毕业论文.docx

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名利场毕业论文

毕业论文（设计）

题目FromShapingtheCharactersofBeckytoAnalysisThackeray`sCriticismontheBritishSocietyinVanityFair

学院外国语学院

专业英语年级2012级

学生邓小岚

学号120310311

指导教师袁德成

从《名利场》中蓓基的人物形象塑造看萨克雷对英国社会的批判

英语专业

学生:

邓小岚指导教师:

袁德成

摘要：

《名利场》是一部富有讽刺寓意的小说，使萨克雷在英国文学史上占据了不可动摇的地位，人们尊称他为讽刺小说界的大师，人们把他与查尔斯狄更斯齐名。

《名利场》通过刻画女主人公蓓基的人物性格特征来表现作者萨克雷对当时英国社会的批判，蓓基爱慕虚荣，八面玲珑，趋炎附势，自私自利，虚伪，为了达到自己的目的而不择手段，并且逃避责任，这些都是当时英国那些上流社会达官贵人的基本特征。

女主人公蓓基把自己的美色展露给大家，尤其是达官贵人，对达官贵人使眼色，眉目传情，凭借和达官贵人的不正当关系来提升自己的地位，获得金钱，获得金银珠宝，锦衣玉食。

一个普通女人如何获得财富？

当然不是靠自己的双手，而是靠男人。

蓓基的一生中出现过很多男人，罗登是她丈夫，然而她并不爱自己的丈夫，只是因为她以为罗登是家产继承人而嫁给了他。

本文通过研究作者萨克雷对女主人公蓓基的性格描写来揭露和批判当时英国社会中很多跟蓓基一样为了了进入上流社会而不择手段。

关键词：

人物形象塑造；英国社会；批判；名利场

ABSTRACT

VanityFairisanovelwhichfullofironicimplication,whichhasmadeThackeray`sunshakablepositioninthehistoryofBritishliterature.PeopleregardhimasamasteroffictionandheisequallyfamousasCharlesDickens.VanityFairbydepictingtheheroineBecky`spersonalitytraitstorepresentThackeray`scriticismonBritishsocietyatthattime,Beckyisvanity,versatility,timeserving,selfishnessandhypocrisy.Shealwaysavoidsresponsibility,thosearethetypicalbasicfeaturesoftheEnglishpolitesocialdignitaries.TheheroineBeckyshowseveryoneherownbeauty,especiallytothedignitaries,winkingandflirtingdignitariesandkeepingimproperrelationshipwithdignitariestoimproveherownpositions,getthemoney,getgoldandsilverjewelry,andluxurious.Howtogainwealthasanordinarywoman?

Ofcoursenotbytheirownhands,butbytheman.Becky'slifeappearedalotofmen,Rawdonisherhusband,shedoesnotloveherhusband,however,justbecauseshethoughtRawdonistheheirtothefortuneandsomarriedhim.Inthispaper,bystudyingauthorThackeray`scharacterportrayaloftheheroineBeckytoexposeandcriticizeatthattimealotofwomanlikeBeckyinordertoentertheuppersocietybyhookorbycrookinBritishsociety.

Keywords:

theshapingofimage;theBritishsociety;critical;VanityFair

Contents

Acknowledgments18

FromShapingtheCharactersofBeckytoAnalysisThackeray`sCriticismontheBritishSocietyinVanityFair

Partone.Introduction

1.1AbriefintroductionofThackeray

VanityFairisamasterpieceofthegreatestBritishrealistandhumoristwriterThackeray.Thackerayisaprolificwriter,hehasacollectionof35volume;Hisearlyworksarehumorousstoriesandpoetry,suchasthedescriptionsofParis,theIrishdescriptions,etc.;Inthemiddle,hestarttocreatecriticalrealismnovels,andwhichnovellaidhispositionintheliteraryworldinUKisVanityFair,whichispublishedin1848,thenovelnotonlyestablishedhisplaceintheEnglishliteraturebutalsomadeThackerayacknowledgedastheeponymousfamousnovelistDickens.

