高考英语阅读理解一解题方法和技巧及练习题1.docx

1、高考英语阅读理解一解题方法和技巧及练习题1高考英语阅读理解(一)解题方法和技巧及练习题(1)一、高中英语阅读理解1阅读理解 You can see a sea turtle named Herman, an octopus ( 章鱼) called Octavia, and a seal named Lidia at the Smithsonians National Zoo in Washington, D.C. Rather than real animals, they are actually artworks made out of plastic trash from the oc

2、ean. These artworks are part of a traveling exhibit called Washed Ashore: Art to Save the Sea. The Washed Ashore project, led by the artist called Pozzi, works to raise awareness about plastic pollution in Earths oceans. More than 315 billion pounds of plastic litter the worlds oceans today. Most of

3、 the plastic is garbage from towns and cities, as well as trash that people leave on beaches. Rainwater, winds, and high tides bring the trash into the ocean or into rivers that lead to the ocean. Once it is under the waves, the plastic begins to break up into smaller and smaller pieces. Thousands o

4、f sea animals die each year from eating plastic bags and other things. Each year, millions more pounds of plastic end up in the ocean. A recent study found that if that continues, by 2050 the total weight of plastic will be more than that of all the fish in the ocean. The Washed Ashore project is wo

5、rking to stop that from happening. Since 2010, Washed Ashore volunteers have collected 38,000 pounds of plastic trash from more than 300 miles of beaches. They helped Pozzi create more than 60 artworks of sea creatures harmed by plastic pollution. These artworks are a powerful reminder of our person

6、al role and global responsibility in preserving biodiversity (生物多样性) on land and in the sea, says Dennis Kelly, director of the National Zoo.（1）What is the purpose of the artworks shown at the Smithsonians National Zoo? A.To let people know about animals in the ocean.B.To introduce one way of recycl

7、ing plastic trash.C.To warn people of plastic pollution in the ocean.D.To show Pozzis great gift for creating artworks.（2）According to the passage, what is the source of plastic pollution in the ocean? A.Garbage from towns and cities.B.Trash left on beaches by people.C.Plastic bags broken up by wave

8、s.D.Litter created by human activities.（3）The data in Paragraph 5 is given to prove that . A.plastic pollution will be more serious in the oceanB.more and more artworks of sea creatures will be madeC.the Washed Ashore project has made great achievementsD.volunteers can solve the ocean pollution succ

9、essfully by 2050（4）Whats Dennis Kellys attitude towards the artworks? A.Worried.B.Supportive.C.Doubtful.D.Unconcerned.（5）What would be the best title for the text? A.Turning Trash into ArtB.Working for Washed AshoreC.Collecting Plastic TrashD.Stopping Environmental Pollution【答案】（1）C（2）D（3）C（4）B（5）A

10、【解析】【分析】本文是一篇记叙文，Pozzi用垃圾雕塑了海洋动物，来提醒全球的人们去保护海洋，禁止人们朝海洋扔垃圾。（1）考查推理判断。根据最后一段中的“ These artworks are a powerful reminder of our personal role and global responsibility in preserving biodiversity on land and in the sea.”可知这些艺术品展示了人们在海洋生物多样性保护中的个人作用。即：警醒人民注意海洋中的塑料污染。故选C。（2）考查推理判断。根据第三段中的“ More than 315bil

11、lion pounds of plastic litter the worlds oceans,today. Most of the plastic is garbage from towns and cities, as well as trash that people leave on beaches.”可知海洋中的塑料垃圾主要是由人类活动所产生的垃圾。故选D。（3）考查推理判断。根据第五段中所列的数字信息可以证明：该项目最近几年在清理海洋垃圾中所做的巨大成绩（已有3800吨垃圾被清理）。故选C。（4）考查观点态度。根据最后一段中的 “These artworks are a power

12、ful reminder of our personal role and global responsibility in preserving biodiversity on land and in the sea.”其中关键信息 “powerful reminder”可知这些艺术品是人们在保护海洋中所起作用的有力证明，故选B。（5）考查主旨大意。本文是通过把海洋中的塑料垃圾变成艺术品以唤醒人们的海洋保护意识。故选A。【点评】本题考点涉及推理判断，观点态度和主旨大意三个题型的考查，是一篇故事类阅读，要求考生根据上下文的逻辑关系，进行分析，推理，概括和归纳，从而选出正确答案。2阅读理解 St

13、ories are shared in many ways. They are described in books and magazines. They are read around the campfire at night. They are randomly distributed from stand-alone booths. But what else? To revive (复兴)literature in the era of fast news and smartphone addiction, Short Edition, a French publisher of

14、short-form literature, has set up more than 30 story dispensers (分发机)in the USA in the past years to deliver fiction at the push of a button at restaurants, universities and government offices. Francis Ford Coppola, the film director and winemaker, liked the idea so much that he invested in the comp

15、any and placed a dispenser at his Cafe Zoetrope in San Francisco. Last month public libraries in some other cities announced they would be setting them up, too. There is one on the campus at Penn State. A few can be found in downtown West Palm Beach, Fla. And Short Edition plans to announce more, in

