理工AB第一讲3版.docx

1、理工AB第一讲3版1、Electric Backpack Backpacks are convenient. They can hold your books, your lunch, and a change of clothes, leaving your hands free to do other things. Someday, if you dont mind carrying a heavy load, your backpacks might also power your MP31 player, keep your cell phone running, and maybe

2、 even light your way home.Lawrence C. Rome and his colleagues from the University of Pennsylvania in Philadelphia2 and the Marine Biological Laboratory in Woods Hole3, Mass. 4, have invented a backpack that makes electricity from energy produced while its wearer walks. In military actions, search-an

3、d-rescue operations, and scientific field studies, people rely increasingly on cell phones, global positioning system (GPS)5 receivers, night-vision goggles, and other battery-powered devices to get around and do their work. The backpacks electricity-generating feature could dramatically reduce the

4、amount of a wearers load now devoted to spare batteries, report Rome and his colleagues in the Sept. 9 Science6.The backpacks electricity-creating powers depend on springs used to hang a cloth pack from its metal frame. The frame sits against the wearers back, and the whole pack moves up and down as

5、 the person walks. A gear mechanism converts vertical movements of the pack to rotary motions of an electrical generator, producing up to 7.4 watts.Unexpectedly, tests showed that wearers of the new backpack alter their gaits in response to the packs oscillations, so that they carry loads more comfo

6、rtably and with less effort than they do ordinary backpacks. Because of that surprising advantage, Rome plans to commercialize both electric and non-electric versions of the backpack.The backpack could be especially useful for soldiers, scientists, mountaineers, and emergency workers who typically c

7、arry heavy backpacks. For the rest of us, power-generating backpacks could make it possible to walk, play video games, watch TV, and listen to music, all at the same time. Electricity-generating packs arent on the market yet, but if you do get one eventually, just make sure to look both ways before

8、crossing the street! 词汇：backpack n.背包 watt n. 瓦（特）receiver n. 接收机 gait n. 步态，步法night-vision goggle 夜视镜 Oscillation n. 摆动spring n. 弹簧 commercialize v. 商业化vertical adj. 垂直的 Mountaineer n. 登山运动员rotary adj. 旋转的 注释：1. MP3 ：Internet上最流行的音乐格式，最早起源于1987年德国一家公司的EU147数字传输计划，它利用MPEGAudioLayer3的技术，将声音文件用112左右的压

9、缩率压缩，变成容量较小的音乐文件，使传输和储存更为便捷，更利于互联网用户在网上试听或下载到个人计算机。2. Philadelphia：费城美国宾夕法尼亚州东南部港市3. Woods Hole：美国马萨诸塞州的一个渔村，也是许多重要研究机构所在地，如： the Marine Biological Laboratory, the Sea Education Association 以及 the Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution,4. Mass.：Massachusetts 的缩写：马萨诸塞州，美国东北部的一个州。5. global positioning s

10、ystem (GPS)： 全球定位系统6. Science：美国的 Science 杂志为国际上著名的自然科学综合类学术期刊，在世界学术界享有盛誉。 Science 杂志创刊于1880年，该杂志具有新闻杂志和学术期刊的双重特点，每周除向世界各地发布有关科学技术和科技政策的重要新闻外，还发表全球科技研究最显著突破的研究论文和报告。练习： Backpacks are convenient becauseA:they can be very largeB:they can hold as many things as you want to carry.C:your hands are freed

11、to do other things.D:you do not have to carry things with you. 答案:C解析: 第一段告诉我们，因为背包可以装许多东西，所以可以将双手解放出来做其它事情：to free your hands to do other things.2、What is the most important feature of the backpack invented by Lawrence C. Rome and his colleagues?A:It produces electricity for electronic devices whil

12、e the wearer walks. B:It can be used as cell phones, GPS in the military actions or field studies. C:It is small and convenient. D:It is light and easy to carry. 答案:A解析:第二段的第一句说，Lawrence C. Rome 及其同事们发明的这种背包，当背着背包走路时，会有电能产生；该段最后一句告诉我们，背包的这种性能可减少背包的重量，因为不必携带备用电池。3、The word “springs” in Paragraph 3 me

13、ansA:a small stream of water flowing naturally from the earth.B:the season of the year, occurring between winter and summer.C:the act or an instance of jumping or leaping. D:a length of metal wound around, which returns to its original shape after being pushed.答案:D解析:“springs”在此是弹簧的意思。spring是一个多义词：泉

14、水（A）、春天（B）、弹跳（C）。4、According to Paragraph 4, what does Rome plan to do?A:To make the backpack more comfortable for the wearer.B:To put the backpack on the market. C:To test the advantage of the backpack. D:To promote the backpack in a newspaper or on television.答案:B解析:第四段最后一句的意思是：Rome计划将这种背包商业化，即，推向

15、市场。A、C、D在文中均未提到。D的意思是为背包做广告。5、What is implied in “if you do get one eventually, just make sure to look both ways before crossing the street!”A:You will be too excited to watch the traffic. B:Enjoying electronic devices while walking may invite traffic accidents. C:It is not possible for you to get s

16、uch a backpack.D:It is wise of you to have such a backpack. 答案:B解析:这个句子的字面意思是：如果你终于得到这样的背包，过马路时一定要两面都看看。也就是说，不要因为同时玩着游戏、听着音乐、看着电视，太专注以致不注意来往车辆了。6、Calling for Safe Celebrations This Fourth of JulyLast Fourth of July, Pete, a 14-year-old boy, was enjoying the lit-up skies and loud booms from the firew

