初中英语现在完成时.docx

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初中英语现在完成时.docx

初中英语现在完成时

现在完成时

 

一.含义:

表示到目前为止已经完成的动作或存在的状态。

二.结构:

助动词have/has+过去分词done

★肯定句:

主语+have/has+过去分词done

否定句:

主语+have/has+not+过去分词done

一般疑问句:

Have/Has+主语+过去分词done

简略答语:

Yes,主语+have/has.

No,主语+haven’t/hasn’t.

★过去分词:

1、规则动词:

规则动词的过去分词的构成规则与规则动词的过去式的构成规则相同。

四点变化规则:

  

(1).一般动词,在词尾直接加“ed”:

  work---worked---worked,visit---visited---visited

  

(2).以“e”结尾的动词,只在词尾加“d”:

  live---lived---lived,

  (3)、以“辅音字母+y”结尾的动词,将"y"变为"i",再加“ed”:

  study---studied---studied,cry---cried---cried

  (4)、重读闭音节结尾,末尾只有一个辅音字母,先双写该辅音字母,再加“ed”:

stop---stopped---stopped,drop---dropped--dropped

2.不规则动词

三.用法

1.现在完成时表示过去发生或已经完成的动作对现在造成的影响或结果,有以下四大标志词:

①already,just和yet:

  Hehasalreadygotherhelp. 他已得到她的帮助。

Hehasjustseenthefilm. 他刚刚看过这场电影。

Hehasn'tcomebackyet. 他还没有回来。

  ②ever和never:

ThisisthebestfilmIhaveeverseen. 这是我曾经看过的最好的一部电影。

HehasneverbeentoBeijing. 他从没有到过北京。

  ③以动作发生的次数为标志

  HesayshehasbeentotheUSAthreetimes.

  ④sofar,before,recently,lately

Hehasboughtanewcarrecently.

Ihaven’theardfromhimJanelately. 

Scientistshaven’tfoundthecureofAIDSsofar.

★现在完成时不能和明确表示过去时间的状语连用,如ago,yesterday,lastyear,atthattime,then等。

2.现在完成时可以用来表示发生在过去某一时刻的,持续到现在的动作,常与for(+时间段),since(+时间点或过去时的句子),或howlong连用:

  ①for+时段

Maryhasbeenillforthreedays.

  ②since+过去一个时间点(译为:

自从……以来)

Hehasbeenateachersince1998.

  ③since+时段+ago

HehasstudiedEnglishsince4yearsago.

  ④since+从句(过去时)

IhavelivedheresinceIwasborn.

  ⑤Itis+时段+since+从句(过去时)

Itisthreedayssincehearrivedhere.

★非延续性动词leave,arrive,come,go,return,join,die,buy,borrow等的完成时,在肯定句中不能与for或since等引导的时间段连用:

他到这里三天了。

Hehasarrivedhereforthreedays.

Hehasbeenhereforthreedays.

Itisthreedayssincehearrivedhere.

Ithasbeenthreedayssincehearrivedhere.

四.Havegoneto,havebeento,与havebeenin的区别

have/hasgone(to):

去了(现在不在说话现场)

WhereisyourfatherHehasgonetoShanghai.

have/hasbeen(to):

去过(已不在去过的地方)

MyfatherhasbeentoShanghai.

have/hasbeenin:

呆了多久(还在所呆的地方)

MyfatherhasbeeninShanghaifortwomonths./sincetwomonthsago.

【练一练】

句型转换:

1.Hehasalreadygonehome.He___________________home____________.(否定句)

____________he__________home___________(疑问句)

2.Hehaslunchathome.He_______________________lunchathome.(否定句)

____________he__________lunchathome(疑问句)

3.Hehasbeentheretwice.

______________________________________hebeenthere(划线提问)

4.Ihavelunchatschool.

____________________you____________lunch.(划线提问)

用never,ever,already,yet,for,since填空

1.Ihave_______seenhimbefore,soIhavenoideaabouthim.

2.Jackhas_________finishedhishomework________anhourago.

3.Mr.Wanghastaughtinthisschool________tenyears.

4.“Haveyou________seenthefilm”“No,Ihave________seenit.”

5.“Hasthebusleft_______”“Yes,ithas_________left.”

