江苏大学学术论文写作4.docx

江苏大学学术论文写作4.docx

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江苏大学学术论文写作4

Unit4.Introduction（4hs）

TopicalHighlights

GeneralFunctionsofIntroduction:

introducingthesubject,limitingtheresearchscope,statingthegeneralpurpose,showingthewritingarrangement

StructuralFeaturesofIntroductionandSomeIdiomaticExpressions:

startingwiththeresearchbackground,transitingtotheexistingproblem,focusingonthepresentresearch

SpecialAttention:

sentencestructure

indicativesentences,imperativesentences,complexsentences,“It+be+adj./participle+thatclause…”

ThemePresentation

1.GeneralFunctionsofIntroduction

Everyprofessionalpapershouldhaveatleastoneortwointroductoryparagraphswithorwithoutaparticularsubtitle.Thelengthorthedegreeofformalityofapapermaydecidewhethertheintroductionshouldbeaseparate-labeledsection.Regardingthefunctionofanintroduction,awell-knownprofessionalwriteroncesaidthatit“maybethoughtofasapreliminaryconferenceinwhichthewriterandprospectivereader‘gointoahuddle’1andagreeinadvanceontheexactlimitsofthesubject,thetermsinwhichtodiscussit,theanglefromwhichtoapproachit,andtheplanoftreatmentthatwillbemostconvenienttoboth.”（J.RaleighNelson,WritingtheTechnicalReport,3rded.McGraw-Hill,NewYork,1952,p.36）Thisgivesusavividillustrationofthefunctionanintroductionperforms.

Generallyspeaking,thesuccessfulintroductionofapapershouldhavethefollowingfourfunctionstofacilitatethecommunicationprocess.

1.1IntroducingtheSubject

Whenretrievinginformation,areaderalwaysfirstskimsthetitle,theabstractandtheintroductionofapapertodeterminewhetherornotthedocumentisworthreading.Theauthorisheretosupplysufficientbackgroundinformationtorelievethereaderswhoarenotwell-informedinthisfieldoftroublesinunderstandingandevaluatingtheresultsofthegivenstudywithoutreferringtopreviouspublicationsonthetopic.Sincethetopicinthissectioniswhatthepaperisgoingtodealwith,thereaders,then,cangetapreliminarybutoverallimpressionbeforegoingonwiththefulltextofthepaper.

1.2LimitingtheResearchScope

Onlywhenanintroductionclearlydefinesthelimitsoftheresearchscope（thelimitswithinwhichyoutreatthesubject）canreadersretrievetheinformationefficientlyprovidedthatthesubjectisintroducedcorrectly.Sincetherearesomanyperspectivestobedealtwith2andyourresearchcouldproceedinanyoneofthem,narrowingdownthescopeofworkanddelimitingtheboundaryofyourstudy3becomesentirelynecessary.Thedefinitionofscopemayincludesuchitemsastherangeofparametersdealtwith,theexactsphereofthegeneralsubjectcoveredbythepaper,andwhethertheworkdescribedisexperimentalortheoretical,etc.Thereaders,thus,canbedirectedtoaspecificfocus.

Thereareanumberofexpressionsusedtolimitthescopeofwork:

●Theproblemiswithinthescopeof...

●Theproblemunderdiscussioniswithinthescopeof...

●Studiesoftheseeffectscoveredvariousaspectsof...

●Ourstudieswiththistechniqueareconfinedtoonlyoneparticularaspect...

●Theproblemdescribedpreviouslywasdirectedtotheexampleoff..,whichdiffersfrom...

●Thissubjectisconcernedchieflywiththestudyof...

●Theauthorhaslimitedhisstudiestotherelatedaspectsof...

●Theapproachunderstudyisonlyappliedto...

●TheproblemIhavereferredtofallswithinthefieldof...

●Theproblemwehavejustoutlinedseemstobeinsideoftheprovinceof...

●Thetheorycannotapplytoothercasesof...

●Theemphasisofthispaperistosurvey...

1.3StatingtheGeneralPurpose

Ifthefirsttwofunctionsofintroduction,i.e.introducingthesubjectandlimitingtheresearchscope,aretousherthereaderwheretostartandwhattotalkaboutinthepaper,thenthefunctionofstatingthegeneralpurposeisaimedattellingthereaderwhytowheretostartorwheretoguide.Herethetaskoftheabstractdrafteristoinformthereaderofthegeneralpurposeofthepaperandillustratetheprimaryobjectivesofhisresearch.Indoingso,hecanguidehisreadertoavoidanymisunderstandingofhisinclinationandmakeclearwhatthereaderhimselfcanexpecttogainfromtheabstractdrafter.

1.4ShowingtheWritingArrangement

Thelogicalarrangementofthewritingenablesthereadertounderstandthepapermoreeasilywhenfurtherreadingisnecessary.Thebestplaceforthisinformationcanbefoundattheendoftheintroduction.Inveryshortpapers,suchinformationiseasytograsp.Inpapersofanyappreciablelengthorcomplexity,however,ithastheadvantageofenablingthereadertoknowinadvanceofinformationtoexpectandinwhatordertogetit.Thusacleararrangementofyourpaperwillmakethereaderfeelconvenientandactiveintheirfurtherreading.