17、orks being set off1 in his neighborhood. Suddenly, the evening took a terrible turn2.A bottle rocket shot into his eye, immediately causing him terrible pain. His family rushed him to the emergency room for treatment. As a result of the injury, Pete developed glaucoma and cataracts. Today, Pete has

18、permanent vision loss in his injured eye because of his bottle rocket injury.June is Fireworks Eye Safety Awareness Month, and through its Eye Smart campaign the American Academy of Ophthalmology wants to remind consumers to leave fireworks to professionals. There is nothing worse than a Fourth of J

19、uly celebration ruined by someone being hit in the eye with a bottle rocket, said Dr. John C. Hagan, clinical correspondent for the Academy and an ophthalmologist at Discover Vision Centers in Kansas City. A safe celebration means letting trained professionals handle fireworks while you enjoy the sh

20、ow.According to the U. S. Consumer Product Safety Commission, more than 9,000 fireworks related injuries happen each year. Of these, nearly half are head-related injuries, with nearly 30 percent of these injuries to the eye. One-fourth of fireworks eye injuries result in3 permanent vision loss or bl

21、indness. Children are the most common victims of firework abuse, with those fifteen years old or younger accounting for4 50 percent of fireworks eye injuries in the United States. Dr. Hagan estimates that his practice sees more than 30 injuries each year from fireworks.Even fireworks that many peopl

22、e consider safe represent a threat to the eyes. For children under the age of five, apparently harmless sparklers account for one-third of all fireworks injuries. Sparklers can bum at nearly 2,000 degrees Fahrenheit.词汇：Fireworks n烟火 professional n专业人员Glaucoma 凡青光眼 abuse n伤害Cataract n白内障 sparkler n花炮

23、ophthalmology n眼科学 Fahrenheit n华氏注释：1set off：点燃2took a terrible turn：发生恶转3result in：导致4accounting for：(指数量)占. 练习： What happened to Pete last Fourth of July?A:He was burned in a house fire.B:He was caught in a rain.C:He was injured in a fight.D:He was hit in the eye.答案:D解析:短文的第一段讲到，去年七月四日，Pete在观看国庆焰火

24、燃放时不幸被击中眼睛。7、The American Academy of Ophthalmology calls on consumers to_.A:celebrate the Fourth of July with fireworks.B:leave fireworks to professionals in their celebrations.C: stop celebrating the Fourth of July altogether.D:set off fireworks together with trained professionals.答案:B解析:短文的第二段讲到，美

25、国眼科学会呼吁人们在庆祝国庆时最好让专业人员去放烟火，而自己只作观赏者。8、How many fireworks eye injuries occur in the US each year?A:About 9,000.B:About 4,500.C: About 1,350.D: About 30.答案:C解析:短文的第三段讲到，在美国，每年发生9，000多起有烟火导致的伤害，其中有一半是头部伤，而在这一半头部伤中，又有三分之一是眼伤。9、Fireworks eye injuries can result in each of the following EXCEPT_.A:blindnes

26、s.B:permanent vision loss.C:glaucoma and cataracts.D:head-related injuries.答案:D解析:前面三项危害短文都分别提到过，而headrelated injuries包含fireworks eye injuries，而不是由其导致的。10、Which is NOT true of sparklers?A:They are harmless to children.B:They are considered safe by many people.C:They are a threat to the eyes.D:They c

27、an burn at very high degrees.答案:A解析:短文最后一段说到，sparklers在许多人看来是安全的，但其实对于小于5岁的孩子来说，但其所有烟花造成的伤害的三分之一都是由sparklers导致的。显然，它们不是没有危害的。11、Urban Rainforest On the west side of the island of Manhattan in New Y0rk City，tree by tree，leaf by leaf, a 2,500 square foot sector of the Central African Republics Dzanga

28、Ndoki Rainforest has been transported to，or recreated at，the American Museum of Natural Historys new hall of biodiversityWhen the hall opens this May, visitors will visit one of the worlds biggest and most accurate reproduction of one of natures most threatened creations To bring the rainforest to N

29、ew Y0rka team of nearly two dozen scientiststhe largest collecting expedition the museum has ever organized for an exhibit spent five weeks in the African rainforest collecting soil，plants，and leaves；recording and documenting species；studying trees；shooting videotape and still photos；and interviewin

30、g local people“This area has been explored very little,” says Hoel Cracraft who estimates that the museum will eventually collect 150 to 180 mammals，more than 300 species of birds，hundreds of butterflies，and hundreds of thousands，if not 111illions，of organismsThe exhibition may even have produced a

31、special prize - scientists suspect they have uncovered several new speciesTo give the forest a sense of realness，the back wall of the exhibit is an enormous videoscreen，sounds will come out from hidden speakersand plans even call for forest smellsComputer controls will vary the effects so that no tw

32、o walkthroughs will ever be exactly the sameAfter the team returned to New Yorkthe forest was reproduced with the help of the computer Computer Modelling programmes plotted distances and special relationshipsArtists studied photos and brought what they saw to 1ifePlaster trees were madeRecreated animals began to stand in the rainforest of the hallFlying creatures will hang from the ceilingThe 1ight in the forestone of the exhibits cleverest re-creationswill seem real