短语语法知识汇总 人教版八年级英语下册Unit4Whydontyoutalktoyourparents 2.docx
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短语语法知识汇总人教版八年级英语下册Unit4Whydontyoutalktoyourparents2
Unit4Whydon'tyoutalktoyourparents
一、必背短语
SectionA部分
1.允许某人去做某事
allowsb.todosth
2.和…打架
getintoafightwith
3.谈论关于…
talkabout
4.在电话中
onthephone
5.浏览、翻看
lookthrough
6.重要的事
abigdeal
7.生某人的气
beangrywith
8.成功解决、计算出
workout
9.和..相处得好
getonwith…
10.有足够的睡眠
getenoughsleep
11.笼罩
hangover
12.主动提出做…
offertodo…
13.和…交流
communicatewith…
14.拒绝做某事
refusetodo
15.向某人解释…
explainsth.tosb.
16.抄袭某人的作业
copyone’shomework
SectionB部分
1.家庭成员
familymembers
2.业余活动
freetimeactivities
3.与某人竞争
competewithsb.
4.提出某人的观点
giveone’sopinion
5.学习应试技巧
learnexamskills
6.依….的观点看
inone’sopinion
7.删除,删减
cutout
8.总的做某事(厌烦等)
bealwaysdoingsth.
【教材内容解析】
SectionA
1.Myparentsdon’tallowmetohangoutwithmyfriends.(P.25)
①allowdoingsth.允许做某事
翻译:
Theshopkeeper(店员)doesn’tallowsmokinginanycorneroftheshop.
______________________________________________________________
②allowsb.todosth.允许某人做某事
翻译:
Hisparentsallowhimtoplaycomputergamesifhefinisheshishomework.
_______________________________________________________________
2.Igotintoafightwithmybestfriend.(P.25)
getintoafightwithsb.意为“和某人打架”,相当于haveafightwithsb.或者fightwithsb.。
翻译:
Hegotdrunk(醉酒的)andgotintoafightwithJim.
____________________________________________________________
3.What’swrong?
(P.25)
What’swrong?
意为“怎么了?
”,用来询问对方有什么问题或者不顺心的事,What’swrongwith...?
意为“……怎么了?
”,后接sb.或者sth.,用来询问某人或者某物怎么了?
---What’swrongwithyou,Jim?
---Ileftmyumbrellaonthebus.
【拓展】询问“怎么了?
”,主要有以下几种句型:
What’swrong(withsb./sth.)?
What’sthematter(withsb./sth.)?
What’sthetrouble(withsb./sth.)?
What’sup(withsb./sth.)?
4.I’mreallytiredbecauseIstudieduntilmidnightlastnight.(P.25)
until表示“直到”和延续性动词连用,意为一个动作一直持续到某个点为止;同短暂性行动连用时,用于“not...until”结构中,表示“直到……才……”。
翻译:
Theboywaitedintheschooluntilhisfathercametopickhimup.
_____________________________________________________________
翻译:
Theworkerswon’tleaveuntiltheygettheirsalary(工资).
_____________________________________________________________
5.Whydon’tyougotosleepearlierthisevening?
(P.25)
Whydon’tyoudosth.?
意为“你为什么不做某事”,常用来向对方提出意见,相当于Whynotdosth.?
。
肯定回答用Goodidea./Good./Allright./Sure.等;
否定回答用No,Idon’tthinkso./Sorry,Ican’t.等。
---Whydon’tyougosleepingwithus?
---Goodidea.
6.Well,Ifoundmysisterlookingthroughmythingsyesterday.(P.26)
(1)findsb.doingsth.表示“发现某人正在做某事”,表示动作正在进行。
翻译:
Tomfoundamanstealingsomethingwhenhewasinthesupermarketyesterday.__________________________________________________
(2)lookthrough意为“快速查看、浏览”。
翻译:
Itisagoodhabittolookthroughnewspaperseveryday.