1.2AnintroductionofVanityFair

ANovelwithoutaHeroisanovelbyEnglishauthorWilliamMakepeaceThackeray,firstpublishedin1847–48,satirisingsocietyinearly19th-centuryBritain.Itfollowsthelivesoftwowomen,BeckySharpandAmeliaSedley,amidtheirfriendsandfamily.Thenovelisnowconsideredaclassic,andhasinspiredseveralfilmadaptations.In2003,VanityFairwaslistedat#122ontheBBC'sTheBigReadpolloftheUK'sbest-lovedbooks.

Thebook'stitlecomesfromJohnBunyan'sallegoricalstoryThePilgrim'sProgress,firstpublishedin1678andstillwidelyreadatthetimeofThackeray'snovel.Inthatwork,"VanityFair"referstoastopalongthepilgrim'sroute:

anever-endingfairheldinatowncalledVanity,whichismeanttorepresentman'ssinfulattachmenttoworldlythings.

Thisnovelisoriginatedfromtheearly19thcenturyBritishupper-class,mainlydescribesthetwowomen'sfateindifferentpersonalities,showstheworldatthattimetheBritishsocietymoralcrisisandcorruption,andexposeandcriticizethecapitalistsociety,socialchangeintemperatureandtheconceptofmoney.ThisnovelsmainlydescribingthedarkofBritishhighsocietyandthephenomenonofallkindsofpeopleplanningplot,lies,teasingthelifeforfameandwealth.ThenovelVanityFairisThackeray'smostfamouswork,itisalsothemostrepresentativeworkin19thcenturyBritishcriticalrealismliterature.VanityFair,throughthearrangementoftheplotinanattempttoprove"everythingisundeservedreputationfloat,"itrevealstheprosperityofcapitalistsocietywithlightoutside,letpeopleseetheessenceofit.Thackerayhimselfsaidthathewouldwrite"agroupofextremelyselfishandfollypeopledesperatelycommittedandenthusiasticpursuitofundeservedreputationinVanityFair"VanityFairdoesn`thavesotightstorystructure,thecontentofthematterisbasicallymadeupofthelifeoftwoheroinesBeckyandAmeliatogether.AmeliaisabourgeoismissandBeckyisnothingatall,throughthefateofthetwoheroines,Thackeraydescribesavarietyofpeopleinthehighsociety.Thisarticlethroughtheanalysisofthetwowomencharacterstorevealsthecorruption,moralpeople'sselfish,hypocriticaltreacherousinthehigherBritishsociety. 

In19thcenturyofBritain,Beckysharpwasbornpoorbutambitioustostepintothehigherclasssocietyfromanearlyage,toachievehergoal,shedoesnothesitatetouseanymeans,thisnovelisabouthowtheheroineBeckyuseherownbeautyandwisdomtoconquertheworld.AtfirstBeckywasworkingasagovernorinSirPittCrawley`shome,wherenotonlyallthechildrenlikedher,butalsothespinsterauntMatildaCrawleydid.InBecky`smindthatsheknewthatifshedidn`tleavethecountryandgotoLondontolive,shecannottrulystepintothehigherBritishsociety.SowhenauntMatildainviteBeckytogotoLondon,Beckyacceptedtheinvitationwithoutanyhesitation.InLondon,Beckymethergoodfriendagaininpink,Kingstoncollege,awell-offAmeliaSedley.AmeliaSedleyfellinlovewiththecharmingofficerGeorge,withoutthinkinganyagainstfromherfamilyandresolutelymarriedhim,andBeckyalsosecretlymarriedRawdonCrawley,themostlikelyheirinCrawley`sfamily,andthenMatildaaggravatedthenewly-marriedcoupleoutofthehouse.Atthispoint,NapoleonlaunchedthewaragainstEuropeagain,GeorgewascalledupwithRawdon,thereareonlytwofriendslivedaloneeverafter...

