基于AHP的城市居民幸福指数分析.docx
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基于AHP的城市居民幸福指数分析
AreYouHappiness?
—thelifequalityofcitizenanalysisbasedonAHP
Groupmembers：
黄兰李烁
StudentID:
2012141081028（黄兰）
2012141081001（李烁）
一、Background
Withthedevelopmentofsocietyandthepeople'slivingstandardsimprovement,peoplepaymoreattentiontoimprovethequalityoflifeinsteadofsolvingtheproblemoffoodandclothing,peopledesireforthehappinessoflife.Basedonthese,ourteamanalyzemanyfactorsthatimpactonthequalityofourlivesinordertodrawsomeconclusions,toimprovepeople'shappinessindex.
OurteamuseAHPtoestablishmodeltoanalyzethekeyfactorsthataffectthecitizensofthehappinessindex.
二、WhatisAHP
TheanalytichierarchyprocesscalledAHP,whichformallyproposedbytheAmericantacticiansexpertThomas•Ossetia（T.L.Saaty）inthemid-1970s.Itisacombinationwayofqualitativeandquantitative,systematic,hierarchicalanalysis.Becauseofit’susefulandeffectiveindealingwiththecomplexdecisionproblem,itsoongotworldwideattention.Nowit’suseforeconomicplanningandmanagement,anddistributionareasofenergypolicy,behavioralscience,militarycommand,transport,agriculture,education,humanresources,healthandtheenvironment.
3、ThebasicmodelofAHP
1.Establishahierarchicalmodel.
Basiconin-depthanalysisofpracticalproblems,dividethevariousfactorsinanumberoflevelsfromtoptobottominthelightofthedifferentproperties,thefactorsinthesamelevelbelongingtotheelementinupperlevelorimpactontheelementinhigherlevel,atthesametime,theycontrolthefactorsinlowerlevelorbeingimpactbythesefactors.Thehighestlevelisthetargetlevel,onlyonefactorisinthislevel,generallythelowestlevelistheprogramorobjectlevel.Theremaybeoneorseverallevelsfromtopleveltobottomlevel,typicallyasacriterionorindicatorlevel.Whenthereistoomanycriteria（forexample,morethannine）,Itshouldbefurtherdecomposedinsub-standardlevel.
2.Establishpairedcomparativematrix.
Startingfromthesecondlevelofthehierarchicalmodel,towardsthefactorsinthesamelevelwhichbelongingto（orinfluence）higherlevel,usecomparativematrixand1-9scalecomparisonmethodtoestablishcomparativematrixuntilthelowestlevel.
3.Thecalculationoftheweightvectorandtheconsistencytest.
Calculatethemaximumeigenvalueandthecorrespondingeigenvectorforeachpairedcomparativematrix,useconsistencyindex,randomconsistencyindexandconsistencyratiotocompletetheconsistencytest.Ifthetestispassed,thefeaturevector（normalized）istheweightvector:
Iffailed,thenweneedtore-constructpairedcomparativematrix.
4.Thecalculationofthecombinationofweightvectorandtheconsistencytestofcombination.
Calculatetheassembleweightvectorofthelowestleveltothetargetlevel,anddoassembleconsistencytestaccordingtotheformula,ifthetestispassed,theresultsoftheassembleweightvectorcanbeexpressedindecision-making,orneedtorethinkorre-establishamodelthathavealagerconsistencyratiopairedcomparisonmatrix.
4、TheadvantageofAHP
AHPhasmanyadvantages;themostimportantpointissimpleandclear.AHPisapplicablenotonlyinthesituationwhichexistuncertainandsubjectiveinformation,butalsoallowstheuseofexperience,insightandintuitioninalogicalway.PerhapsthebiggestadvantageofAHPisproposedlevelitself,whichmakesthebuyertocarefullyconsiderandweightherelativeimportanceoftheindicators.
5、Solvingthemodel
（1）EstablishAHPmodel
—ThehappinessindexofcitizenistargetlevelA
—StandardlevelincludesincomestatuscalledB1;ConsumerpricelevelcalledB2,MedicarecalledB3,andhumanitiescalledB4,HousepricescalledB5.
—Sub-standardlevel:
ShangHaireferredC1;PeKingreferredC2;ChengDureferredtoC3.
Themodelisbuildasfollows:
（2）Ourstandardforselectingindicators
IneightCPCGuangdongProvincialCommitteeoftheTenthPlenarySession,PartySecretaryWangYangpointedoutthatthroughthedevelopmentofthehappinessindexassessmentindicators,urginggovernmentsatalllevelstoimplementanddopracticalthingsforthepeople.Howtodefinehappinessindex,howtounderstandthepolicyfunctionsofthehappinessindex,howtopreparethehappinessindexindicators,etc.,areundoubtedlyworthexploring.
