英语选择性必修一unit1Discovering Useful Structures.docx

1、英语选择性必修一unit1 Discovering Useful StructuresSection Discovering Useful Structures表语从句1(教材P2)One theory was that bad air caused the disease.2(教材P2)Another was that cholera was caused by an infection from germs in food or water.3(教材P3)The truth was that the water from the Broad Street pump had been inf

2、ected by waste.4(教材P5)What John Snow showed to the world was how cholera could be overcome.5(教材P5)What Snow was determined to find out was why the 1854 outbreak of cholera in London could have caused 500 deaths within ten days. 在句中充当表语的从句称为表语从句。这种从句往往是进一步对主句的主语进行解释说明。考点一引导表语从句的连词 引导表语从句的连词有连接代词(what

3、、which、who、whom、whose)，连接副词(when、where、why、how等)以及that、whether、as if/as though、because等。1that引导表语从句that引导表语从句时仅起连接作用，无任何意义，在从句中不担任成分，一般不省略。The trouble is that I have lost his address.问题是我把他的地址丢了。2whether引导表语从句whether引导表语从句时起连接作用，意为“是否”，在从句中不充当成分。My question is whether he left or not.我的问题是他是否离开了。一般不用

4、if引导表语从句。【即时演练1】用适当的连接词填空(2019江苏卷)Another unique human characteristic is that we walk upright.(2019江苏卷)The question, however, is whether this is what the developing countries need the most.(2019 浙江卷6月)What I can say for the folks that gave the most, is that they were full of smiles.3连接代词引导表语从句连接代词wh

5、at、which、who(m)、whose等引导表语从句时，本身有意义，除了在句中起连接作用外，还在从句中充当主语、宾语、表语、定语等成分。The problem is who should be responsible for the task.问题是谁应该为这项工作负责。(2019全国卷) Motivation is what you need most to do a good job.动机是你做好工作最需要的东西。【即时演练2】用适当的连接词填空(2018北京卷)This is what my father has taught meto always face difficultie

6、s and hope for the best.(安徽卷)A ship in harbor is safe, but thats not what ships are built for.The problem is who is really fit for the hard job.4连接副词引导的表语从句连接副词when、where、why、how等引导表语从句时，除在句中起连接作用外，在从句中往往作状语(时间、地点、原因、方式)。That was where we camped last time.那就是上次我们野营的地方。The last time we had great fun

7、was when we were visiting the Water Park. 我们上一次玩得很开心是参观水上公园的时候。Sara was caught in a traffic jam this morning. That is why she was late for school.萨拉今天早上遇到了堵车，那就是她上课迟到的原因。【即时演练3】用适当的连接词填空(2018北京卷) Without his support, we wouldnt be where we are now.(2018江苏卷) By boat is the only way to get here, which

8、 is how we arrived.(广东卷)That is why fish prefer shallow water to deep water because the former is warmer.5as if/as though、because等引导的表语从句as if/as though引导的表语从句常置于系动词look、seem、sound、be、become等后面。because引导的表语从句常见于“This/That/It is/was because.”句型中。It sounds as if someone is knocking at the door.听起来好像有人

9、在敲门。She didnt pass the exam. Thats because she didnt review.她没有通过考试，那是因为她没有复习。【即时演练4】用适当的连接词填空(安徽卷)From space, the earth looks blue. This is because about seventyone percent of its surface is covered by water.考点二表语从句与虚拟语气在表示建议、劝告、命令含义的名词后的表语从句，谓语动词需用“should动词原形”表示，should可省略。常见的词有：advice、suggestion、o

10、rder、proposal、demand、 requirement等。My suggestion is that we (should) start early tomorrow. 我的建议是我们明天一早就出发。His order is that the cloth (should) be woven right now.他的指示是立刻纺织布料。【即时演练5】单句语法填空My suggestion is that he (should)_tell(tell) his parents about it.Her demand is that all of us (should)_be(be) pr

11、esent at the meeting.用适当的连接词填空1I drove to Zhuhai for the air show last week.Is that why you had a few days off?2One reason for my failure of the examination is that I didnt sleep well the night before it.3What the doctors really doubt is whether my mother will defeat the serious illness.4You are say

12、ing that everyone has already had equal rights, and this is where I disagree.5It rains so hard and it looks as_if/as_though it will last long.6That Jimmy won the presidency once again was what many people hadnt expected.7How could we live without the Internet? Thats how most of us keep in touch with

13、 each other.8No one dislikes having weekends. Thats because on Saturdays and Sundays we can do whatever we like.9As is well known to all, the Spring Festival is when the family are reunited and celebrate the New Year.10He is not the best candidate for the position. So the problem is who/whom we can

14、get to replace him. 语法与写作(用表语从句完成句子) 1看起来好像他去过北京。It seemed as_if_he_had_been_to_Beijing. 2(湖南卷)正如约翰列侬曾经说过的那样，当你忙着为生活另做打算时，它已悄然来临。As John Lennon once said, life is what_happens_to_you while you are busy making other plans.3我的愿望是能很快再来中国。My desire is that_I_(should)_come_to_China_again_soon4问题是我们是否必须马上

