届高三英语二轮复习专题三阅读理解第四讲主旨大意题.docx

届高三英语二轮复习专题三阅读理解第四讲主旨大意题.docx

《届高三英语二轮复习专题三阅读理解第四讲主旨大意题.docx》由会员分享，可在线阅读，更多相关《届高三英语二轮复习专题三阅读理解第四讲主旨大意题.docx（19页珍藏版）》请在冰豆网上搜索。

届高三英语二轮复习专题三阅读理解第四讲主旨大意题

主旨大意题

题型1　概括主旨大意类

[示例]　（2017·全国卷Ⅲ，C）Afteryearsofheateddebate,graywolveswerereintroducedtoYellowstoneNationalPark.FourteenwolveswerecaughtinCanadaandtransportedtothepark.Bylastyear,theYellowstonewolfpopulationhadgrowntomorethan170wolves.

GraywolvesoncewereseenhereandthereintheYellowstoneareaandmuchofthecontinentalUnitedStates,buttheyweregraduallydisplacedbyhumandevelopment.Bythe1920s,wolveshadpracticallydisappearedfromtheYellowstonearea.TheywentfarthernorthintothedeepforestsofCanada,wheretherewerefewerhumansaround.

Thedisappearanceofthewolveshadmanyunexpectedresults.Deerandelkpopulations—majorfoodsources（来源）forthewolf—grewrapidly.Theseanimalsconsumedlargeamountsofvegetation（植被）,whichreducedplantdiversityinthepark.Intheabsenceofwolves,coyotepopulationsalsogrewquickly.Thecoyoteskilledalargepercentageofthepark’sredfoxes,andcompletelydroveawaythepark’sbeavers.

Asearlyas1966,biologistsaskedthegovernmenttoconsiderreintroducingwolvestoYellowstonePark.Theyhopedthatwolveswouldbeabletocontroltheelkandcoyoteproblems.Manyfarmersopposedtheplanbecausetheyfearedthatwolveswouldkilltheirfarmanimalsorpets.

Thegovernmentspentnearly30yearscomingupwithaplantoreintroducethewolves.TheU．S.FishandWildlifeServicecarefullymonitorsandmanagesthewolfpacksinYellowstone.Today,thedebatecontinuesoverhowwellthegraywolfisfittinginatYellowstone.Elk,deer,andcoyotepopulationsaredown,whilebeaversandredfoxeshavemadeacomeback.TheYellowstonewolfprojecthasbeenavaluableexperimenttohelpbiologistsdecidewhethertoreintroducewolvestootherpartsofthecountryaswell.

8．Whatisthetextmainlyabout?

A．WildliferesearchintheUnitedStates.

B．PlantdiversityintheYellowstonearea.

C．Theconflictbetweenfarmersandgraywolves.

D．ThereintroductionofwolvestoYellowstonePark.

[解题思路]

第一步　速读文章，找出本篇主题句

After__years__of__heated__debate,__gray__wolves__were__reintroduced__to__Yellowstone__National__Park.

第二步　对比选项，确定答案

关键词复现：

wolves;__reintroduced;__Yellowstone__National__Park

尝试解答　____D____

[答题技巧]

1．识别题干关键

（1）What’sthemainideaofthepassage/text?

（2）What’sthepassage/textmainlyabout?

（3）Whatdoestheauthormainlydiscussinthepassage/text?

2．“主题句定位”寻主旨

概括文章主旨关键在于查找主题句。

主题句是文章的核心，具有明确的概括性。

主题句的位置一般有以下几种：

（1）主题句出现在文首。

开门见山，提出主题，用细节来解释或拓展主题句所表达的主题思想，是最常见的演绎法写作方式。

新闻报道、说明文或议论文通常采用这种写法。

（2）主题句出现在文末。

在表述细节后，归纳要点以概括主题，是最常见的归纳法写作方式。

（3）主题句首尾呼应。

为突出主题，作者先提出主题，结束时再次点出主题。

（4）主题句出现在中间。

写作方式为：

细节描述——归纳主题——进一步解释。

3．找主题句的五个窍门

（1）首段转折处常引出文章主题句；

（2）主题句常包含文章主题词；

（3）主题句常是定义型或总结型的句子；

（4）首段出现疑问句时，对该问题的回答可能是主题句；

（5）首段出现具体例子或假设时，例子或假设后面的内容可能是主题句。

题型2　总结段落大意类

[示例]　（2017·全国卷Ⅱ，C）TerrafugiaInc.saidMondaythatitsnewflyingcarhascompleteditsfirstflight,bringingthecompanyclosertoitsgoalofsellingtheflyingcarwithinthenextyear.Thevehicle—namedtheTransition—hastwoseats,fourwheelsandwingsthatfoldupsoitcanbedrivenlikeacar.TheTransition,whichflewat1，400feetf

oreightminuteslastmonth,canreacharound70milesperhourontheroadand115intheair.Itfliesusinga23gallontankofgasandburns5gallonsperhourintheair.Ontheground,itgets35milespergallon.

28．Whatisthefirstparagraphmainlyabout?

A．ThebasicdataoftheTransition.

B．Theadvantagesofflyingcars.

C．Thepotentialmarketforflyingcars.

D．ThedesignersoftheTransition.

[解题思路]

第一步　读本段文字，试找出能总结段落大意的关键词

has__two__seats;__four__wheels__and__wings;__at__1，400__feet;__reach__around__70__miles__per__hour等。

第二步　归纳本段大意

尝试解答　____A____

[答题技巧]

1．识别题干关键

（1）Themainideaofthe...paragraphisprobably________．

（2）The...paragraphtalksabout________．

（3）What’sParagraph...mainlyabout?

2．“首尾兼顾”定选项

（1）每个段落通常都有一个中心，段落中心通常会在段首句体现出来。

有些采用归纳法的段落，细节表述在前，归纳概括在后，段落中心会在段尾句体现。

（2）注意某些段落没有明显的段落中心，需根据段落内容概括出中心。

题型3　标题归纳类

[示例]　（2017·全国卷Ⅲ，D）TheIntelligentTransportteamatNewcastleUniversityhaveturnedanelectriccarintoamobilelaboratorynamed“DriveLAB”inordertounderstandthechallengesfacedbyolderdriversandtodiscoverwherethekeystresspointsare.　

Researchshowsthatgivingupdrivingisoneofthekeyreasonsforafallinhealthandwellbeingamongolderpeople,leadingtothembecomingmoreisolated（隔绝）andinactive.

LedbyProfessorPhilBlythe,theNewcastleteamaredevelopinginvehicletechnologiesforolderdriverswhichtheyhopecouldhelpthemtocontinuedrivingintolaterlife.

Theseincludecustommadenavigation（导航）tools,nightvisionsystemsandintelligentspeedadaptations.PhilBlytheexplains:

“Formanyolderpeople,particularlythoselivingaloneorinthecountry,drivingisimportantforpreservingtheirindependence,givingthemthefreedomtogetoutandaboutwithout