英语选择性必修一unit1Discovering Useful Structures.docx

英语选择性必修一unit1Discovering Useful Structures.docx

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英语选择性必修一unit1DiscoveringUsefulStructures

SectionⅢ　DiscoveringUsefulStructures

表语从句

1．（教材P2）Onetheorywasthatbadaircausedthedisease.

2．（教材P2）Anotherwasthatcholerawascausedbyaninfectionfromgermsinfoodorwater.

3．（教材P3）ThetruthwasthatthewaterfromtheBroadStreetpumphadbeeninfectedbywaste.

4．（教材P5）WhatJohnSnowshowedtotheworldwashowcholeracouldbeovercome.

5．（教材P5）WhatSnowwasdeterminedtofindoutwaswhythe1854outbreakofcholerainLondoncouldhavecaused500deathswithintendays.

在句中充当表语的从句称为表语从句。

这种从句往往是进一步对主句的主语进行解释说明。

考点一　引导表语从句的连词

引导表语从句的连词有连接代词（what、which、who、whom、whose），连接副词（when、where、why、how等）以及that、whether、asif/asthough、because等。

1．that引导表语从句

that引导表语从句时仅起连接作用，无任何意义，在从句中不担任成分，一般不省略。

◆ThetroubleisthatIhavelosthisaddress.

问题是我把他的地址丢了。

2．whether引导表语从句

whether引导表语从句时起连接作用，意为“是否”，在从句中不充当成分。

◆Myquestioniswhetherheleftornot.

我的问题是他是否离开了。

一般不用if引导表语从句。

【即时演练1】——用适当的连接词填空

①（2019·江苏卷）Anotheruniquehumancharacteristicisthatwewalkupright.

②（2019·江苏卷）Thequestion,however,iswhetherthisiswhatthedevelopingcountriesneedthemost.

③（2019·浙江卷6月）WhatIcansayforthefolksthatgavethemost,isthattheywerefullofsmiles.

3．连接代词引导表语从句

连接代词what、which、who（m）、whose等引导表语从句时，本身有意义，除了在句中起连接作用外，还在从句中充当主语、宾语、表语、定语等成分。

◆Theproblemiswhoshouldberesponsibleforthetask.

问题是谁应该为这项工作负责。

◆（2019·全国卷Ⅱ）Motivationiswhatyouneedmosttodoagoodjob.　动机是你做好工作最需要的东西。

【即时演练2】——用适当的连接词填空

①（2018·北京卷）Thisiswhatmyfatherhastaughtme—toalwaysfacedifficultiesandhopeforthebest.

②（安徽卷）Ashipinharborissafe,butthat'snotwhatshipsarebuiltfor.

③Theproblemiswhoisreallyfitforthehardjob.

4．连接副词引导的表语从句

连接副词when、where、why、how等引导表语从句时，除在句中起连接作用外，在从句中往往作状语（时间、地点、原因、方式）。

◆Thatwaswherewecampedlasttime.

那就是上次我们野营的地方。

◆ThelasttimewehadgreatfunwaswhenwewerevisitingtheWaterPark.

我们上一次玩得很开心是参观水上公园的时候。

◆Sarawascaughtinatrafficjamthismorning.Thatiswhyshewaslateforschool.

萨拉今天早上遇到了堵车，那就是她上课迟到的原因。

【即时演练3】——用适当的连接词填空

①（2018·北京卷）Withouthissupport,wewouldn'tbewherewearenow.

②（2018·江苏卷）Byboatistheonlywaytogethere,whichishowwearrived.

③（广东卷）Thatiswhyfishprefershallowwatertodeepwaterbecausetheformeriswarmer.

5．asif/asthough、because等引导的表语从句

asif/asthough引导的表语从句常置于系动词look、seem、sound、be、become等后面。

because引导的表语从句常见于“This/That/Itis/wasbecause...”句型中。

◆Itsoundsasifsomeoneisknockingatthedoor.

听起来好像有人在敲门。

◆Shedidn'tpasstheexam.That'sbecauseshedidn'treview.

她没有通过考试，那是因为她没有复习。

【即时演练4】——用适当的连接词填空

（安徽卷）Fromspace,theearthlooksblue.Thisisbecauseaboutseventyonepercentofitssurfaceiscoveredbywater.

考点二　表语从句与虚拟语气

在表示建议、劝告、命令含义的名词后的表语从句，谓语动词需用“should＋动词原形”表示，should可省略。

常见的词有：

advice、suggestion、order、proposal、demand、requirement等。

◆Mysuggestionisthatwe（should）startearlytomorrow.我的建议是我们明天一早就出发。

◆Hisorderisthatthecloth（should）bewovenrightnow.

