句的翻译技巧.docx

句的翻译技巧.docx

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句的翻译技巧

1.名词性从句的翻译

（一）主语从句

1.以what,whatever,whoever,whether,when,where,how,why等词引导的主语从句，在翻译的时候，

一般可以按照英语原文顺序来翻译。

举例：

Whathetoldmewasonlyhalf-truth.

Whateverisworthdoingshouldbedonewell.

Whetherhecomesornotmakesnodifferenee.

Whenwecanbegintheexpeditionisstillaquestion.

Howheisgoingtodoitisamystery.

2.用it做形式主语的主语从句，可以把主语从句放到汉语句子的最前面翻译。

为了强调，it一般可以翻译出来；如果不需要强调，it也不可不译出来。

举例：

Itdoesn'tmakemuchdifferencewhetherheattendsthe

meetingornot

Itseemedinconceivablethatthepilotcouldhavesurvivedthecrash

有时候，如果主语从句依然按照英语原来的顺序翻译的话，it一般不需要译出来。

在汉语译文的开始，

一般可以用“,,的是，，，”这样的结构来翻译。

举例：

Itisstrangethatsheshouldhavefailedtoseeherownshortcomings.

（二）宾语从句

1.用that,what,how,when,which,why,whether,if等引起的宾语从句，翻译成汉语的时候，一般不

需要改变它在原句中的顺序。

举例：

Itoldhimthatbecauseofthelastcondition,Idhavetoturnitdown.

CanyouhearwhatIsay?

Idon'tknowthatheswamacrosstheriver

Hehasinformedmewhentheyaretodiscussmyproposal.

有时可加“说"字，再接下去翻译英语原文宾语从句的内容。

举例：

Smithrepliedthathewassorry

Hewouldremindpeopleagainthatitwasdecidednotonlybyhimselfbutbylotsofothers.

2.用it做形式宾语的句子，在翻译的时候，that所

引导的宾语从句一般可按英语原文顺序翻译；it

有时候可以不用翻译。

举例：

Imadeitcleartothemthattheymusthandintheirpapersbefore10oclockinthemorning.

Ihearditsaidthathehadgoneabroad.

但有时候，也可以在译文中将that引导的宾语从句提到句子最前面翻译。

举例：

IregarditasanhonorthatIamchosentoattendthemeeting.

Weconsideritabsolutelynecessarythatweshouldopenourdoortotheoutsideworld

（三）表语从句

英语中的表语从句放在系动词后面，充当标语成分，一般可以按照英语原文顺序直接翻译。

举例：

Itseemsthatitisgoingtosnow.

ThatiswhyJackgotscolded

Thequestionremainswhetherwecanwinthemajorityofthepeople

Hisviewofthepresswasthatthereporterswereeitherforhimoragainsthim.

（四）同位语从句

1.一般来说，同位语从句可以直接翻译在主句后面。

举例：

Heexpressedthehopethathewouldcomeovertovisit

Chinaagain

Thereisapossibilitythatheisaspy

2.有时候在翻译同位语从句时，可以将其放在所修饰的名词前面，相当于前置的修饰语，但不一定使用定语的标志词“的”。

这种情况下，同位语从句都比较简单。

举例：

Therumorthathewasarrestedwasunfounded.

3.增加“即”（或者“以为”）这样的词来连接，或用冒号、破折号直接分开主句和同位语从句。

举例：

Butthisdoesnotinanywayalterthefactthattheyarenow,fromapracticalpointofview,irrational.

Wehavereachedtheconclusionthatpracticeisthecriterionfortestingtruth.

Notlongago,thescientistsmadeanexcitingdiscovery

thatthiswastematerialcouldbeturnedintoplastics

4.先翻从句再翻主句用这种观点、这一理论、这一

思想、这一发现”过渡。

Buttheideathatthejournalistmustunderstandthelawmoreprofoundlythananordinarycitizenrestsonanunderstandingoftheestablishedconventionsandspecialresponsibilitiesofthenewsmedia

2.定语从句的翻译

（一）前置法

举例：

Hewhohasnevertastedwhatisbitterdoesnotknowwhatissweet.

Spaceandoceansarehenewworldwhichscientistsaretryingtoexplore.

Hislaughter,whichwasinfectiousbrokethesilenee.

（二）后置法

1.重复先行词

举例：

ItoldthestorytoJohn,whotoldittohisbrother.

