高考英语阅读理解一解题方法和技巧及练习题1.docx

高考英语阅读理解一解题方法和技巧及练习题1.docx

《高考英语阅读理解一解题方法和技巧及练习题1.docx》由会员分享，可在线阅读，更多相关《高考英语阅读理解一解题方法和技巧及练习题1.docx（28页珍藏版）》请在冰豆网上搜索。

高考英语阅读理解一解题方法和技巧及练习题1

高考英语阅读理解

（一）解题方法和技巧及练习题

（1）

一、高中英语阅读理解

1．阅读理解

   YoucanseeaseaturtlenamedHerman,anoctopus（章鱼）calledOctavia,andasealnamedLidiaattheSmithsonian'sNationalZooinWashington,D.C.Ratherthanrealanimals,theyareactuallyartworksmadeoutofplastictrashfromtheocean.

   Theseartworksarepartofatravelingexhibitcalled"WashedAshore:

ArttoSavetheSea".TheWashedAshoreproject,ledbytheartistcalledPozzi,workstoraiseawarenessaboutplasticpollutioninEarth'soceans.

   Morethan315billionpoundsofplasticlittertheworld'soceanstoday.Mostoftheplasticisgarbagefromtownsandcities,aswellastrashthatpeopleleaveonbeaches.Rainwater,winds,andhightidesbringthetrashintotheoceanorintoriversthatleadtotheocean.Onceitisunderthewaves,theplasticbeginstobreakupintosmallerandsmallerpieces.

   Thousandsofseaanimalsdieeachyearfromeatingplasticbagsandotherthings.Eachyear,millionsmorepoundsofplasticendupintheocean.Arecentstudyfoundthatifthatcontinues,by2050thetotalweightofplasticwillbemorethanthatofallthefishintheocean.

   TheWashedAshoreprojectisworkingtostopthatfromhappening.Since2010,WashedAshorevolunteershavecollected38,000poundsofplastictrashfrommorethan300milesofbeaches.TheyhelpedPozzicreatemorethan60artworksofseacreaturesharmedbyplasticpollution.

   "Theseartworksareapowerfulreminderofourpersonalroleandglobalresponsibilityinpreservingbiodiversity（生物多样性）onlandandinthesea,"saysDennisKelly,directoroftheNationalZoo.

（1）WhatisthepurposeoftheartworksshownattheSmithsonian'sNationalZoo?

A. Toletpeopleknowaboutanimalsintheocean.         

B. Tointroduceonewayofrecyclingplastictrash.

C. Towarnpeopleofplasticpollutionintheocean.         

D. ToshowPozzi'sgreatgiftforcreatingartworks.

（2）Accordingtothepassage,whatisthesourceofplasticpollutionintheocean?

A. Garbagefromtownsandcities.                      

B. Trashleftonbeachesbypeople.

C. Plasticbagsbrokenupbywaves.                   

D. Littercreatedbyhumanactivities.

（3）ThedatainParagraph5isgiventoprovethat      .

A. plasticpollutionwillbemoreseriousintheocean         

B. moreandmoreartworksofseacreatureswillbemade

C. theWashedAshoreprojecthasmadegreatachievements         

D. volunteerscansolvetheoceanpollutionsuccessfullyby2050

（4）What'sDennisKelly'sattitudetowardstheartworks?

A. Worried.                      

B. Supportive.                      

C. Doubtful.                      

D. Unconcerned.

（5）Whatwouldbethebesttitleforthetext?

A. TurningTrashintoArt                                     

B. WorkingforWashedAshore

C. CollectingPlasticTrash                                    

D. StoppingEnvironmentalPollution

【答案】

（1）C

（2）D

（3）C

（4）B

（5）A

【解析】【分析】本文是一篇记叙文，Pozzi用垃圾雕塑了海洋动物，来提醒全球的人们去保护海洋，禁止人们朝海洋扔垃圾。

（1）考查推理判断。

根据最后一段中的“Theseartworksareapowerfulreminderofourpersonalroleandglobalresponsibilityinpreservingbiodiversityonlandandinthesea.”可知这些艺术品展示了人们在海洋生物多样性保护中的个人作用。