他的指示是立刻纺织布料。

【即时演练5】——单句语法填空

①Mysuggestionisthathe（should）_tell（tell）hisparentsaboutit.

②Herdemandisthatallofus（should）_be（be）presentatthemeeting.

Ⅰ.用适当的连接词填空

1．—IdrovetoZhuhaifortheairshowlastweek.

—Isthatwhyyouhadafewdaysoff?

2．OnereasonformyfailureoftheexaminationisthatIdidn'tsleepwellthenightbeforeit.

3．Whatthedoctorsreallydoubtiswhethermymotherwilldefeattheseriousillness.

4．Youaresayingthateveryonehasalreadyhadequalrights,andthisiswhereIdisagree.

5．Itrainssohardanditlooksas_if/as_thoughitwilllastlong.

6．ThatJimmywonthepresidencyonceagainwaswhatmanypeoplehadn'texpected.

7．HowcouldwelivewithouttheInternet?

That'showmostofuskeepintouchwitheachother.

8．Noonedislikeshavingweekends.That'sbecauseonSaturdaysandSundayswecandowhateverwelike.

9．Asiswellknowntoall,theSpringFestivaliswhenthefamilyarereunitedandcelebratetheNewYear.

10．Heisnotthebestcandidatefortheposition.Sotheproblemiswho/whomwecangettoreplacehim.

Ⅱ.语法与写作（用表语从句完成句子）

1．看起来好像他去过北京。

Itseemedas_if_he_had_been_to_Beijing.

2．（湖南卷）正如约翰·列侬曾经说过的那样，当你忙着为生活另做打算时，它已悄然来临。

AsJohnLennononcesaid,lifeiswhat_happens_to_youwhileyouarebusymakingotherplans.

3．我的愿望是能很快再来中国。

Mydesireisthat_I_（should）_come_to_China_again_soon．

4．问题是我们是否必须马上做出决定。

Thequestioniswhether_we_have_to_make_a_decision_at_once_or_not．

5．我不明白她为什么要辞去现在的工作。

WhatIcannotunderstandiswhy_she_wants_to_resign_her_present_job．

Ⅲ.句型转换

1．Isuggestthatthework（should）bestartedatonce.

→My_suggestionisthatthe_work_（should）_be_started_at_once．

2．Hedidn'tcometoschool.Thatwasbecausehewasill.

→Hewasill.That_was_why_he_didn't_come_to_school.

→Thereasonwhy_he_didn't_come_to_schoolwasthat_he_was_ill．

3．Weallknowthattheearthturnsaroundthesun.

→Whatisknowntousallisthat_the_earth_turns_around_the_sun．

4．IdiscussedwithmyclosefriendswhetherIwouldimmediatelyhaveababy.

→ThequestionIdiscussedwithmyclosefriendswaswhether_I_would_immediately_have_a_baby．

Ⅰ.单句语法填空

1．Chinaisdevelopingfast.That'swhyIthinkthoseofmycolleagueswhodealwithChinaaffairsshouldvisitChina.

2．Thereasonthathegaveforbeinglatewasthatheforgottosetthealarmclock.

3．Luckiswhathappenswhenpreparationmeetsopportunity.

4．Hefinishedwritinghisfirstnovellastyear,andweallthinkthatiswhenhiscareerreallytookoff.

5．—DoyouthinkitwiseforChinesemotherstotrytodoeverythingfortheirchildren?

—No,that'swheretheyaremistaken.

6．Iamafraidhe'smoreofatalkerthanadoer,whichiswhyheneverfinishesanything.

7．Lookatherface.Itseemsasif/thoughshehaddoneagreatthing.

8．—Ihaveaheadache.

—Itisbecauseyouhaveslepttoolittlethosedays.

9．ThequestioniswhowilltravelwithmetoBeijingtomorrow.

10．（2019·全国卷Ⅱ）AndtheotherwasthatIwantedtohelppeopleinneed.

Ⅱ.阅读理解

A

AshipthatsankoffthecoastofCaliforniadecadesagowasrecentlyreconstructedindetail.The3Ddigitalmodelevenincludedhundredsofsponges（海绵动物）thathavegatheredontheship'ssurfacesinceitsank.