______________________________________________________________
【拓展】look的相关短语
lookforwardto盼望、期待
lookup查阅
lookinto调查
lookafter照看
7.Althoughshe’swrong,it’snotabigdeal.(P.26)
(1)although是连词,意为“虽然、即使”,相当于though,引导让步状语从句。
翻译:
Although/Thoughmygrandmaisold,sheisveryhealthy.
_____________________________________________________________
(2)it’snotabigdeal意为“没什么大不了、不是什么大事”。
翻译:
Changethetimeofthemeeting.It’snotabigdeal.
_____________________________________________________________
8.Hopethingsworkout.(P.26)
workout此处表示“成功地发展”,后常跟fine,well,badly等词,表示产生的结果如何;此外workout还可以表示“解决、制定出”。
翻译:
Everythingisworkingoutwell.
_____________________________________________________________
翻译:
Themathproblemisdifficultformetoworkout.
_____________________________________________________________
翻译:
Ihaveworkedoutanewwayofdoingit.
_____________________________________________________________
9.MyproblemisthatIcan’tgetonwithmyfamily.(P.27)
getonwith意为“和睦相处”,后接人作宾语,相当于getalongwith。
翻译:
Thenewteacherisgettingon/alongwiththestudents.
_____________________________________________________________
【拓展】geton/alongwithsth.意为“在……方面取得进展”
翻译:
Howareyougettingonwithyouressay?
____________________________________________________________
10.Whentheyargue,it’slikeabig,blackcloudhangingoverourhome.(P.27)
argue用作动词,表示“争吵”,arguewithsb.“与某人争吵”;argueaboutsth.“就某事争论”。
翻译:
Maryoftenargueswithhermotheraboutwhichclothestowear.
____________________________________________________________
翻译:
Theywerearguingaboutthematteragain.
____________________________________________________________
11.Also,myelderbrotherisnotverynicetome.(P.27)
elder用作形容词,意为“年纪较长的”,反义词是younger。
Hiselderbrotherisill.
【拓展】elder和older的区别
elder用来表示兄弟姐妹以及子女之间的长幼关系,常用作定语;older泛指新旧、老幼或者年龄大小的关系,可以用作表语或者定语。
12.HealwaysrefusestoletmewatchmyfavoriteTVshow.(P.27)
refuse表示“拒绝”时,后常接名词或者动词不定式作宾语。
翻译:
ThegirlrefusedtheofferfromOxfordUniversity.
__________________________________________________________
翻译:
Mostoftheresidentsrefusedtomoveawayfromhere.
__________________________________________________________
13.Insteadhewatcheswhateverhewantsuntillateatnight.(P.27)
(1)instead是副词,用于句尾,在句中作状语;insteadof是介词短语,用于句中,后接名词、代词或动名词。
翻译:
Hewillbeondutyinsteadofmetomorrow.
__________________________________________________________
翻译:
Theydidn’tgoswimming.Theywenttoplayfootballinstead.
__________________________________________________________
(2)whatever表示“无论什么、不管什么”,引导让步状语从句,相当于nomatterwhat。
翻译:
Whateverdifficultieshemaymeet,hewillovercomethem.
__________________________________________________________
14.Ifyouparentsarehavingproblems,youshouldoffertohelp.(P.27)
①offer表示“提供”时,作双宾语动词,常用的结构为:
offersb.sth.相当于offersth.tosb.“为某人提供某物”。
翻译:
Therestaurantoffersfreecoffeetocustomers.
=Therestaurantofferscustomersfreecoffee.
____________________________________________________________
②offertodosth.“主动提出做某事”
翻译:
Thekindmanofferedtohelptheoldladyacrosstheroad.
___________________________________________________________
15.Secondly,whydon’tyousitdownandcommunicatewithyourbrother?
(P.27)
(1)secondly用作副词,意为“第二、其次”,常与firstly,thirdly或者lastly/finally等表示顺序先后的词,表示列举某些事实。
Firstly,theyarenotefficient,andsecondly,theyareexpensivetomake.
