初中主材料.docx

初中主材料.docx

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初中主材料

北京西城区“新国人杯”英语综合素质

风采大赛

复赛

饲养宠物——快乐还是烦恼

综合信息参考资料

‘KeepingPets’

Joyfulvs.Troublesome

GENERALREFERENCES

PREKNOWLEDGE

Thefirstevidenceforhumanbeingslivingwithanimalsisfrom12000yearsago.Remainsfoundinearlyhumansitesshowthatmenhadalreadydomesticatedwolvesandcreateddogs.Thismayhavebeentohelpthemhunt,buttheymusthavequicklycometoenjoytheircompanyandaffection.Dogsappeartohavebeenwithearlyhumansinmanydifferentpartsoftheworld.ItwastheAncientEgyptianswhofirstbredwildcats5000yearsagotoproducethedomesticcatsweknowtoday.Otherpeoplearoundtheworldseemtohavetamedmanysortsofanimalsascompanionsandpets,fromgoldfishandbirdstomonkeysandreptiles.Itseemsaverycommonhumanqualitytoenjoythecompanyoftameanimals.

Todaypets（alsocalledcompanionanimals）areverycommoninmanycountries,especiallyricherwesternnationswherepeoplehavethetimeandmoneytolookafterthem.Forexample,oneineverytwofamiliesintheUnitedKingdomownsadogoracat.Butisthisright?

Isitgoodforpeople,fortheanimals,andforoursocietytokeepanimalsaspets?

ReadAbout:

ReadingSource1

Alife-longFaithfulCompanionofHumanBeings

Petsareourfamilymembers.Theyneedasmuchcareasforahumanbeing.Asurveyshowsthatmostofthepeoplewhokeeppetslovethemmorethananything.Inthestateofloneliness,veryoftenthepetistheonlypartnertoshareone'sgrief.Apetisacreaturethatiskeptinpossessionbyhumansforcompanyanddelight,asdifferingtolivestockthatarekeptforfinancialfeedback.Themostpopularpetsareadoredfortheirfaithfulorcheerfulfeaturesortheirappealinglookorsong.

Nowandthenpeoplecarefortheirchildrenortheirpetslikehumans,generallywhenthepeopledonothavechildrenortheirkidsmatured.Theoreticallyonecouldkeepanyanimalasapet,inrealityalittlenumberofspeciesofmammal,mainlydogsandcats,andotheranimalssuchasbirdshaveconqueredthepetsceneforaverylongtime.Fishhasbeenlabeledmorerecently.Fewreptilesandamphibiansaregoodpetswiththeexceptionoftortoises,iguanasandnon-venomoussnakes.

Petscanprovidetheirownerswithmanyhealthbenefits.Thesupervisionofpetshasbeenproventohelptakeawaystress.Walkingwithadogcanalsoprovideitsownerwithexercise,freshair,andthechanceforsocialcommunication.

Apetcanbecollectedfromapetstore,ananimalshelter,apetbreeder,andsometimesfrompeoplewhohaveexcessiveamountduetobirths.

Theword"pet"mayalsobeappliedtohumans,normallyinanappealingwaybyaloverorpartner.Callinganotherpersonapet,however,caneasilyberegardedasaninsult.

ReadingSource2

KeepingPetsIsCostlyandaRisktoHumanHealth

Keepingpetsisabaduseofresources.Petsarecostlytokeepintime,moneyandenergy.Aswellasthecosttoownersinfood,vet'sbillsanbelongandthetimespentcleaningandexercising,thecosttosocietyisveryhigh.Dog'smessmakesmanystreetsandparkshorribletowalkin.Straydogsandcatsbreadoutofcontrolandhavetobedealtwithbythestate.Bites,scratchesandillnessesgivenbyanimalstakeuphospitaltimeandmoney.Andtheplanetasawholecan'tcopewithallthefoodandenergygiventojustafewpetspecies.

Animalsdon'treallybelonginahumanhome.Wecan'tproperlymeettheirneedsintermsofexercise,dietandenvironment,soitiscrueltokeepthemaspets.Forexample,dogsarepackanimalsthatneedcompanionship,buttheyareoftenkeptsinglyandleftduringtheday.Birdsflocktogetherandneedtoflyfree----impossibleintheprisonofacage.Burrowing,climbing,swimmingorverymobileanimalsareforcedtoliveunnaturallivesinsmallspaces.

Keepingpetsisarisktohumanhealth.Manyanimalscanpassdiseasesontopeople（suchanillnessiscalledzoonosis）.ExamplesincludeSalmonellafromhandlingreptilesandamphibiansandbirdflufrommanybirds.Pregnantwomenrisktheirbabiesbyhandlingcatlitter.Andmanypeopleareallergictopethairorfeathers.Eachyearpeoplearekilledorhurtbypets---andnotjusttheirowners,childrenandneighborsareattackedtoo.Evensomebreedsofdogs,suchaspitbulls,canbeveryaggressiveandgoforhumans.

ReadingSource3

PetsAreaGoodMedicinetoHumanHealth

Manyofusenjoythecompanionshipofpets.Animalsdon'taskformuch---justashortlistofbasicssuchasfood,shelter,veterinarycare,and,ofcourse,ourcompanionship.Petsofferfarmoreinreturn,teachingusaboutlove,improvingouremotionalandphysicalhealth,andprovidinguswithunconditionalaffectionandfriendship.

Companionanimalsarenaturalteachers.Theyhelppeopleofallageslearnaboutresponsibility,loyalty,empathy,sharing,andunc