翻译下列句子:

1.他们已经打扫了教室吗

2.我们已经认识有二十年了。

3.打那以后,她一直住在这。

4.“你曾经到过那里吗”“不,我从来没到过那里。

5.我父亲以前到过长城。

6.我来到海南已经一周了。

7.他这些天上哪儿去了

五.现在完成时与一般过去时的区别

一般过去时所表示的事情纯属过去,与现在情况没有关系。

现在完成时所表示的事情与现在情况有关系,是过去发生的事情对现在产生的结果或对现在的影响,或一直持续着:

IhavelostmyNokiaX7.(=IlostmyNokiaX7andIhavenoNokiaX7now.)

Heboughtahouse10yearsago.十年前他买了栋房子。

(现在是否还拥有那栋房子就说不定了)

Hehasboughtahouse.他已经买了房子。

(到说话的这时候他仍然拥有那栋房子)

【练一练】

用适当的时态填空:

1.She’s_____________(live)hereeversinceshewasten.

2.Bothofthem________________(be)inHongkongfortendays.

3.Bothofthem________________(come)toHongkongtendaysago.

4.Halfanhour__________(pass)sincethetrain__________(leave).

5.Mary________(lose)herpen.____________you______________(see)ithereandthere

6._____________you____________(find)yourwatchyet

7.---Areyouthirsty---NoI_________just_____________(have)someorange.

8.We_____________already______________(return)thebook.

9.___________they____________(build)anewschoolinthevillage

10.I________________(notfinish)myhomework.Canyouhelpme

11.Myfather_____(read)thenoveltwice.

12.I_________(buy)abookjustnow.

13.I_________(lost)mywatchyesterday.

14.Myfather___________(read)thisbooksinceyesterday.

 

不规则动词过去式、过去分词表

(1) AAA型(动词原形、过去式、过去分词同形) 

动词原形

过去式

过去分词

动词原形

过去式

过去分词

cost(花费)

cost

cost

cut(割)

cut

cut

hit(打)

hit

hit

hurt (伤害)

hurt

hurt

let(让)

let

let

put(放)

put

put

read (读)

read

read

(2) AAB型(动词原形与过去式同形)

动词原形

过去式

过去分词

beat(跳动)

beat

beaten

(3) ABA型(动词原形与过去分词同形) 

动词原形

过去式

过去分词

动词原形

过去式

过去分词

become(变成)

became

become

come(来)

came

come

run(跑)

ran

run

(4) ABB型(过去式与过去分词同形)

动词原形

过去式

过去分词

动词原形

过去式

过去分词

dream(想)

dreamed/dreamt

dreamed/dreamt

spell(拼写)

spelled/spelt

spelled/spelt

bring(带来)

brought

brought

buy(买)

bought

bought

build(建设)

built

built

catch(抓住)

caught

caught

feed(喂养)

fed

fed

feel(感觉)

felt

felt

fight (战斗)

fought

fought

find(找到)

found

found

get(得到)

got

got

have/has(有)

had

had

hold(抓住)

held

held

hear (听见)

heard

heard

leave(离开)

left

left

lend(借出)

lent

lent

lose  (丢失)

lost

lost

learn(学习)

learnt

learnt

meet(遇见)

won

won

mean(意思是)

meant

meant

make(制造)

made

made

pay(付出)

paid

paid

send (传送)

sent

sent

stand(站着)

stood

stood

sleep(睡)

slept

slept

spend(花费)

spent

spent

stick粘住

stuck

stuck

sit(坐)

sat

sat

sweep(扫)

swept

swept

smell(闻)

smelt

smelt

sell(卖)

sold

sold

say(说)

said

said

teach(教)

taught

taught

think(想)

thought

thought

tell(告诉)

told

told

understand(明白)

understood

understood

win  (赢)

won

won

(5)ABC型(动词原形、过去式与过去分词三者不同形)

