初中英语现在完成时.docx
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初中英语现在完成时
现在完成时
一.含义:
表示到目前为止已经完成的动作或存在的状态。
二.结构:
助动词have/has+过去分词done
★肯定句:
主语+have/has+过去分词done
否定句:
主语+have/has+not+过去分词done
一般疑问句:
Have/Has+主语+过去分词done
简略答语:
Yes,主语+have/has.
No,主语+haven’t/hasn’t.
★过去分词:
1、规则动词:
规则动词的过去分词的构成规则与规则动词的过去式的构成规则相同。
四点变化规则:
(1).一般动词,在词尾直接加“ed”:
work---worked---worked,visit---visited---visited
(2).以“e”结尾的动词,只在词尾加“d”:
live---lived---lived,
(3)、以“辅音字母+y”结尾的动词,将"y"变为"i",再加“ed”:
study---studied---studied,cry---cried---cried
(4)、重读闭音节结尾,末尾只有一个辅音字母,先双写该辅音字母,再加“ed”:
stop---stopped---stopped,drop---dropped--dropped
2.不规则动词
三.用法
1.现在完成时表示过去发生或已经完成的动作对现在造成的影响或结果,有以下四大标志词:
①already,just和yet:
Hehasalreadygotherhelp. 他已得到她的帮助。
Hehasjustseenthefilm. 他刚刚看过这场电影。
Hehasn'tcomebackyet. 他还没有回来。
②ever和never:
ThisisthebestfilmIhaveeverseen. 这是我曾经看过的最好的一部电影。
HehasneverbeentoBeijing. 他从没有到过北京。
③以动作发生的次数为标志
HesayshehasbeentotheUSAthreetimes.
④sofar,before,recently,lately
Hehasboughtanewcarrecently.
Ihaven’theardfromhimJanelately.
Scientistshaven’tfoundthecureofAIDSsofar.
★现在完成时不能和明确表示过去时间的状语连用,如ago,yesterday,lastyear,atthattime,then等。
2.现在完成时可以用来表示发生在过去某一时刻的,持续到现在的动作,常与for(+时间段),since(+时间点或过去时的句子),或howlong连用:
①for+时段
Maryhasbeenillforthreedays.
②since+过去一个时间点(译为:
自从……以来)
Hehasbeenateachersince1998.
③since+时段+ago
HehasstudiedEnglishsince4yearsago.
④since+从句(过去时)
IhavelivedheresinceIwasborn.
⑤Itis+时段+since+从句(过去时)
Itisthreedayssincehearrivedhere.
★非延续性动词leave,arrive,come,go,return,join,die,buy,borrow等的完成时,在肯定句中不能与for或since等引导的时间段连用:
他到这里三天了。
Hehasarrivedhereforthreedays.
Hehasbeenhereforthreedays.
Itisthreedayssincehearrivedhere.
Ithasbeenthreedayssincehearrivedhere.
四.Havegoneto,havebeento,与havebeenin的区别
have/hasgone(to):
去了(现在不在说话现场)
WhereisyourfatherHehasgonetoShanghai.
have/hasbeen(to):
去过(已不在去过的地方)
MyfatherhasbeentoShanghai.
have/hasbeenin:
呆了多久(还在所呆的地方)
MyfatherhasbeeninShanghaifortwomonths./sincetwomonthsago.
【练一练】
句型转换:
1.Hehasalreadygonehome.He___________________home____________.(否定句)
____________he__________home___________(疑问句)
2.Hehaslunchathome.He_______________________lunchathome.(否定句)
____________he__________lunchathome(疑问句)
3.Hehasbeentheretwice.
______________________________________hebeenthere(划线提问)
4.Ihavelunchatschool.
____________________you____________lunch.(划线提问)
用never,ever,already,yet,for,since填空
1.Ihave_______seenhimbefore,soIhavenoideaabouthim.
2.Jackhas_________finishedhishomework________anhourago.
3.Mr.Wanghastaughtinthisschool________tenyears.
4.“Haveyou________seenthefilm”“No,Ihave________seenit.”
5.“Hasthebusleft_______”“Yes,ithas_________left.”