WewishtoexpressoursatisfactionatthistotheSpecial

Committee,whoseactivitiesdeservetobeencouraged

Althoughhelacksexperienee,hehasenterpriseandcreativity,whicharedecisiveinachievingsuccessinthearea

We,thehumanspecies,areconfrontingaplanetaryemergency-athreattothesurvivalofourcivilizationthatisgatheringominousanddestructivepotentialevenaswegatherhere2009）

2.省略先行词举例：

Itishewhoreceivedtheletterthatannouncedthedeathofyouruncle.

Afterdinner,thefourkeynegotiatorsresumedtheirtalks,whichcontinuedwellintothenight.

（三）融合法

举例：

Thereisamandownstairswhowantstoseeyou

Inourfactory,therearemanypeoplewhoaremuchinterestedinthenewinvention

（四）状译法

1.译成表示“时间"的分句举例：

Adriverwhoisdrivingthebusmustn'ttalkwithothersorbeabsent-minded.

2.译成表示“原因”的分句

举例：

HeshowednofurtherwishforconversationwithMrs.Smith,whowasnowmorethanusuallyinsolentanddisagreeable

3.译成表示“条件"的分句

举例：

Menbecomedesperateforwork,anywork,whichwillhelpthemtokeepalivetheirfamilies

4.译成表示“让步"的分句

举例：

Heinsistedonbuyinganotherhouse,whichhehadnousefor.

5.译成表示“目的”的分句举例：

Hewishestowriteanarticlethatwillattractthepublicattentiontothematte.

Heiscollectingauthenticmaterialthatproveshisargument

6.译成表示"结果"的分句

举例：

Theytriedtostampouttherevolt,whichspreadallthemorefuriously.

7.译成表示“转折”的分句

举例：

Shewasverypatienttowardsthechildren,whichherhusbandseldomwas

3.被动语态的翻译

（一）译成汉语主动句

1.保存原文主语

举例：

ThemeetingisscheduledforApril6th.

Watercanbechangedfromaliquidintoasolid.

Whenrustisformed,achemicalchangehastakenplace.

2.主宾颠倒

举例1:

Shewasgivenanewperbyherfather.

Heatandlightcanbegivenoffbythischemicalchange

Onlyasmallportionofsolarenergyisnowbeingusedbyus

举例2:

Communicationsatelliteshavealreadybeenusedforlivingtransmissioninourcountry.

3.增加主语

举例：

Theissuehasnotyetbeenthoroughlyexplored.

Whatwesayherewillnotbelongremembered,butwhatwedoherecanchangetheworld.

（二）译成汉语无主句

举例：

Measureshavebeentakentopreventtheepidemicfromspreadingquickly.

Watercanbeshownascontainingimpurities.

Theunpleasantnoisemustbeimmediatelyputanend.

（三）译成汉语判断句

举例：

Thedecisiontoattackwasnottakenlightly.

PrintingwasintroducedintoEuropefromChina.

ThemanuscriptwassenttotheprinterinLondonafewweeksbeforetheFrenchrevolution.

ThecreditsysteminAmericawasfirstadoptedbyHarvardUniversityin1872.

（四）译成汉语被动句

举例：

Hehadbeenfiredforrefusingtoobeyordersfromtheheadoffice.

Theschoolboywasknockeddownbyaminibuswhencrossingthestreet.

Hewaspraisedbyhisteacher.

Problemsshouldberesolvedingoodtime.

Foralongperiodtocome,mostofChina'elderlywillcontinuetobeprovidedforbytheirfamilies.

（五）常用被动句型“lt+被动语态+that”的翻译

举例：

Itisstressedthatthefieldofscieneemaybedividedintotwomajorareas:

naturalscieneeandsocialscienee.

Itshouldbepointedoutthatthisprocessisoxidation.

【常用被动句型的习惯译法】

Itishopedthat…希望，有人希望

Itisassumedthat…假设，假定

Itisclaimedthat…据说，有人主张

Itisbelievedthat…有人相信，大家相信

Itisreportedthat…据报道，据通报

Itisconsideredthat…人们认为，据估计

Itissaidthat…据说，有人说

Itissupposedthat…

Ithasbeenannouncedthat--

Itisassertedthat…

Itisrumoredthat…

Itisnoticedthat…

Itissuggestedthat…

Itislearnedthat…

Itisdemonstratedthat…

Itisestimatedthat•…

Itispointedoutthat…

Itisproposedthat…

Itwillbeseenfromthisthat…

Itisstressedthat…

Itcannotbedeniedthat…

Itissometimesaskedthat…

Itmustbeadmittedthat•…

Ithasbeenillustratedthat…

Itisuniversallyacceptedthat…

Itisunanimouslyagreedthat…

Itcanbesaidwithoutexaggerationthat•…