句的翻译技巧.docx
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句的翻译技巧
1.名词性从句的翻译
(一)主语从句
1.以what,whatever,whoever,whether,when,where,how,why等词引导的主语从句,在翻译的时候,
一般可以按照英语原文顺序来翻译。
举例:
Whathetoldmewasonlyhalf-truth.
Whateverisworthdoingshouldbedonewell.
Whetherhecomesornotmakesnodifferenee.
Whenwecanbegintheexpeditionisstillaquestion.
Howheisgoingtodoitisamystery.
2.用it做形式主语的主语从句,可以把主语从句放到汉语句子的最前面翻译。
为了强调,it一般可以翻译出来;如果不需要强调,it也不可不译出来。
举例:
Itdoesn'tmakemuchdifferencewhetherheattendsthe
meetingornot
Itseemedinconceivablethatthepilotcouldhavesurvivedthecrash
有时候,如果主语从句依然按照英语原来的顺序翻译的话,it一般不需要译出来。
在汉语译文的开始,
一般可以用“,,的是,,,”这样的结构来翻译。
举例:
Itisstrangethatsheshouldhavefailedtoseeherownshortcomings.
(二)宾语从句
1.用that,what,how,when,which,why,whether,if等引起的宾语从句,翻译成汉语的时候,一般不
需要改变它在原句中的顺序。
举例:
Itoldhimthatbecauseofthelastcondition,Idhavetoturnitdown.
CanyouhearwhatIsay?
Idon'tknowthatheswamacrosstheriver
Hehasinformedmewhentheyaretodiscussmyproposal.
有时可加“说"字,再接下去翻译英语原文宾语从句的内容。
举例:
Smithrepliedthathewassorry
Hewouldremindpeopleagainthatitwasdecidednotonlybyhimselfbutbylotsofothers.
2.用it做形式宾语的句子,在翻译的时候,that所
引导的宾语从句一般可按英语原文顺序翻译;it
有时候可以不用翻译。
举例:
Imadeitcleartothemthattheymusthandintheirpapersbefore10oclockinthemorning.
Ihearditsaidthathehadgoneabroad.
但有时候,也可以在译文中将that引导的宾语从句提到句子最前面翻译。
举例:
IregarditasanhonorthatIamchosentoattendthemeeting.
Weconsideritabsolutelynecessarythatweshouldopenourdoortotheoutsideworld
(三)表语从句
英语中的表语从句放在系动词后面,充当标语成分,一般可以按照英语原文顺序直接翻译。
举例:
Itseemsthatitisgoingtosnow.
ThatiswhyJackgotscolded
Thequestionremainswhetherwecanwinthemajorityofthepeople
Hisviewofthepresswasthatthereporterswereeitherforhimoragainsthim.
(四)同位语从句
1.一般来说,同位语从句可以直接翻译在主句后面。
举例:
Heexpressedthehopethathewouldcomeovertovisit
Chinaagain
Thereisapossibilitythatheisaspy
2.有时候在翻译同位语从句时,可以将其放在所修饰的名词前面,相当于前置的修饰语,但不一定使用定语的标志词“的”。
这种情况下,同位语从句都比较简单。
举例:
Therumorthathewasarrestedwasunfounded.
3.增加“即”(或者“以为”)这样的词来连接,或用冒号、破折号直接分开主句和同位语从句。
举例:
Butthisdoesnotinanywayalterthefactthattheyarenow,fromapracticalpointofview,irrational.
Wehavereachedtheconclusionthatpracticeisthecriterionfortestingtruth.
Notlongago,thescientistsmadeanexcitingdiscovery
thatthiswastematerialcouldbeturnedintoplastics
4.先翻从句再翻主句用这种观点、这一理论、这一
思想、这一发现”过渡。
Buttheideathatthejournalistmustunderstandthelawmoreprofoundlythananordinarycitizenrestsonanunderstandingoftheestablishedconventionsandspecialresponsibilitiesofthenewsmedia
2.定语从句的翻译
(一)前置法
举例:
Hewhohasnevertastedwhatisbitterdoesnotknowwhatissweet.
Spaceandoceansarehenewworldwhichscientistsaretryingtoexplore.
Hislaughter,whichwasinfectiousbrokethesilenee.
(二)后置法
1.重复先行词
举例:
ItoldthestorytoJohn,whotoldittohisbrother.