即：

警醒人民注意海洋中的塑料污染。

故选C。

（2）考查推理判断。

根据第三段中的“Morethan315billionpoundsofplasticlittertheworld'soceans,today.Mostoftheplasticisgarbagefromtownsandcities,aswellastrashthatpeopleleaveonbeaches.”可知海洋中的塑料垃圾主要是由人类活动所产生的垃圾。

故选D。

（3）考查推理判断。

根据第五段中所列的数字信息可以证明：

该项目最近几年在清理海洋垃圾中所做的巨大成绩（已有3800吨垃圾被清理）。

故选C。

（4）考查观点态度。

根据最后一段中的“Theseartworksareapowerfulreminderofourpersonalroleandglobalresponsibilityinpreservingbiodiversityonlandandinthesea.”其中关键信息“powerfulreminder”可知这些艺术品是人们在保护海洋中所起作用的有力证明，故选B。

（5）考查主旨大意。

本文是通过把海洋中的塑料垃圾变成艺术品以唤醒人们的海洋保护意识。

故选A。

【点评】本题考点涉及推理判断，观点态度和主旨大意三个题型的考查，是一篇故事类阅读，要求考生根据上下文的逻辑关系，进行分析，推理，概括和归纳，从而选出正确答案。

2．阅读理解

   Storiesaresharedinmanyways.Theyaredescribedinbooksandmagazines.Theyarereadaroundthecampfireatnight.Theyarerandomlydistributedfromstand-alonebooths.Butwhatelse?

   Torevive（复兴）literatureintheeraoffastnewsandsmartphoneaddiction,ShortEdition,aFrenchpublisherofshort-formliterature,hassetupmorethan30storydispensers（分发机）intheUSAinthepastyearstodeliverfictionatthepushofabuttonatrestaurants,universitiesandgovernmentoffices.

   FrancisFordCoppola,thefilmdirectorandwinemaker,likedtheideasomuchthatheinvestedinthecompanyandplacedadispenserathisCafeZoetropeinSanFrancisco.Lastmonthpubliclibrariesinsomeothercitiesannouncedtheywouldbesettingthemup,too.ThereisoneonthecampusatPennState.AfewcanbefoundindowntownWestPalmBeach,Fla.AndShortEditionplanstoannouncemore,includingattheLosAngelesInternationalAirport.

   "Everythingoldisnewagain,"saidAndrewNurkin,thedirectoroftheFreeLibraryofPhiladelphia,whichisoneofthelibrariesthatsetupthedispensers."Wewantpeopletobeeasilyexposedtoliterature.Wewanttoadvanceliteracyamongchildrenandinspiretheircreativity.

   Here'showadispenserworks:

Ithasthreebuttonsontopindicatingchoicesforstoriesthatcanbereadinoneminute,threeminutesorfiveminutes.Whenabuttonispushed,ashortstoryisprinted.Thestoriesarefree.Theyarechosenfromacomputercategoryofmorethan100,000originalsubmissionsbywriterswhoseworkshavebeenevaluatedbyShortEdition'sjudges,andtransmittedoveramobilenetwork.Offeringscanbetailoredtospecificinterests,likechildren'sfictionorromance.ShortEditiongetsstoriesforitscategorybyholdingwritingcontests.

   ShortEditionsetupitsfirstboothin2016andhas150machinesworldwide."Theideaistomakepeoplehappy,"saidKristanLeroy,directorofShortEdition,"Thereistoomuchunhappinesstoday."

（1）Whatdoweknowaboutthestoriessentbydispensers?

A.Theyareexpensive.

B.Theyareshortinform.

C.Theycanbereadonsmartphones.

D.Theyaremainlytakenfrommagazineliterature.

（2）WherecanyoufindthepopularityofstorydispensersinAmerica?

A.Inparagraph3.

B.Inparagraph4.

C.Inparagraph5.

D.Inparagraph6.

（3）WhichisthemainpurposeofsettingupthedispensersaccordingtoAndrewNurkin?

A.Togetridofpeople'ssmartphoneaddiction.

B.Toreducethefinancialstressoflibraries.

C.Tomakepeoplehaveaccesstoliterature.

D.Toadvertisethenetworkliterature.

（4）Whatisthebesttitleforthetext?