16、cluding at the Los Angeles International Airport. Everything old is new again, said Andrew Nurkin, the director of the Free Library of Philadelphia, which is one of the libraries that set up the dispensers. We want people to be easily exposed to literature. We want to advance literacy among children

17、 and inspire their creativity. Heres how a dispenser works: It has three buttons on top indicating choices for stories that can be read in one minute, three minutes or five minutes. When a button is pushed, a short story is printed. The stories are free. They are chosen from a computer category of m

18、ore than 100,000 original submissions by writers whose works have been evaluated by Short Editions judges, and transmitted over a mobile network. Offerings can be tailored to specific interests, like childrens fiction or romance. Short Edition gets stories for its category by holding writing contest

19、s. Short Edition set up its first booth in 2016 and has 150 machines worldwide. The idea is to make people happy, said Kristan Leroy, director of Short Edition, There is too much unhappiness today.（1）What do we know about the stories sent by dispensers? A.They are expensive.B.They are short in form.

20、C.They can be read on smartphones.D.They are mainly taken from magazine literature.（2）Where can you find the popularity of story dispensers in America? A.In paragraph 3.B.In paragraph 4.C.In paragraph 5.D.In paragraph 6.（3）Which is the main purpose of setting up the dispensers according to Andrew Nu

21、rkin? A.To get rid of peoples smartphone addiction.B.To reduce the financial stress of libraries.C.To make people have access to literature.D.To advertise the network literature.（4）What is the best title for the text? A.Online Reading: a Virtual TourB.Short Edition, a French PublisherC.Everything Ol

22、d Will Be Popular AgainD.Taste of Literature, at the Push of a Button【答案】 （1）B（2）A（3）C（4）D 【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文，人们可以通过多种途径读到小说，例如书籍、杂志等。为了能够在快新闻时代和智能手机成瘾的时代复兴文学，法国文学出版商Short Edition过去几年在美国建立了30多个小说分发机，在餐厅，大学和政府办公室只需按一下按钮即可以阅读小说。这样人们能更容易地接触文学，以此提高孩子们的读写能力并激发他们的创造力。 （1）考查细节理解。根据第五段中的“when a button is push

23、ed, a short story is printed”可知，按下按钮，就会打印出一篇短篇小说，因此小说在形式上是简短的。故选B。 （2）考查细节理解。根据第三段中的“he placed a dispenser at his Cafe Zoetrope in San Francisco. Last month public libraries in some other cities announced they would be setting them up, too. There is one on the campus at Penn State. A few can be foun

24、d in downtown West Palm Beach, Fla. And Short Edition plans to announce more, including at the Los Angeles International Airport.”可知，在旧金山的Cafe Zoetrope有一台小说分发机，其他一些城市的公共图书馆也宣布将安装小说分发机。宾夕法尼亚州立大学的校园里有一台小说分发机。在佛罗里达州有一些小说分发机。在洛杉矶国际机场也将有更多的小说分发机。因此在第3段中可以看出小说分发机在美国受人欢迎。故选A。 （3）考查细节理解。根据第四段中的“We want peop

25、le to be easily exposed to literature. We want to advance literacy among children and inspire their creativity.”可知，Andrew Nurkin说：“我们希望人们能够很容易地接触到文学。我们希望提高孩子们的读写能力并激发他们的创造力。”因此，在Andrew Nurkin看来，设置小说分发机的主要目的是使人们有机会接触文学。故案选C。 （4）考查主旨大意。根据第一段中的“Stories are shared in many ways. They are described”可知，文章提

26、出的话题是阅读小说；第二段中的“Short Edition has set up more than 30 story dispensers in the USA in the past years to deliver fiction at the push of a button at restaurants, universities and government offices.”可知，法国文学出版商Short Edition过去几年在美国建立了30多个小说分发机，在餐厅，大学和政府办公室只需按一下按钮即可以阅读小说。故选D。 【点评】本题考点涉及细节理解和主旨大意两个题型的考查，是一

27、篇科技类阅读，考生需要准确捕捉细节信息，同时根据上下文的逻辑关系，进行概括和归纳，从而选出正确答案。3阅读理解 American college students are becoming more adventuresome as they study abroad, showing less interests in English-speaking destinations such as Great Britain and Australia and more in such countries as China, India, Argentina and Brazil. Britai

28、n remained the most popular study destination in 2005, according to annual figures from the Institute of International Education, followed by Italy, Spain and France. But the number of American students studying in Britain and Australia descended a little, even as the number of American students abr

29、oad rose by 8%. The growth came in non-English speaking European countries and in Asia. China is now the eighth most popular destination for American students, attracting nearly 6,400 in 2005, up 35% from the number of the year before. Argentina and India saw increases of more than 50%. Allan Goodma

30、n, president of the Institute of International Education, said that a range of factors contributed to the trend, from growing awareness of globalization after the terrorist attacks on September 11, 2001, to programs such as former President Bushs National Security Language Initiative, which trains s

31、oldiers, intelligence officers and diplomats in foreign languages. “What Americans are doing is waking up and discovering theres a world out there,” he said. Other figures showed the flow of students in the opposite direction, from foreign countries into American universities. The institute found that international enrollment (入学) in American higher education remained steady at about 565,000. The figures are of keen interest to universities, which depend on foreign students for teaching and resear