Parttwo.ThecharacteranalysisofVanityFair

2.1Cold

Beckysharpiscoldwhichembodiedinherson,sheisindifferencetoherson.Asceneoncewrote,Rawdonplaywithsonandthrewuphissonhighandaccidentallyhithisheadontheceiling,knockveryheavy,andthenRawdon,thefathersaiddon'tcry,otherwisewillwakethemother,andthechildendurenottocry.Wecanseethathercoldletherbothownsonandhusbandfear.Shedoesn'tloveherhusband,herhusbandwasonlyahigherservant,whenherhusbandputinjail,shewasstillwithplaywithLordstein.

2.2Hypocritical

Beckysharpishypocrisy.AmeliaSedleyisherbestfriend,andtheyusedtobetogetherassisters,however,sheandRawdondesignacaughtcheatingAmy`shusband,George`smoney,andwhenshemeetAmy,shepretendtobeveryconcernaboutherhusband,andsay,"Mydear,forgodsake,trytostophimgamblingquickly.ShetoldAmythatGeorgewasgamblingeveryday,doyouknowthatheisnotsorich,ifheisnotcareful,hewouldlostallhismoneytoRawdon."Beckysharpbyhookorbycrook,allwithgambling,blackmail.They"cheatthelandlord,tookoffachequetothehonestbanker`smoney,boughtjewelrywithoutpaying."

2.3Vanity

VanityFair`sheroineBeckyisveryvanity,withallherheartsecretlyintoupperclasssocietylife,andsoeloquentmustbeoneofheressentialskill.Therearemanysuchexamplesaboundinthebook.

IntheeveningtheywenttoBrussels,BeckystartedtochatwithGeorge.Beckylookedatthemoonwithsmilingandsaid:

"whowouldhavethoughtthatthemoonistwohundredandthirty-sixthousandeighthundredandforty-sevenmilesawayfromushere,amIgoodmemory?

"...（W.M.Thackeray2010:

283）

Becky'seloquentsuccessfullaythefoundationofherintotheupperclasssociety,herpositiveevaluationofherabilities,behavedquitenatural,whichmakethelistenerinimperceptibleinaffectionforher,bythiswaysheimprovedherstatusinBritishupperclasssociety.Alsotherearemanypeoplelikeherinthedownclass,theyaresopoor,theywanttochangetheirlifetobecomeamemberoftheupperclass.

2.4Versatility

Beckyisacleverwoman,shefoundthatMisslikestomakefunofothers,soshetrieseverymeantoderideitssocialcircletogetherwiththeoldlady,almosteveryoneofMisssocialcircle,inordertopleaseMiss.Suchas:

IfSirPittTreatingguestswithoutinvitingBeckycompany,Misscrowcanbreakintoafuriousrage,"HowcanMissSharpnotcome,sheistheonlyonewhocantalkedafewwordswithmeinzone.（W.M.Thackeray2010:

122）

Beckywaslivelyandcute,andversatility.Nomatterinwhatsituation,aslongasthatthereissomeonewhocanbehelpfultoherfuture,shewilltryallpossiblewaytopleasethem.Beckyisjustatypicalsampleofthattime,similarly,therearealotofpeopleinBritishsocietyforthesakeoftheirfuturefawnonanyonewhocanbehelpful..

2.5Timeserving

Beckyisverygoodatflattering,sheisnotonlytopleaseSir,butalsoshowherwisdomandtalentinfrontofhim,herflatteryabilitymakesreaderseye-opening.Becky,devotingallherhearttoflattery,soletstalkaboutwhatistherealpurposeofher?

MightaswelllistentoherwordstoRawdon:

"I'maskingMrsJeantakingmeintopalacenextyear,Iwantyourbrothertoplaceyouinthecongress,youidiot!

IwantyouandyourbrotherallvotetoStan,mydearfool!

InthatwayyoucanbetheIrishgovernor,orthesecre