翻译下列句子:
1.他们已经打扫了教室吗
2.我们已经认识有二十年了。
3.打那以后,她一直住在这。
4.“你曾经到过那里吗”“不,我从来没到过那里。
”
5.我父亲以前到过长城。
6.我来到海南已经一周了。
7.他这些天上哪儿去了
五.现在完成时与一般过去时的区别
一般过去时所表示的事情纯属过去,与现在情况没有关系。
现在完成时所表示的事情与现在情况有关系,是过去发生的事情对现在产生的结果或对现在的影响,或一直持续着:
IhavelostmyNokiaX7.(=IlostmyNokiaX7andIhavenoNokiaX7now.)
Heboughtahouse10yearsago.十年前他买了栋房子。
(现在是否还拥有那栋房子就说不定了)
Hehasboughtahouse.他已经买了房子。
(到说话的这时候他仍然拥有那栋房子)
【练一练】
用适当的时态填空:
1.She’s_____________(live)hereeversinceshewasten.
2.Bothofthem________________(be)inHongkongfortendays.
3.Bothofthem________________(come)toHongkongtendaysago.
4.Halfanhour__________(pass)sincethetrain__________(leave).
5.Mary________(lose)herpen.____________you______________(see)ithereandthere
6._____________you____________(find)yourwatchyet
7.---Areyouthirsty---NoI_________just_____________(have)someorange.
8.We_____________already______________(return)thebook.
9.___________they____________(build)anewschoolinthevillage
10.I________________(notfinish)myhomework.Canyouhelpme
11.Myfather_____(read)thenoveltwice.
12.I_________(buy)abookjustnow.
13.I_________(lost)mywatchyesterday.
14.Myfather___________(read)thisbooksinceyesterday.
不规则动词过去式、过去分词表
(1) AAA型(动词原形、过去式、过去分词同形)
动词原形
过去式
过去分词
动词原形
过去式
过去分词
cost(花费)
cost
cost
cut(割)
cut
cut
hit(打)
hit
hit
hurt (伤害)
hurt
hurt
let(让)
let
let
put(放)
put
put
read (读)
read
read
(2) AAB型(动词原形与过去式同形)
动词原形
过去式
过去分词
beat(跳动)
beat
beaten
(3) ABA型(动词原形与过去分词同形)
动词原形
过去式
过去分词
动词原形
过去式
过去分词
become(变成)
became
become
come(来)
came
come
run(跑)
ran
run
(4) ABB型(过去式与过去分词同形)
动词原形
过去式
过去分词
动词原形
过去式
过去分词
dream(想)
dreamed/dreamt
dreamed/dreamt
spell(拼写)
spelled/spelt
spelled/spelt
bring(带来)
brought
brought
buy(买)
bought
bought
build(建设)
built
built
catch(抓住)
caught
caught
feed(喂养)
fed
fed
feel(感觉)
felt
felt
fight (战斗)
fought
fought
find(找到)
found
found
get(得到)
got
got
have/has(有)
had
had
hold(抓住)
held
held
hear (听见)
heard
heard
leave(离开)
left
left
lend(借出)
lent
lent
lose (丢失)
lost
lost
learn(学习)
learnt
learnt
meet(遇见)
won
won
mean(意思是)
meant
meant
make(制造)
made
made
pay(付出)
paid
paid
send (传送)
sent
sent
stand(站着)
stood
stood
sleep(睡)
slept
slept
spend(花费)
spent
spent
stick粘住
stuck
stuck
sit(坐)
sat
sat
sweep(扫)
swept
swept
smell(闻)
smelt
smelt
sell(卖)
sold
sold
say(说)
said
said
teach(教)
taught
taught
think(想)
thought
thought
tell(告诉)
told
told
understand(明白)
understood
understood
win (赢)
won
won
(5)ABC型(动词原形、过去式与过去分词三者不同形)
动词原形
过去式
过去分词
动词原形
过去式
过去分词
am/is (是)
was
been
are(是)
were
been
begin(开始)
began
begun
break(打破)
broke
broken
choose(选择)
chose
chosen
drive(驾驶)
drove
driven
do(做)
did
done
drink(喝)
drank
drunk
draw (画)
drew
drawn
eat(吃)
ate
eaten
fall(落下)
fell
fallen
fly(飞)
flew
flown
forget(忘记)
forgot
forgotten
go(去)
went
gone
give(给)
gave
given
grow(生长)
grew
grown
hide隐藏
hid
hidden
know(知道)
knew
known
lie(平躺)
lay
lain
rise(升高)
rose