动词原形

过去式

过去分词

动词原形

过去式

过去分词

am/is (是)

was

been

are(是)

were

been

begin(开始)

began

begun

break(打破)

broke

broken

choose(选择)

chose

chosen

drive(驾驶)

drove

driven

do(做)

did

done

drink(喝)

drank

drunk

draw   (画)

drew

drawn

eat(吃)

ate

eaten

fall(落下)

fell

fallen

fly(飞)

flew

flown

forget(忘记)

forgot

forgotten

go(去)

went

gone

give(给)

gave

given

grow(生长)

grew

grown

hide隐藏

hid

hidden

know(知道)

knew

known

lie(平躺)

lay

lain

rise(升高)

rose

risen

ride(骑)

rode

ridden

see(看见)

saw

seen

shake(握手)

shook

shaken

speak(说,讲)

spoke

spoken

sing (唱)

sang

sung

swim(游泳)

swam

swum

throw(投掷)

threw

thrown

take(取)

took

taken

write(写)

wrote

written

mistake(弄错)

mistook

mistaken

wear  (穿)

wore

worn

wake(醒)

woke

woken

(6)情态动词

动词原形

过去式

过去分词

动词原形

过去式

过去分词

can可以

could

--

may可能

might

--

shall应该

should

--

will将要

would

--

小升初英语全真模拟试卷

姓名:

成绩:

一、语音知识:

请区分划线部分的读音,如有一种读音,填“1”;两种读音,填“2”;三种读音,填“3”;四种读音,填“4”。

(每小题1分,共10分)

()1.A.yetB.yesC.cryD.silly

()2.A.earlyB.hearC.nearD.ear

()3.A.mendedB.invitedC.calledD.arrived

()4.A.chooseB.chessC.watchD.chemistry

()5.A.keyB.keepC.wineD.west

()6.A.washB.fatC.aboutD.after

()7.A.factB.cutC.closeD.ceiling

()8.A.aboveB.momentC.toD.opposite

()9.A.tripB.trickC.treeD.metre

()10.A.seeB.bestC.discoverD.miss

二、单项选择。

(每小题1分,共20分)

()1.—doyouspell“book”—B-O-O-K,book.

A.HowB.WhatC.What’sD.Where

()2.Theysatonthechairand______achat.

A.hadB.haveC.got.D.met

()3.Look!

GaoShanisgetting_____thebus.

A.upB.forC.onD.in

()4.Davidismakingplans______hisclassmeeting.

A.withB.toC.forD.of

()5.Thepizza______bymymother.Wouldtoliketohavesome

A.makesB.wasmakingC.madeD.wasmade

()6.______thebrotherandthesister______goodatmathsatschool.

A.Either;isB.Neither;isC.Both;areD.All;are

()isoneof_____inChina.

A.MorepopularsportB.themostpopularsport

C.morepopularsportsD.themostpopularsports

()isthefirsttimeI______Beijing.

A.visitB.visitedC.hadvisitedD.havevisited;

()mywayhome,Istopped______somefruit.

A.buyB.buyingC.tobuyD.bought

()isthedatetoday--_______________________.

A.ItisSaturday.B.ItisJuly1stC.OnSaturdayD.InJuly

()11.Threedays_________hedied.

A.afterB.behindC.laterD.infrontof

()is______and______inChina.

A.sunny;snowyB.sunny;coldC.sunny;hotD.warm;snowy

()13.ThestudentsinClass2arevery__________.

A.excitingB.excitedC.exciteD.excitd

()14.Iaskedhim_____ittothepolicestation.

A.totakeB.takeC.tookD.taking

()15.Look,danger!

Please____touchit.

A.can’tB.notC.don’tD.no

()areyourclothes,please___________.

A.putiton.B.putonthemC.putthemonD.putonit

()17.Bruce,lookatyourdirtyshoes.You’dbetter_______themrightnow.

A.WashedB.washingC.washD.towash

()18.Shanghaiis_____theeastofChina.

A.toB.atC.onD.in

()19.Wouldyouliketo______withme

A.goingB.goesC.wentD.go

()20.Wehave___________tothebusstop.

A.10minute’swalkB.10minutes’walkC.10minute’walkD.10minute’swalk

三、词汇运用。

(每空1分,共20分)

(I)在下列各句A、B或C中找出与划线部分意义相近的词或句子。

( )1.WangHaidoeswellinEnglish.

A.likesB.speaksC.iswritingD.isgoodat

( )2.I'dlikesomemelons.

A.IwantB.IlikeC.IneedD.Ieat

( )3.Letmesee.

A.lookatB.thinkoverC.watchD.know 

( )4.Howdoesshegothere

A.getupB.doC.get  D.come

( )5.Wehavethreelessonsthisafternoon.

A.textsB.glassesC.classes  D.books

(II)根据句意和首字母,写出句中所缺单词。

1.Christmasisthemostimportantf_________inwesterncountry.

2.TodayIamfree.ButyesterdayIwasb________.

3.Couldyoutellmethe

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