理工AB第一讲3版.docx
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理工AB第一讲3版
1、ElectricBackpack
Backpacksareconvenient.Theycanholdyourbooks,yourlunch,andachangeofclothes,leavingyourhandsfreetodootherthings.Someday,ifyoudon’tmindcarryingaheavyload,yourbackpacksmightalsopoweryourMP31player,keepyourcellphonerunning,andmaybeevenlightyourwayhome.LawrenceC.RomeandhiscolleaguesfromtheUniversityofPennsylvaniainPhiladelphia2andtheMarineBiologicalLaboratoryinWoodsHole3,Mass.4,haveinventedabackpackthatmakeselectricityfromenergyproducedwhileitswearerwalks.Inmilitaryactions,search-and-rescueoperations,andscientificfieldstudies,peoplerelyincreasinglyoncellphones,globalpositioningsystem（GPS）5receivers,night-visiongoggles,andotherbattery-powereddevicestogetaroundanddotheirwork..Thebackpack’selectricity-generatingfeaturecoulddramaticallyreducetheamountofawearer’sloadnowdevotedtosparebatteries,reportRomeandhiscolleaguesintheSept.9Science6.Thebackpack’selectricity-creatingpowersdependonspringsusedtohangaclothpackfromitsmetalframe.Theframesitsagainstthewearer’sback,andthewholepackmovesupanddownasthepersonwalks.Agearmechanismconvertsverticalmovementsofthepacktorotarymotionsofanelectricalgenerator,producingupto7.4watts.Unexpectedly,testsshowedthatwearersofthenewbackpackaltertheirgaitsinresponsetothepack’soscillations,sothattheycarryloadsmorecomfortablyandwithlesseffortthantheydoordinarybackpacks.Becauseofthatsurprisingadvantage,Romeplanstocommercializebothelectricandnon-electricversionsofthebackpack.Thebackpackcouldbeespeciallyusefulforsoldiers,scientists,mountaineers,andemergencyworkerswhotypicallycarryheavybackpacks.Fortherestofus,power-generatingbackpackscouldmakeitpossibletowalk,playvideogames,watchTV,andlistentomusic,allatthesametime.Electricity-generatingpacksaren’tonthemarketyet,butifyoudogetoneeventually,justmakesuretolookbothwaysbeforecrossingthestreet!
词汇：
backpackn.背包wattn.瓦（特）receivern.接收机gaitn.步态，步法night-visiongoggle夜视镜Oscillationn.摆动springn.弹簧commercializev.商业化verticaladj.垂直的Mountaineern.登山运动员rotaryadj.旋转的注释：
1.MP3：
Internet上最流行的音乐格式，最早起源于1987年德国一家公司的EU147数字传输计划，它利用MPEGAudioLayer3的技术，将声音文件用1∶12左右的压缩率压缩，变成容量较小的音乐文件，使传输和储存更为便捷，更利于互联网用户在网上试听或下载到个人计算机。
2.Philadelphia：
费城[美国宾夕法尼亚州东南部港市]3.WoodsHole：
美国马萨诸塞州的一个渔村，也是许多重要研究机构所在地，如：
theMarineBiologicalLaboratory,theSeaEducationAssociation以及theWoodsHoleOceanographicInstitution,4.Mass.：
Massachusetts的缩写：
马萨诸塞州，美国东北部的一个州。
5.globalpositioningsystem（GPS）：
全球定位系统6.Science：
美国的Science杂志为国际上著名的自然科学综合类学术期刊，在世界学术界享有盛誉。
Science杂志创刊于1880年，该杂志具有新闻杂志和学术期刊的双重特点，每周除向世界各地发布有关科学技术和科技政策的重要新闻外，还发表全球科技研究最显著突破的研究论文和报告。
练习：
Backpacksareconvenientbecause
A:
theycanbeverylarge
B:
theycanholdasmanythingsasyouwanttocarry.
C:
yourhandsarefreedtodootherthings.
D:
youdonothavetocarrythingswithyou.
答案:
C
解析:
第一段告诉我们，因为背包可以装许多东西，所以可以将双手解放出来做其它事情：
tofreeyourhandstodootherthings.
2、WhatisthemostimportantfeatureofthebackpackinventedbyLawrenceC.Romeandhiscolleagues?
