句的翻译技巧.docx

1、句的翻译技巧1.名词性从句的翻译（一）主语从句1.以 what, whatever, whoever, whether, when, where, how, why等词引导的主语从句，在翻译的时候，一般可以按照英语原文顺序来翻译。举例：What he told me was on ly half-truth.Whatever is worth doing should be done well.Whether he comes or no tmakes no differe nee.Whe n we can beg in the expeditionis still a questi on.H

2、ow he is going to do it is a mystery.2.用it做形式主语的主语从句，可以把主语从句放 到汉语句子的最前面翻译。为了强调，it 一般可以 翻译出来；如果不需要强调，it也不可不译出来。举例：It doesntmake much difference whether he attends themeeti ng or notIt seemed inconceivable that the pilot could have survived the crash有时候，如果主语从句依然按照英语原来的顺序翻 译的话，it 一般不需要译出来。在汉语译文的开始，一般可以

3、用“,的是，”这样的结构来翻译。举例：It is stra ngethat she should have failed to see her own shortco min gs.（二）宾语从句1.用 that, what, how, when, which, why, whether, if 等引起的宾语从句，翻译成汉语的时候，一般不需要改变它在原句中的顺序。举例：I told him that because of the last condition, I dhave to turn it dow n.Can you hearwhat I say?I dont know that he

4、 swam across the riverHe has in formed me whe n they are to discuss my proposal.有时可加“说字，再接下去翻译英语原文宾语从 句的内容。举例：Smith replied that he was sorryHe would remind people aga in that it was decided not only by himself but by lots of others.2.用it做形式宾语的句子，在翻译的时候，that所引导的宾语从句一般可按英语原文顺序翻译； it有时候可以不用翻译。举例：I mad

5、e it clear to them that they must hand in their papers before 10 oclocki n the morning.I heard it said that he had gone abroad.但有时候，也可以在译文中将that引导的宾语从句 提到句子最前面翻译。举例：I regard it as an honor that I am chosen to attend the meeti ng.We con sider it absolutely n ecessarythat we should ope n our door to t

6、he outside world（三）表语从句英语中的表语从句放在系动词后面，充当标语成 分，一般可以按照英语原文顺序直接翻译。 举例：It seemsthat it is going to snow.That is why Jack got scoldedThe question remains whether we can win the majority of the peopleHis view of the press was that the reporters were either for him or aga inst him.（四）同位语从句1.一般来说，同位语从句可以直接

7、翻译在主句后面。 举例：He expressed the hopethat he would come over to visitChi na againThere is a possibility that he is a spy2.有时候在翻译同位语从句时，可以将其放在所修 饰的名词前面，相当于前置的修饰语，但不一定 使用定语的标志词“的”。这种情况下，同位语从 句都比较简单。举例：The rumor that he was arrestedwas unfoun ded.3.增加“即”（或者“以为”）这样的词来连接，或 用冒号、破折号直接分开主句和同位语从句。举例：But this doe

8、s not in any way alter the fact that they are now, from a practical point of view, irrati on al.We have reached the conclusion that practice is the criterion for testing truth.Not long ago, the scie ntists made an excit ing discoverythat this waste material could be turned into plastics4.先翻从句再翻主句用 这

9、种观点、这一理论、这一思想、这一发现”过渡。But the idea that the journalist must understand the law more profoundly than an ordinary citizen rests on an un dersta nding of the established conven ti ons and special resp on sibilities of the n ews media2.定语从句的翻译（一） 前置法举例：He who has never tasted what is bitter does not kno

10、w what is sweet.Space and ocea ns arehe new world which scie ntists are trying to explore.His laughter, which was infectious broke the silenee.（二） 后置法1.重复先行词举例：I told the story to John, who told it to his brother.We wish to express our satisfacti on at this to the SpecialCommittee, whose activities

11、deserve to be en courage dAlthough he lacks experienee, he has enterprise and creativity, which are decisive in achiev ing success in the areaWe, the human species, are confronting a planetary emergency -a threat to the survival of our civilization that is gathering ominous and destructive potential

12、 even as we gather here2009)2.省略先行词 举例：It is he who received the letter that announ ced the death of your un cle.After dinner, the four key n egotiators resumedtheir talks, which con ti nued well into the ni ght.（三）融合法举例：There is a man dow nstairs who wants to see youIn our factory, there are many p

13、eople who are much interested in the new invention（四）状译法1.译成表示“时间的分句 举例：A driver who is driving the bus mustnttalk with others or be absent-minded.2.译成表示“原因”的分句举例：He showed no further wish for conversation with Mrs. Smith, who was now more than usually insolent and disagreeable3.译成表示“条件的分句举例：Men bec

14、ome desperatefor work, any work, which will help them to keep alive their families4.译成表示“让步的分句举例：He in sisted on buying ano ther house, which he had no use for.5.译成表示“目的”的分句 举例：He wishes to write an article that will attract the public atte nti on to the matte.He is collecting authentic material tha

15、t proves his argume nt6.译成表示结果的分句举例：They tried to stamp out the revolt, which spread all the more furiously.7.译成表示“转折”的分句举例：She was very patient towards the children, which her husba nd seldom was3.被动语态的翻译（一）译成汉语主动句1.保存原文主语举例：The meet ing isscheduledfor April 6 th.Water can becha ngedfrom a liquid i

16、nto a solid.Whe n rust is formed, a chemical cha nge has take n place.2.主宾颠倒举例1:She was give n a new perby her father.Heat and light can be give n off by this chemical cha ngeOnly a small portion of solar energy is now being used by us举例2:Communication satellites have already been used for liv ing t

17、ran smissi on in our coun try.3.增加主语举例：The issue has not yet bee n thoroughly explored.What we say here will not be long remembered, but what we do here can cha nge the world.（二）译成汉语无主句举例：Measureshave bee n take n to preve nt the epidemic from spreadi ng quickly.Water can be show n as containing imp

18、urities.The un pleasa nt no isemust be immediately put an end.（三） 译成汉语判断句举例：The decisi on to attackwas not take nlightly.Printing was introducedinto Europe from China.The manu script was sent to the prin ter in London a few weeks before the French revoluti on.The credit system in America was first a

19、dopted by Harvard Un iversity in 1872.（四） 译成汉语被动句举例：He had been fired for refusing to obey orders from the head office.The schoolboy was kno cked dow n by a mini bus whe n cross ing the street.He was praisedby his teacher.Problemsshould be resolved in good time.For a long period to come, most of Chi

20、na elderly will con ti nue to be provided for by their families.（五） 常用被动句型“ lt+被动语态+that” 的翻译举例：It is stressed thatthe field of scie nee may be divided into two major areas: n atural scie nee and social scie nee.It should be poin ted out thatthis process is oxidati on.【常用被动句型的习惯译法】It is hoped that 希

21、望，有人希望It is assumed that 假设，假定It is claimed that 据说，有人主张It is believed that 有人相信，大家相信It is reported that 据报道，据通报It is considered that 人们认为，据估计It is said that 据说，有人说It is supposed that It has bee n announ ced that-It is asserted that It is rumored that It is no ticed that It is suggested thatIt is le

22、arned that It is dem on strated that It is estimated thatIt is poin ted out that It is proposed that It will be seen from this that It is stressed that It can not be denied that It is sometimes asked that It must be admitted thatIt has bee n illustrated that It is uni versally accepted that It is unanim ously agreed that It can be said without exaggerati on that