risen
ride(骑)
rode
ridden
see(看见)
saw
seen
shake(握手)
shook
shaken
speak(说,讲)
spoke
spoken
sing (唱)
sang
sung
swim(游泳)
swam
swum
throw(投掷)
threw
thrown
take(取)
took
taken
write(写)
wrote
written
mistake(弄错)
mistook
mistaken
wear (穿)
wore
worn
wake(醒)
woke
woken
(6)情态动词
动词原形
过去式
过去分词
动词原形
过去式
过去分词
can可以
could
--
may可能
might
--
shall应该
should
--
will将要
would
--
小升初英语全真模拟试卷
姓名:
成绩:
一、语音知识:
请区分划线部分的读音,如有一种读音,填“1”;两种读音,填“2”;三种读音,填“3”;四种读音,填“4”。
(每小题1分,共10分)
()1.A.yetB.yesC.cryD.silly
()2.A.earlyB.hearC.nearD.ear
()3.A.mendedB.invitedC.calledD.arrived
()4.A.chooseB.chessC.watchD.chemistry
()5.A.keyB.keepC.wineD.west
()6.A.washB.fatC.aboutD.after
()7.A.factB.cutC.closeD.ceiling
()8.A.aboveB.momentC.toD.opposite
()9.A.tripB.trickC.treeD.metre
()10.A.seeB.bestC.discoverD.miss
二、单项选择。
(每小题1分,共20分)
()1.—doyouspell“book”—B-O-O-K,book.
A.HowB.WhatC.What’sD.Where
()2.Theysatonthechairand______achat.
A.hadB.haveC.got.D.met
()3.Look!
GaoShanisgetting_____thebus.
A.upB.forC.onD.in
()4.Davidismakingplans______hisclassmeeting.
A.withB.toC.forD.of
()5.Thepizza______bymymother.Wouldtoliketohavesome
A.makesB.wasmakingC.madeD.wasmade
()6.______thebrotherandthesister______goodatmathsatschool.
A.Either;isB.Neither;isC.Both;areD.All;are
()isoneof_____inChina.
A.MorepopularsportB.themostpopularsport
C.morepopularsportsD.themostpopularsports
()isthefirsttimeI______Beijing.
A.visitB.visitedC.hadvisitedD.havevisited;
()mywayhome,Istopped______somefruit.
A.buyB.buyingC.tobuyD.bought
()isthedatetoday--_______________________.
A.ItisSaturday.B.ItisJuly1stC.OnSaturdayD.InJuly
()11.Threedays_________hedied.
A.afterB.behindC.laterD.infrontof
()is______and______inChina.
A.sunny;snowyB.sunny;coldC.sunny;hotD.warm;snowy
()13.ThestudentsinClass2arevery__________.
A.excitingB.excitedC.exciteD.excitd
()14.Iaskedhim_____ittothepolicestation.
A.totakeB.takeC.tookD.taking
()15.Look,danger!
Please____touchit.
A.can’tB.notC.don’tD.no
()areyourclothes,please___________.
A.putiton.B.putonthemC.putthemonD.putonit
()17.Bruce,lookatyourdirtyshoes.You’dbetter_______themrightnow.
A.WashedB.washingC.washD.towash
()18.Shanghaiis_____theeastofChina.
A.toB.atC.onD.in
()19.Wouldyouliketo______withme
A.goingB.goesC.wentD.go
()20.Wehave___________tothebusstop.
A.10minute’swalkB.10minutes’walkC.10minute’walkD.10minute’swalk
三、词汇运用。
(每空1分,共20分)
(I)在下列各句A、B或C中找出与划线部分意义相近的词或句子。
( )1.WangHaidoeswellinEnglish.
A.likesB.speaksC.iswritingD.isgoodat
( )2.I'dlikesomemelons.
A.IwantB.IlikeC.IneedD.Ieat
( )3.Letmesee.
A.lookatB.thinkoverC.watchD.know
( )4.Howdoesshegothere
A.getupB.doC.get D.come
( )5.Wehavethreelessonsthisafternoon.
A.textsB.glassesC.classes D.books
(II)根据句意和首字母,写出句中所缺单词。
1.Christmasisthemostimportantf_________inwesterncountry.
2.TodayIamfree.ButyesterdayIwasb________.
3.Couldyoutellmethe