Whenselectingthefactors,ourteamconsideredthecontemporaryhappinessindexindicators,understandthatthehappinessindexiscoreindicatorofthecitizenlivingquality,basedonacomprehensiveandsystematic,scientificandeffectiveprinciple,wechosesixindicators.Houseprices,livingprice,therevenueiswithourlives,directlydeterminesourqualityoflife,accordingtothesurvey,thehousepriceofthecity,candirectlyaffectthequalityoflifeofcitizens.Medicareasamanifestationofanurbancommunityservicesystem,relatedtoaseriesofpeople'slivelihood,Medicareisfineornot,howhospitalcharges,doctorsethicsproblemandsoon,allthesecanaffectpeoplehappinessindex.Humanities,weknowthatpeopleinmodernsocietymusthavecontactwiththeenvironment,andtheHumanitiesandhistoricalprecipitationofacitycanaffectthequalityofpeople'shappinessindex.
Basedontheaboveanalysis,weultimatelyselectedgroupincome,thepricelevelofconsumption,healthcare,culturaltraining,housingpricesasameasureofhappinessindex.ForfurtheranalysesResidents'HappinessIndexinShanghai,Beijing,Chengdu.
（3）EstablishComparativeMatrix
ThecomparativematrixfromTargetlevelAtoB1.B2，B3.B4.B5.B6
ThecomparativematrixfromstandardlevelB1toC1.C2.C3
ThecomparativematrixfromstandardlevelB2toC1.C2.C3
ThecomparativematrixfromstandardlevelB3toC1.C2.C3
ThecomparativematrixfromstandardlevelB4toC1.C2.C3
ThecomparativematrixfromstandardlevelB5toC1.C2.C3
（4）Consistencytest
1）TheconsistencytestfromstandardlevelAtoB
=
=1/350（i=1j=1.2.3.4.5）
=
=1/18（i=2j=1.2.3.4.5）
=
=112（i=3j=1.2.3.4.5）
=
=15/2（i=4j=1.2.3.4.5）
=
=15/2（i=5j=1.2.3.4.5）
=
=2.248
（i=1）
=
=0.000437（i=2）
=
=0.88148（i=3）
=
=0.059027（i=4）
=
=0.059027（i=5）
=2.0428
=3.91666
=16
=10.5
=10.5
=
=5.073
=0.018
SoRI=1.12
CR=CI/RI
=0.016<0.1
Thenconsistencytestcheck.
Thentheweightvectoris
（0.457,0.236,0.051,0.103,0.126）
2）TheconsistencytestfromstandardlevelB1toC1,C2，C3（Methodstepsasabove）
=3.002
CI=0.001
CI/RI=0.001/0.58<0.1
Thenconsistencytestcheck.
Thentheweightvectoris
（0.082,0.224,0.674）
3）TheconsistencytestfromstandardlevelB2toC1,C2，C3
Theconsistencytestcheck.
Thentheweightvectoris
（0.606,0.256,0.129）
4）TheconsistencytestfromstandardlevelB3toC1,C2，C3
Theconsistencytestcheck.
Thentheweightvectoris
（0.429,0.429,0,143）
5）TheconsistencytestfromstandardlevelB4toC1,C2，C3
Theconsistencytestcheck.
Thentheweightvectoris
（0.636,0.185,0.179）
6）TheconsistencytestfromstandardlevelB5toC1,C2，C3
Theconsistencytestcheck.
Thentheweightvectoris
（0.167,0.167,0.667）
（5）Finalweightsandscores：
Rank：
Chengdu>Shanghai>Beijing
六、analysistheconclusions
Inallthreecities,theresidentsinChengduhavethestrongesthappinessindex,becauseofitshighpercapitaincome;thepaceoflifeisright,housepricesbereasonablecontrolledandotherfactors.Asadevelopedcity,thehappinessindexinPekingandShanghaiisnothigh,largelyascribetogreatereconomiccourtpressure,especiallyheavyburdenfromhighhouseprices,coupledwithfiercecompetitionforjobs,trafficcongestion,highcostintheirchildren'seducationandotherfactors.
Entitled"WhitePaperonmiddle-classfamilieshappy,"wasrecentlyreleased,accordingtothesurveyresults,Jiangsu,Sichuan,Fujian,Chongqing,fourcitieswiththehighesthappinessindex,nearlyhalfoftherespondentsexpressedsatisfactionwiththestatusoffamilylife.ThemostdevelopedcitieslikeShenzhen,Beijing,andShanghaihavethelowerhappinessindex.Become"nothappy"cityinmiddle-classfamilies’mind,otherwiseknownas"pseudo-happinesscity."
Thesurveyfoundthatwatchingfromincome,peoplewhoseannualhouseholdincomefrom110,000to200,000havethestrongesthappinessindex;seefromtheage,peoplewhoare30yearsoldto35yearsoldhavethestrongestfamilyhappinessindex,watchingfromaregionalperspective,thesecond-tiercitieshavegreaterhappinessindexthanthemiddle-classfamiliesliveinthefirst-tiercities.
The"whitepaper"analysis,thevastmajorityofrespondentsbelievethathealth,emotionalintelligence,financialintelligence,familyresponsibilitiesandsocialenvironmentisthemostimportantfactorsthataffectingthefamilyhappinessindex.Meanwhile,thecommunicationamongfamilymembersisalsoanimportantfactoraffectingfamilies’happinessindex,andamongtheotherfourimportantfactorsareinextricablylinked.
Instructor:
陶志苗
References:
Nothing
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