NamedAmericanHeritage,thesupplyshipsankinSantaMonicaBayonMay4,1995,andfordecadesitsexactlocationwasunknown.ResearcherswiththeMontereyBayAquariumResearchInstitute（MBARI）spottedastrangeshapeinthatareain2008.Butitwasn'tuntilMay2018thatMBARIscientistsidentifieditsexactlocationandmappedthesiteindetail,showingwhatappearedtobeashipwreck（失事船只）．

Eventhen,theidentityoftheshipwreckwasuncertain.YetanotherMBARIteamrevisitedthelocationtodofurtherexploration.Theysentremotelyoperatedvehicles（ROVs）andtookphotosofthedamagedship.Thoughitwascoveredwithdeepseaspongesandotheranimals,thescientistswereabletospotlettersspellingoutitsname,confirmingthattheshipwreckwasAmericanHeritage.

AsoneoftheMBARIscientistswhofoundAmericanHeritage,chiefROVpilotKnuteBrekkehadworkedontheshipbefore.AndhewasondutywiththedivingcompanyAmericanPacificMarine—theownerofAmericanHeritage—thenighttheshipbegantakinginwaterandeventuallysank.

MBARIspokespersonKimFultonBennettsaidtoLiveScienceaboutthediscovery，“Themodelisnotcomplete,asfloatingropesandpoorvisibilitykeptthepilotsfromgettingtooclosetothewreck.Butthe3DreconstructionisdetailedenoughtoshowthatAmericanHeritageisnowhometothousandsofsponges.Shipwrecksoftenturnintotheshelterfordiversecommunitiesofoceanlife.”

【解题导语】　本文是一篇说明文。

文章主要介绍了几十年前在加利福尼亚海岸沉没的一艘船进行了细致的重建。

3D数字模型甚至包括了自沉船以来聚集在船体表面的数百的海绵动物。

1．Whatisthemainideaofthetext?

A．Avaluabletreasurewasdiscovered.

B．Specialspongeswerefoundundersea.

C．3Dmodelreconstructedasunkenship.

D．Asunkenshipwasgottenoutofwater.

C　解析：

主旨大意题。

根据第一段“AshipthatsankoffthecoastofCaliforniadecadesagowasrecentlyreconstructedindetail.The3Ddigitalmodelevenincludedhundredsofsponges（海绵动物）thathavegatheredontheship'ssurfacesinceitsank.”是全文的主题句，结合全文内容可知，这篇文章主要讲了三维模型重建沉船。

故选C。

2．Whichistherightorderofthefollowingevents?

①Somethingstrangewasfoundinthearea.

②ROVsweresentunderseatotakephotos.

③AshipsankinSantaMonicaBay.

④Theidentityoftheshipwasconfirmed.

⑤Scientiststriedtolocatetheshipwreck.

A．②③⑤④①B．③①⑤②④

C．⑤③①④②D．④③①②⑤

B　解析：

细节理解题。

根据第二段中的“NamedAmericanHeritage,thesupplyshipsankinSantaMonicaBayonMay4,1995”和“Researcherswiththe...spottedastrangeshapeinthatareain2008.”以及“May2018thatMBARIscientistsidentifieditsexactlocation...”和第三段中的“Theysentremotelyoperatedvehicles（ROVs）andtookphotosofthedamagedship.”和“thescientistswereabletospotlettersspellingoutitsname,confirmingthattheshipwreckwasAmericanHeritage”可知，事件发生的正确顺序是：

一艘船在圣莫尼卡湾沉没→在这个地区发现了一些奇怪的东西→科学家们试图确定失事船只的位置→ROVs被派到水下拍照→这艘船的身份得到确认。

故选B。

3．WhatcanwelearnaboutKnuteBrekke?

A．Hewasfamiliarwiththesunkenship.

B．Hewasinchargeofadivingcompany.

C．Hewasresponsiblefortherescuework.

D．Hewasthefirstonetowitnesstheaccident.

A　解析：

推理判断题。

根据倒数第二段“AsoneoftheMBARIscientistswhofoundAmericanHeritage,chiefROVpilotKnuteBrekkehadworkedontheshipbefore.AndhewasondutywiththedivingcompanyAmericanPacificMarine—theownerofAmericanHeritage—thenighttheshipbegantakinginwaterandeventuallysank.”可推断出，克努特·布雷克很熟悉那艘沉船。

故选A。

4．What'sKimFultonBennett'sattitudetowardsthe3Dmodel?

A．Critical.B．Doubtful.

C．Amazed.D．Objective.

D　解析：

推理判断题。

根据最后一段中的“Themodelisnotcomplete,asfloatingropesandpoorvisibilitykeptthepilotsfromgettingtooclosetothewreck.Butthe3Dreconstructionisdetailed