A:
Itproduceselectricityforelectronicdeviceswhilethewearerwalks.
B:
Itcanbeusedascellphones,GPSinthemilitaryactionsorfieldstudies.
C:
Itissmallandconvenient.
D:
Itislightandeasytocarry.
答案:
A
解析:
第二段的第一句说，LawrenceC.Rome及其同事们发明的这种背包，当背着背包走路时，会有电能产生；该段最后一句告诉我们，背包的这种性能可减少背包的重量，因为不必携带备用电池。
3、Theword“springs”inParagraph3means
A:
asmallstreamofwaterflowingnaturallyfromtheearth.
B:
theseasonoftheyear,occurringbetweenwinterandsummer.
C:
theactoraninstanceofjumpingorleaping.
D:
alengthofmetalwoundaround,whichreturnstoitsoriginalshapeafterbeingpushed.
答案:
D
解析:
“springs”在此是弹簧的意思。
spring是一个多义词：
泉水（A）、春天（B）、弹跳（C）。
4、AccordingtoParagraph4,whatdoesRomeplantodo?
A:
Tomakethebackpackmorecomfortableforthewearer.
B:
Toputthebackpackonthemarket.
C:
Totesttheadvantageofthebackpack.
D:
Topromotethebackpackinanewspaperorontelevision.
答案:
B
解析:
第四段最后一句的意思是：
Rome计划将这种背包商业化，即，推向市场。
A、C、D在文中均未提到。
D的意思是为背包做广告。
5、Whatisimpliedin“ifyoudogetoneeventually,justmakesuretolookbothwaysbeforecrossingthestreet!
”
A:
Youwillbetooexcitedtowatchthetraffic.
B:
Enjoyingelectronicdeviceswhilewalkingmayinvitetrafficaccidents.
C:
Itisnotpossibleforyoutogetsuchabackpack.
D:
Itiswiseofyoutohavesuchabackpack.
答案:
B
解析:
这个句子的字面意思是：
如果你终于得到这样的背包，过马路时一定要两面都看看。
也就是说，不要因为同时玩着游戏、听着音乐、看着电视，太专注以致不注意来往车辆了。
6、CallingforSafeCelebrationsThisFourthofJuly
LastFourthofJuly,Pete,a14-year-oldboy,wasenjoyingthelit-upskiesandloudboomsfromthefireworksbeingsetoff1inhisneighborhood.Suddenly,theeveningtookaterribleturn2.Abottlerocketshotintohiseye,immediatelycausinghimterriblepain.Hisfamilyrushedhimtotheemergencyroomfortreatment.Asaresultoftheinjury,Petedevelopedglaucomaandcataracts.Today,Petehaspermanentvisionlossinhisinjuredeyebecauseofhisbottlerocketinjury.JuneisFireworksEyeSafetyAwarenessMonth,andthroughitsEyeSmartcampaigntheAmericanAcademyofOphthalmologywantstoremindconsumerstoleavefireworkstoprofessionals."ThereisnothingworsethanaFourthofJulycelebrationruinedbysomeonebeinghitintheeyewithabottlerocket,"saidDr.JohnC.Hagan,clinicalcorrespondentfortheAcademyandanophthalmologistatDiscoverVisionCentersinKansasCity."Asafecelebrationmeanslettingtrainedprofessionalshandlefireworkswhileyouenjoytheshow."AccordingtotheU.S.ConsumerProductSafetyCommission,morethan9,000fireworksrelatedinjurieshappeneachyear.Ofthese,nearlyhalfarehead-relatedinjuries,withnearly30percentoftheseinjuriestotheeye.One-fourthoffireworkseyeinjuriesresultin3permanentvisionlossorblindness.Childrenarethemostcommonvictimsoffireworkabuse,withthosefifteenyearsoldoryoungeraccountingfor450percentoffireworkseyeinjuriesintheUnitedStates.Dr.Haganestimatesthathispracticeseesmorethan30injurieseachyearfromfireworks.Evenfireworksthatmanypeopleconsidersaferepresentathreattotheeyes.Forchildrenundertheageoffive,apparentlyharmlesssparklersaccountforone-thirdofallfireworksinjuries.Sparklerscanbumatnearly2,000degreesFahrenheit.词汇：
Fireworksn．烟火professionaln．专业人员Glaucoma凡．青光眼abusen．伤害Cataractn．白内障sparklern．花炮ophthalmologyn．眼科学Fahrenheitn．华氏注释：
1．setoff：
点燃2．tookaterribleturn：
发生恶转3．resultin：
导致4．accountingfor：
（指数量）占..