A.OnlineReading:

aVirtualTour

B.ShortEdition,aFrenchPublisher

C.EverythingOldWillBePopularAgain

D.TasteofLiterature,atthePushofaButton

【答案】

（1）B

（2）A

（3）C

（4）D

【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文，人们可以通过多种途径读到小说，例如书籍、杂志等。

为了能够在快新闻时代和智能手机成瘾的时代复兴文学，法国文学出版商ShortEdition过去几年在美国建立了30多个小说分发机，在餐厅，大学和政府办公室只需按一下按钮即可以阅读小说。

这样人们能更容易地接触文学，以此提高孩子们的读写能力并激发他们的创造力。

（1）考查细节理解。

根据第五段中的“whenabuttonispushed,ashortstoryisprinted”可知，按下按钮，就会打印出一篇短篇小说，因此小说在形式上是简短的。

故选B。

（2）考查细节理解。

根据第三段中的“he…placedadispenserathisCafeZoetropeinSanFrancisco.Lastmonthpubliclibrariesinsomeothercitiesannouncedtheywouldbesettingthemup,too.ThereisoneonthecampusatPennState.AfewcanbefoundindowntownWestPalmBeach,Fla.AndShortEditionplanstoannouncemore,includingattheLosAngelesInternationalAirport.”可知，在旧金山的CafeZoetrope有一台小说分发机，其他一些城市的公共图书馆也宣布将安装小说分发机。

宾夕法尼亚州立大学的校园里有一台小说分发机。

在佛罗里达州有一些小说分发机。

在洛杉矶国际机场也将有更多的小说分发机。

因此在第3段中可以看出小说分发机在美国受人欢迎。

故选A。

（3）考查细节理解。

根据第四段中的“Wewantpeopletobeeasilyexposedtoliterature.Wewanttoadvanceliteracyamongchildrenandinspiretheircreativity.”可知，AndrewNurkin说：

“我们希望人们能够很容易地接触到文学。

我们希望提高孩子们的读写能力并激发他们的创造力。

”因此，在AndrewNurkin看来，设置小说分发机的主要目的是使人们有机会接触文学。

故案选C。

（4）考查主旨大意。

根据第一段中的“Storiesaresharedinmanyways.Theyaredescribed…”可知，文章提出的话题是阅读小说；第二段中的“ShortEdition…hassetupmorethan30storydispensersintheUSAinthepastyearstodeliverfictionatthepushofabuttonatrestaurants,universitiesandgovernmentoffices.”可知，法国文学出版商ShortEdition过去几年在美国建立了30多个小说分发机，在餐厅，大学和政府办公室只需按一下按钮即可以阅读小说。

故选D。

【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解和主旨大意两个题型的考查，是一篇科技类阅读，考生需要准确捕捉细节信息，同时根据上下文的逻辑关系，进行概括和归纳，从而选出正确答案。

3．阅读理解

   Americancollegestudentsarebecomingmoreadventuresomeastheystudyabroad,showinglessinterestsinEnglish-speakingdestinationssuchasGreatBritainandAustraliaandmoreinsuchcountriesasChina,India,ArgentinaandBrazil.

   Britainremainedthemostpopularstudydestinationin2005,accordingtoannualfiguresfromtheInstituteofInternationalEducation,followedbyItaly,SpainandFrance.ButthenumberofAmericanstudentsstudyinginBritainandAustraliadescendedalittle,evenasthenumberofAmericanstudentsabroadroseby8%.Thegrowthcameinnon-EnglishspeakingEuropeancountriesandinAsia.ChinaisnowtheeighthmostpopulardestinationforAmericanstudents,attractingnearly6,400in2005,up35%fromthenumberoftheyearbefore.ArgentinaandIndiasawincreasesofmorethan50%.

   AllanGoodman,presidentoftheInstituteofInternationalEducation,saidthatarangeoffactorscontributedtothetrend,fromgrowingawarenessofglobalizationaftertheterroristattacksonSeptember11,2001,toprogramssuchasformerPresidentBush'sNationalSecurityLanguageInitiative,whichtrainssoldiers,intelligenceofficersanddiplomatsinforeignlanguages.“WhatAmericansaredoingiswakingupanddiscoveringthere'saworldoutthere,”hesaid.

   Otherfiguresshowedtheflowofstudentsintheoppositedirection,fromforeigncountriesintoAmericanuniversities.Theinstitutefoundthatinternationalenrollment（入学）inAmericanhighereducationremainedsteadyatabout565,000.Thefiguresareofkeeninteresttouniversities,whichdependonforeignstudentsforteachingandresear