山东大学考博英语完形填空与阅读理解.docx

山东大学考博英语完形填空与阅读理解.docx

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山东大学考博英语完形填空与阅读理解

2016年山东大学考博英语完形填空与阅读理解

完形填空（2003年1月六级真题）

Directions:

 Thereare20blanksinthefollowingpassage.ForeachblanktherearefourchoicesmarkedA）,B）,C）andD）ontherightsideofthepaper.YoushouldchoosetheONEthatbestfitsintothepassage.ThenmarkthecorrespondingletterontheAnswerSheetwithasinglelinethroughthecentre.

Whenwomendobecomemanagers,dotheyringadifferentstyleanddifferentskillstothejob?

Aretheybetter,orworse,managersthanmen?

Arewomenmorehighlymotivatedand__71__thanmalemanagers?

Someresearch__72__theideathatwomenbringdifferentattitudesandskillstomanagementjobs,suchasgreater__73__,anemphasisonaffiliationandattachment,anda__74__tobringemotionalfactorstobear__75__makingworkplacedecisions.Thesedifferencesare__76_tocarryadvantagesforcompanies,__77__theyexpandtherangeoftechniquesthatcanbeusedto__78__thecompanymanageitsworkforce__79__.

AstudycommissionedbytheInternationalWomen’sForum__80__amanagementstyleusedbysomewomenmanagers（andalsobysomemen）that__81__fromthecommand-and-controlstyle__82__usedbymalemanagers.Usingthis“interactiveleadership”approach,“women__83__participation,sharepowerandinformation,__84__otherpeople’sself-worth,andgetothersexcitedabouttheirwork.Allthese__85__reflecttheirbeliefthatallowing__86__tocontributeandtofeel__87__andimportantisawin-win__88__—goodfortheemployeesandtheorganization.”Thestudy’sdirector__89__that“interactiveleadershipmayemerge__90__themanagementstyleofchoiceformanyorganizations.”

71.A）confrontedB）commandedC）confinedD）committed

72.A）supportsB）arguesC）opposesD）despises

73.A）combinationB）cooperativenessC）coherenceD）correlation

74.A）willingnessB）loyaltyC）sensitivityD）virtue

75.A）byB）inC）atD）with

76.A）disclosedB）watchedC）revisedD）seen

77.A）thereforeB）whereasC）becauseD）nonetheless

78.A）helpB）enableC）supportD）direct

79.A）evidentlyB）preciselyC）aggressivelyD）effectively

80.A）developedB）inventedC）discoveredD）located

81.A）derivesB）differsC）descendsD）detaches

82.A）inherentlyB）traditionallyC）conditionallyD）occasionally

83.A）encourageB）dismissC）disapproveD）engage

84.A）enhanceB）enlargeC）ignoreD）degrade

85.A）themesB）subjectsC）researchesD）things

86.A）managersB）womenC）employeesD）males

87.A）faithfulB）powerfulC）skillfulD）thoughtful

88.A）situationB）statusC）circumstanceD）position

89.A） predictedB）proclaimedC）defiedD）diagnosed

90.A）intoB）fromC）asD）for

参考答案：

71.D72.A73.B74.A75.B76.D77.C78.A79.D80.C

81.B82.B83.A84.A85.D86.C87.B88.A89.A90.C

阅读理解

第一篇（95年六级）

Therelationshipbetweenthehomeand marketeconomieshasgonethroughtwodistinctstages.Earlyindustrializationbegantheprocessoftransferringsomeproductionprocesses（e.g.clothmaking,sewingandcanningfoods）fromthehometothe marketplace.Althoughthehome economy couldstillproducethesegoods,theprocesseswere laborious （费力的）andthemarket economy wasusuallymoreefficient.Soon,themoreimportantsecondstagewasevident — themarketplacebeganproducinggoodsandservicesthathadneverbeenproducedbythehome economy,andthehome economy wasunabletoproducethem（e.g.electricityandelectricalappliances,theautomobile,advancededucation,sophisticatedmedicalcare）.Inthesecondstage,thequestionofwhetherthehomeeconomy waslessefficientinproducingthesenewgoodsandserviceswasirrelevant;ifthefamilyweretoenjoythesefruitsofindustrialization,theywouldhavetobeobtainedinthe marketplace.Thetraditionalwaysoftakingcareoftheseneedsinthehome,suchasinnursingthesick,became sociallyunacceptable（and,inmostseriouscases,probablyless successful）.Justastheappearanceoftheautomobilemadetheuseofthehorse-drawncarriageillegalandthenimpractical,andtheappearanceoftelevisionchangedtheradiofromasource ofentertainmenttoa source ofbackgroundmusic,somostofthefruitsofeconomicgrowthdidnotincreasetheoptionsavailabletothehome economy toeitherproducethegoodsorservicesorpurchasetheminthe market.Growthbroughtwithitincreasedvarietyin consumer goods,butnotincreasedflexibilityforthehome economy inobtainingthesegoodsandservices.Instead,economicgrowthbroughtwithitincreasedconsumer relianceonthe marketplace.Inordertoconsumethesenewgoodsandservices,thefamilyhadtoenterthe marketplaceaswageearnersand consumers.The neoclassical（新古典主义的）modelthatviewsthefamilyasdecidingwhethertoproducegoodsandservicesdirectlyortopurchasetheminthe marketplaceisbasicallyamodelofthefirststage.Itcannotaccuratelybeappliedtothesecond（andcurrent）stage.