WewishtoexpressoursatisfactionatthistotheSpecial
Committee,whoseactivitiesdeservetobeencouraged
Althoughhelacksexperienee,hehasenterpriseandcreativity,whicharedecisiveinachievingsuccessinthearea
We,thehumanspecies,areconfrontingaplanetaryemergency-athreattothesurvivalofourcivilizationthatisgatheringominousanddestructivepotentialevenaswegatherhere2009)
2.省略先行词举例:
Itishewhoreceivedtheletterthatannouncedthedeathofyouruncle.
Afterdinner,thefourkeynegotiatorsresumedtheirtalks,whichcontinuedwellintothenight.
(三)融合法
举例:
Thereisamandownstairswhowantstoseeyou
Inourfactory,therearemanypeoplewhoaremuchinterestedinthenewinvention
(四)状译法
1.译成表示“时间"的分句举例:
Adriverwhoisdrivingthebusmustn'ttalkwithothersorbeabsent-minded.
2.译成表示“原因”的分句
举例:
HeshowednofurtherwishforconversationwithMrs.Smith,whowasnowmorethanusuallyinsolentanddisagreeable
3.译成表示“条件"的分句
举例:
Menbecomedesperateforwork,anywork,whichwillhelpthemtokeepalivetheirfamilies
4.译成表示“让步"的分句
举例:
Heinsistedonbuyinganotherhouse,whichhehadnousefor.
5.译成表示“目的”的分句举例:
Hewishestowriteanarticlethatwillattractthepublicattentiontothematte.
Heiscollectingauthenticmaterialthatproveshisargument
6.译成表示"结果"的分句
举例:
Theytriedtostampouttherevolt,whichspreadallthemorefuriously.
7.译成表示“转折”的分句
举例:
Shewasverypatienttowardsthechildren,whichherhusbandseldomwas
3.被动语态的翻译
(一)译成汉语主动句
1.保存原文主语
举例:
ThemeetingisscheduledforApril6th.
Watercanbechangedfromaliquidintoasolid.
Whenrustisformed,achemicalchangehastakenplace.
2.主宾颠倒
举例1:
Shewasgivenanewperbyherfather.
Heatandlightcanbegivenoffbythischemicalchange
Onlyasmallportionofsolarenergyisnowbeingusedbyus
举例2:
Communicationsatelliteshavealreadybeenusedforlivingtransmissioninourcountry.
3.增加主语
举例:
Theissuehasnotyetbeenthoroughlyexplored.
Whatwesayherewillnotbelongremembered,butwhatwedoherecanchangetheworld.
(二)译成汉语无主句
举例:
Measureshavebeentakentopreventtheepidemicfromspreadingquickly.
Watercanbeshownascontainingimpurities.
Theunpleasantnoisemustbeimmediatelyputanend.
(三)译成汉语判断句
举例:
Thedecisiontoattackwasnottakenlightly.
PrintingwasintroducedintoEuropefromChina.
ThemanuscriptwassenttotheprinterinLondonafewweeksbeforetheFrenchrevolution.
ThecreditsysteminAmericawasfirstadoptedbyHarvardUniversityin1872.
(四)译成汉语被动句
举例:
Hehadbeenfiredforrefusingtoobeyordersfromtheheadoffice.
Theschoolboywasknockeddownbyaminibuswhencrossingthestreet.
Hewaspraisedbyhisteacher.
Problemsshouldberesolvedingoodtime.
Foralongperiodtocome,mostofChina'elderlywillcontinuetobeprovidedforbytheirfamilies.
(五)常用被动句型“lt+被动语态+that”的翻译
举例:
Itisstressedthatthefieldofscieneemaybedividedintotwomajorareas:
naturalscieneeandsocialscienee.
Itshouldbepointedoutthatthisprocessisoxidation.
【常用被动句型的习惯译法】
Itishopedthat…希望,有人希望
Itisassumedthat…假设,假定
Itisclaimedthat…据说,有人主张
Itisbelievedthat…有人相信,大家相信
Itisreportedthat…据报道,据通报
Itisconsideredthat…人们认为,据估计
Itissaidthat…据说,有人说
Itissupposedthat…
Ithasbeenannouncedthat--
Itisassertedthat…
Itisrumoredthat…
Itisnoticedthat…
Itissuggestedthat…
Itislearnedthat…
Itisdemonstratedthat…
Itisestimatedthat•…
Itispointedoutthat…
Itisproposedthat…
Itwillbeseenfromthisthat…
Itisstressedthat…
Itcannotbedeniedthat…
Itissometimesaskedthat…
Itmustbeadmittedthat•…
Ithasbeenillustratedthat…
Itisuniversallyacceptedthat…
Itisunanimouslyagreedthat…
Itcanbesaidwithoutexaggerationthat•…