练习：
WhathappenedtoPetelastFourthofJuly?
A:
Hewasburnedinahousefire.
B:
Hewascaughtinarain.
C:
Hewasinjuredinafight.
D:
Hewashitintheeye.
答案:
D
解析:
短文的第一段讲到，去年七月四日，Pete在观看国庆焰火燃放时不幸被击中眼睛。
7、TheAmericanAcademyofOphthalmologycallsonconsumersto___________.
A:
celebratetheFourthofJulywithfireworks.
B:
leavefireworkstoprofessionalsintheircelebrations.
C:
stopcelebratingtheFourthofJulyaltogether.
D:
setofffireworkstogetherwithtrainedprofessionals.
答案:
B
解析:
短文的第二段讲到，美国眼科学会呼吁人们在庆祝国庆时最好让专业人员去放烟火，而自己只作观赏者。
8、HowmanyfireworkseyeinjuriesoccurintheUSeachyear?
A:
About9,000.
B:
About4,500.
C:
About1,350.
D:
About30.
答案:
C
解析:
短文的第三段讲到，在美国，每年发生9，000多起有烟火导致的伤害，其中有一半是头部伤，而在这一半头部伤中，又有三分之一是眼伤。
9、FireworkseyeinjuriescanresultineachofthefollowingEXCEPT____________.
A:
blindness.
B:
permanentvisionloss.
C:
glaucomaandcataracts.
D:
head-relatedinjuries.
答案:
D
解析:
前面三项危害短文都分别提到过，而head—relatedinjuries包含fireworkseyeinjuries，而不是由其导致的。
10、WhichisNOTtrueofsparklers?
A:
Theyareharmlesstochildren.
B:
Theyareconsideredsafebymanypeople.
C:
Theyareathreattotheeyes.
D:
Theycanburnatveryhighdegrees.
答案:
A
解析:
短文最后一段说到，sparklers在许多人看来是安全的，但其实对于小于5岁的孩子来说，但其所有烟花造成的伤害的三分之一都是由sparklers导致的。
显然，它们不是没有危害的。
11、UrbanRainforest
OnthewestsideoftheislandofManhattaninNewY0rkCity，treebytree，leafbyleaf,a2,500squarefootsectoroftheCentralAfricanRepublic’sDzangaNdokiRainforesthasbeentransportedto，orrecreatedat，theAmericanMuseumofNaturalHistory’snewhallofbiodiversity．WhenthehallopensthisMay,visitorswillvisitoneoftheworld’sbiggestandmostaccuratereproductionofoneofnature’smostthreatenedcreations．TobringtherainforesttoNewY0rk．ateamofnearlytwodozenscientists—thelargestcollectingexpeditionthemuseumhaseverorganizedforanexhibit—spentfiveweeksintheAfricanrainforestcollectingsoil，plants，andleaves；recordinganddocumentingspecies；studyingtrees；shootingvideotapeandstillphotos；andinterviewinglocalpeople．“Thisareahasbeenexploredverylittle,”saysHoelCracraftwhoestimatesthatthemuseumwilleventuallycollect150to180mammals，morethan300speciesofbirds，hundredsofbutterflies，andhundredsofthousands，ifnot111illions，oforganisms．Theexhibitionmayevenhaveproducedaspecialprize-scientistssuspecttheyhaveuncoveredseveralnewspecies．Togivetheforestasenseofrealness，thebackwalloftheexhibitisanenormousvideoscreen，soundswillcomeoutfromhiddenspeakers．andplansevencallforforestsmells．Computercontrolswillvarytheeffectssothatnotwowalkthroughswilleverbeexactlythesame．AftertheteamreturnedtoNewYork．theforestwasreproducedwiththehelpofthecomputerComputerModellingprogrammesplotteddistancesandspecialrelationships．Artistsstudiedphotosandbroughtwhattheysawto1ife．Plastertreesweremade．Recreatedanimalsbegantostandintherainforestofthehall．Flyingcreatureswillhangfromtheceiling．The1ightintheforest—oneoftheexhibit’scleverestre-creations—willseemreal
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