15、做出决定。The question is whether_we_have_to_make_a_decision_at_once_or_not5我不明白她为什么要辞去现在的工作。What I cannot understand is why_she_wants_to_resign_her_present_job.句型转换1I suggest that the work (should) be started at once.My_suggestion is that the_work_(should)_be_started_at_once2He didnt come to school. Tha

16、t was because he was ill.He was ill. That_was_why_he_didnt_come_to_school.The reason why_he_didnt_come_to_school was that_he_was_ill3We all know that the earth turns around the sun. What is known to us all is that_the_earth_turns_around_the_sun4I discussed with my close friends whether I would immed

17、iately have a baby.The question I discussed with my close friends was whether_I_would_immediately_have_a_baby.单句语法填空1China is developing fast. Thats why I think those of my colleagues who deal with China affairs should visit China.2The reason that he gave for being late was that he forgot to set the

18、 alarm clock.3Luck is what happens when preparation meets opportunity.4He finished writing his first novel last year, and we all think that is when his career really took off.5Do you think it wise for Chinese mothers to try to do everything for their children?No, thats where they are mistaken.6I am

19、afraid hes more of a talker than a doer, which is why he never finishes anything.7Look at her face. It seems as if/though she had done a great thing.8I have a headache.It is because you have slept too little those days.9The question is who will travel with me to Beijing tomorrow.10(2019全国卷) And the

20、other was that I wanted to help people in need.阅读理解AA ship that sank off the coast of California decades ago was recently reconstructed in detail. The 3D digital model even included hundreds of sponges (海绵动物) that have gathered on the ships surface since it sank.Named American Heritage, the supply s

21、hip sank in Santa Monica Bay on May 4, 1995, and for decades its exact location was unknown. Researchers with the Monterey Bay Aquarium Research Institute (MBARI) spotted a strange shape in that area in 2008.But it wasnt until May 2018 that MBARI scientists identified its exact location and mapped t

22、he site in detail, showing what appeared to be a shipwreck (失事船只)Even then, the identity of the shipwreck was uncertain. Yet another MBARI team revisited the location to do further exploration. They sent remotely operated vehicles (ROVs) and took photos of the damaged ship. Though it was covered wit

23、h deepsea sponges and other animals, the scientists were able to spot letters spelling out its name, confirming that the shipwreck was American Heritage.As one of the MBARI scientists who found American Heritage, chief ROV pilot Knute Brekke had worked on the ship before. And he was on duty with the

24、 diving company American Pacific Marinethe owner of American Heritagethe night the ship began taking in water and eventually sank.MBARI spokesperson Kim FultonBennett said to Live Science about the discovery，“The model is not complete, as floating ropes and poor visibility kept the pilots from getti

25、ng too close to the wreck. But the 3D reconstruction is detailed enough to show that American Heritage is now home to thousands of sponges. Shipwrecks often turn into the shelter for diverse communities of ocean life.”【解题导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了几十年前在加利福尼亚海岸沉没的一艘船进行了细致的重建。3D数字模型甚至包括了自沉船以来聚集在船体表面的数百的海绵动物。1

26、What is the main idea of the text?AA valuable treasure was discovered.BSpecial sponges were found under sea.C3D model reconstructed a sunken ship.DA sunken ship was gotten out of water.C解析：主旨大意题。根据第一段“A ship that sank off the coast of California decades ago was recently reconstructed in detail. The

27、3D digital model even included hundreds of sponges (海绵动物) that have gathered on the ships surface since it sank.”是全文的主题句，结合全文内容可知，这篇文章主要讲了三维模型重建沉船。故选C。2Which is the right order of the following events?Something strange was found in the area.ROVs were sent under sea to take photos.A ship sank in Sant

28、a Monica Bay.The identity of the ship was confirmed.Scientists tried to locate the shipwreck.A BC DB解析：细节理解题。根据第二段中的“Named American Heritage, the supply ship sank in Santa Monica Bay on May 4, 1995”和“Researchers with the. spotted a strange shape in that area in 2008.”以及“May 2018 that MBARI scientist

29、s identified its exact location.”和第三段中的“They sent remotely operated vehicles (ROVs) and took photos of the damaged ship.”和“the scientists were able to spot letters spelling out its name, confirming that the shipwreck was American Heritage”可知，事件发生的正确顺序是：一艘船在圣莫尼卡湾沉没在这个地区发现了一些奇怪的东西科学家们试图确定失事船只的位置ROVs被派

30、到水下拍照这艘船的身份得到确认。故选B。3What can we learn about Knute Brekke?AHe was familiar with the sunken ship.BHe was in charge of a diving company.CHe was responsible for the rescue work.DHe was the first one to witness the accident.A解析：推理判断题。根据倒数第二段“As one of the MBARI scientists who found American Heritage, ch

31、ief ROV pilot Knute Brekke had worked on the ship before. And he was on duty with the diving company American Pacific Marinethe owner of American Heritagethe night the ship began taking in water and eventually sank.”可推断出，克努特布雷克很熟悉那艘沉船。故选A。4Whats Kim FultonBennetts attitude towards the 3D model?ACritical. BDoubtful.CAmazed. DObjective.D解析：推理判断题。根据最后一段中的“The model is not complete, as floating ropes and poor visibility kept the pilots from getting too close to the wreck. But the 3D reconstruction is detailed