36.Thereasonwhymanyproductionprocessesweretakenoverbythe marketplacewasthat        .

A）itwasanecessarystepintheprocessofindustrialization

B）theydependedonelectricityavailableonlytothe market economy

C）itwastroublesometoproducesuchgoodsinthehome

D）the marketplacewasmoreefficientwithrespecttoprocesses

37.Itcanbeseenfromthepassagethatinthesecondstage         .

A）sometraditionalgoodsandserviceswerenot successfulwhenprovidedbythehome economy

B）the market economy providednewgoodsandservicesneverproducedbythehome economy

C）producingtraditionalgoodsathomebecame sociallyunacceptable

D）whethernewgoodsandserviceswereproducedbythehome economy becameirrelevant

38.Duringthesecondstage,ifthefamilywantedtoconsumenewgoodsandservices,theyhadtoenterthemarketplace        .

A）aswageearners                              C）bothasworkersandpurchasers

B）bothasmanufacturersand consumers                D）ascustomers

39.Economicgrowthdidnotmakeitmoreflexibleforthehome economy toobtainthenewgoodsandservicesbecause         .

A）thefamilywasnotefficientinproduction

B）itwasillegalforthehome economy toproducethem

C）itcouldnot supply thembyitself

D）the market forthesegoodsandserviceswaslimited

40.Theneoclassicalmodelisbasicallyamodelofthefirststage,becauseatthisstage         .

A）thefamilycouldrelyeitheronthehome economy oronthe marketplacefortheneededgoodsandservices

B）manyproductionprocesseswerebeingtransferredtothe marketplace

C） consumersreliedmoreandmoreonthe market economy

D）thefamilycoulddecidehowtotransferproductionprocessestothe marketplace

参考答案：

 36.D37.B38.C39.C40.A

第二篇（93年1月六级）

Recentstoriesinthenewspapersandmagazinessuggestthatteachingandresearchcontradicteachother,thatresearchplaystooprominentapartinacademicpromotions,andthatteachingisbadlyunderemphasized.Thereisanelementoftruthinthesestatements,buttheyalsoignoredeeperandmoreimportantrelationships.

Researchexperienceisanessentialelementofhiringandpromotionataresearchuniversitybecauseitistheemphasisonresearchthatdistinguishessuchauniversityfromanartscollege.Someprofessors,however,neglectteachingforresearchandthatpresentsaproblem.

Mostresearchuniversitiesrewardoutstandingteaching,butthegreatestrecognitionisusuallygivenforachievementsinresearch.Partofthereasonisthedifficultyofjudgingteaching.Ahighlyresponsibleandtoughprofessorisusuallyappreciatedbytopstudentswhowanttobechallenged,butdislikedbythosewhoserecordsarelessimpressive.Themildprofessorgetsoverallratingsthatareusuallyhigh,butthereisasenseofdisappointmentinthepartofthebeststudents,exactlythoseforwhomthesystemshouldpresentthegreatestchallenges.Thus,auniversitytryingtopromoteprofessorsprimarilyontheteachingqualitieswouldhavetoconfrontthisconfusion.

Asmodernsciencemovesfaster,twoforcesareexertedonprofessor:

oneisthetimeneededtokeeponwiththeprofession;theotheristhetimeneededtoteach.Thetrainingofnewscientistsrequiresoutstandingteachingattheresearchuniversityaswellastheartscollege.Althoughscientistsareusually“made”intheelementaryschools,scientistscanbe“lost”bypoorteachingatthecollegeandgraduateschoollevels.Thesolutionisnottoseparateteachingandresearch,buttorecognizethatthecombinationisdifficultbutvital.Thetitleofprofessorshouldbegivenonlytothosewhoprofess,anditisperhapstimeforuniversitiestoreserveitforthosewillingtobeanearnestpartofthecommunityofscholars.Professorunwillingtoteachcanbecalled“distinguishedresearchinvestigators”orsomethingelse.

Thepaceofmodernsciencemakesitincreasinglydifficulttobeagreatresearcherandagreatteacher.Yetmanyaredescribedinjustthoseterms.Thosewhosaywecanseparateteachingandresearchsimplydonotunderstandthesystembutthosewhosaytheproblemwilldisappeararenotfulfillingtheirresponsibilities.

31.Whatideadoestheauthorwanttoconveyinthefirstparagraph?

A）Itiswrongtooverestimatetheimportanceofteaching.

B）Teachingandresearcharecontradictorytoeachother.

C）Researchcanneverbeemphasizedtoomuch.

D）Therelationshipbetweenteachingandresearchshouldnotbesimplified.

32.Inacademicpromotionsresearchuniversitiesstillattachmoreimportancetoresearchpartlybecause________.A）researchimprovesthequalityofteaching

B）studentswhowanttobechallengedappreciateresearchprofessors

C）itisdifficulttoevaluateteachingqualityobjectively

D）professorwithachievementsinre