(2)communicatewithsb.表示“与某人交流”
翻译:
PeoplecancommunicatewitheachotherfreelyontheInternet.
_____________________________________________________________
16.Youshouldexplainthatyoudon’tmindhimwatchingTVallthetime.(P.27)
(1)explain表示“解释”,后常接名词作宾语,explainsth.tosb.意为“向某人解释某事”。
翻译:
Theteacherexplainedtheanswertothequestiontohisstudentsagainandagain.______________________________________________________
(2)mind的用法:
①minddoingsth.介意做某事
翻译:
Wouldyoumindopeningthewindowplease?
_____________________________________________________________
②mindsb’s/sbdoingsth.介意某人做某事
翻译:
Doyoumindmy/mecallingyouatnight?
_____________________________________________________________
17.Mycousinsborrowmythingswithoutreturningthem.(P.28)
return此处用作及物动词,表示“归还”,相当于giveback,returnsth.tosb.=returnsb.sth.。
翻译:
I’mgoingtoreturnthisbooktothelibrary.
_____________________________________________________________
18.Yourbestfrienddoesnottrustyouanymore.(P.28)
not...anymore相当于not...anymore意为“不再……”。
not...anymore相当于nomore,表示“不再”,强调程度或者数量上不再……;not...anylonger相当于nolonger,表示“不再”,强调时间上不再……。
翻译:
Ican’teatanymore,becauseIamfull.
=Icannomoreeat,becauseIamfull.
_____________________________________________________________
翻译:
Thevillageisnotwhatitwastenyearsagoanylonger.
=Thevillageisnolongerwhatitwastenyearago.
_____________________________________________________________
SectionB
1.Myparentsgivemealotofpressureaboutschool.(P.29)
pressure此处用作不可数名词,意为“压力”,underpressure表示“压力之下”。
翻译:
IfeelI’mnotabletodowellwiththepressurefrommyjob.
____________________________________________________________
2.Ihavetocompetewithmyclassmatesatschool.(P.29)
competewith意为“与……竞争/对抗”,相当于competeagainst...。
翻译:
Itisdifficultforasmallstoretocompetewith/againstasupermarket.
____________________________________________________________
3.TheTaylorsareatypicalAmericanfamily.(P.30)
“the+姓氏的复数”表示一家人,用作主语时,谓语动词用复数形式。
TheGreensliveinLosAngeles.
4.MaybeIcouldcutoutafewoftheiractivities,butIbelievetheseactivitiesareimportantformychildren’sfuture.(P.30)
cutout意为“删除、删去”。
翻译:
Youhadbettercutoutthatsentence.
____________________________________________________________
5.Theyhaveaquickdinner,andthenit’stimeforhomework.(P.30)
It’stimeforsth.意为“该做某事了”,相当于It’stimetodosth.。
It’stimeforlunch.
=It’stimetohavelunch.______________________________________________
6.“Insomefamilies,competitionstartsveryyoungandcontinuesuntilthekidsgetolder,”shedays.(P.30)
continue表示“继续”,后接动词不定式或者动名词作宾语。
翻译:
Mrs.Greencontinuedworking/toworkaftershehadherbaby.
____________________________________________________________
7.Andtheyarealwayscomparingthemwithotherchildren.(P.30)
(1)bealwaysdoingsth.意为“一直做某事、总是做某事”,含有赞扬、抱怨或厌恶等感情色彩,不表示正在发生的动作。
翻译:
Shewasalwaysmovingthingsaround.
____________________________________________________________
(2)compare表示“比较”时,常用的结构有两个:
compare...with...“把……同……比较”;compare...to...“把……比作……”。
翻译:
Don’tcompareyourchildrenwithothers’.
____________________________________________________________
翻译:
Weoftencomparethelittlekidstotheflowersofthemotherland.
____________________________________________________________
8.Peopleshouldn’tpushtheirkidssohard.(P.30)
push这里用作动词,表示“鞭策、敦促、推动”。
翻译:
Don’tpushyourselftoohard.
___________________________________________________________