人邮计算机英语第三版课后习题答案.docx
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人邮计算机英语第三版课后习题答案
(PDP),anorganiclightemittingdisplay(OLED),andafieldemissiondisplay(FED),etc.
(4)Aprinterisanimageformationdevicewhichreceivesdatafromahostcomputerandthenformsacorrespondingimageontoarecordablemediumsuchasasheetofpaper.
(5)Dot-impactprinter,inkjetprinter,laserprinter,andthermalprinterthemostpopularprinters.
(6)Inkjetprintinghasgainedwideacceptancebyconsumersintheprintingindustrybecauseitisfastinprintingspeedandisarelativelyinexpensiveformofprintingandyetitproduceshighresolutionprintedimages.
(7)Thelaserprinterhasadvantageousoperatingcharacteristicsoflownoise,highspeedandhighresolution.
(8)Asoundcardoftenincludesapowerfulnumericprocessor,suchasadigitalsignalprocessor(DSP),whichcanperformfrequencymodulationsynthesisforthevariousfunctionsofthesoundboard.
(9)Intypicalnetworks,computersystemsuseNICstoenablethemtocommunicateovernetworkswithothercomputersystems.
(10)Anetworkinterfacecardtypicallyprovidesaphysicalconnectionbetweenahostandanetworkornetworks,aswellasprovidingmediaaccesscontrol(MAC)functionsthatallowthehosttoaccessthenetworkornetworks.
〖Ex.2〗根据下面的英文解释,写出相应的英文词汇
(1)screen
(2)monitor(3)pixel(4)cathode(5)faceplate
(6)voltage(7)reciprocate(8)continuous(9)resolution
(10)character
〖Ex.3〗把下列句子翻译为中文
(1)操作系统是管理计算机资源的程序。
(2)典型的计算机数据库包括数据记录和文件的集合。
(3)压缩过的文件通常要使用像PKZip或WinZip这样的实用工具软件解压。
(4)只通过行号和列标(如“A1”)来调用单元格称作相对引用。
(5)软盘不能保存太多的数据,但绝大多数计算机都能够读取它们的信息。
(6)万维网涉及因特网上所有可以公共访问的文档。
(7)数据库管理系统允许用户对安全性和数据完整性请求进行控制。
(8)要执行数学运算,函数比公式更有效。
(9)在更大的网络中,从一个交换点到另一个交换点的旅行被称为“中继”。
(10)统一资源定位符基本上就是赋给浏览器的一个文件的地址。
〖Ex.5〗将下列词填入适当的位置(每词只用一次)
(1)laser
(2)mix(3)layers(4)heat(5)cooled
(6)become(7)controlling(8)reflect(9)absorb
(10)digital(11)results(12)reformed
〖Ex.6〗根据课文内容填空
(1)five,amajortechnologicaldevelopment
(2)vacuumtubes,magneticdrums,veryexpensive,heat
(3)machinelanguage,one
(4)UNIVAC,ENIACcomputers
(5)transistors,punchedcards,printouts
(6)symbolic,orassembly,languages,tospecifyinstructionsinwords,COBOL,FORTRAN
(7)theintegratedcircuit,amassaudience,smallerandcheaper
(8)Themicroprocessor,asinglesiliconchip
(9)IBM,1984
(10)artificialintelligence
(11)Quantumcomputation,nanotechnology
(12)naturallanguageinput,learningandself-organization
Unit3〖Ex.1〗根据课文内容回答问题
(1)Computersoftwareconsistsofprograms.Itenablesacomputertoperformspecifictasks.Thetermincludesapplicationsoftware,systemsoftwareandmiddleware.
(2)Amachinelanguageconsistsofgroupsofbinaryvaluessignifyingprocessorinstructions(objectcodes),whichchangethestateofthecomputerfromitsprecedingstate.
(3)Systemsoftwarehelpsrunthecomputerhardwareandcomputersystem.Itincludesoperatingsystems,devicedrivers,diagnostictools,servers,windowingsystems,utilitiesandmore.
(4)Programmingsoftwareusuallyprovidestoolstoassistaprogrammerinwritingcomputerprogramsandsoftwareusingdifferentprogramminglanguagesinamoreconvenientway.Thetoolsincludetexteditors,compilers,interpreters,linkers,debuggers,andsoon.
(5)Applicationsoftwareallowsenduserstoaccomplishoneormorespecific(non-computerrelated)tasks.Typicalapplicationsincludeindustrialautomation,businesssoftware,educationalsoftware,medicalsoftware,databases,andcomputergames.
(6)Theyareplatformsoftware,applicationsoftwareandusersoftware.
(7)Platformsoftwareincludesthefirmware,devicedrivers,anoperatingsystem,andtypicallyagraphicaluserinterface.
(8)TypicalexamplesofapplicationsoftwareareOfficesuitesandvideogames.
(9)Usersoftwareincludesspreadsheettemplates,wordprocessormacros,scientificsimulations,andscriptsforgraphicsandanimations.
(10)Instructionsmaybeperformedsequentially,conditionally,oriteratively.Sequentialinstructionsarethoseoperationsthatareperformedoneafteranother.Conditionalinstructionsareperformedsuchthatdifferentsetsofinstructionsexecutedependingonthevalue(s)ofsomedata.Insomelanguagesthisisknownasan"if"statement.Iterativeinstructionsareperformedrepetitivelyandmaydependonsomedatavalue.Thisissometimescalleda"loop".
〖Ex.2〗根据下面的英文解释,写出相应的英文词汇
(1)load
(2)compile(3)value(4)instruction(5)interpret
(6)alphabet(7)assembler(8)utility
(9)communication(10)programmer
〖Ex.3〗把下列句子翻译为中文
(1)机器语言由一些能被特殊处理器所理解的未加工的数字组成。
(2)任何一个特别病毒的实际效果取决于编写该病毒的程序员是如何编程的。
(3)几个月不升级的抗病毒软件面对当前的病毒不能提供什么保护。
(4)一般地说,内存以千字节或兆字节来度量,磁盘空间以兆字节或吉字节来度量。
(5)超文本传输协议是浏览器自己的协议,一般用于传递HTML格式的文件。
(6)局域网是一个由相互接近的、特别是在一个房间内或一个建筑内的计算机连接起来的网络。
(7)对于移动用户来说,防火墙允许通过使用安全登录规程和鉴定证书来远程访问私有网络。
(8)从因特网用户的观点看,下载文件是从另一个计算机(或从另一个计算机的网页)上请求它并接收它。
(9)在1957年苏联发射了人造地球卫星之后,美国军事部门开始建立高级研究计划署(ARPA)以资助一些有时与军事含糊地相关的研究。
(10)通常一个芯片组被集成在一个芯片上。
〖Ex.5〗将下列词填入适当的位置(每词只用一次)
(1)related
(2)customers(3)fields(4)information(5)accessible
(6)emphasis(7)mainframe(8)implies(9)method(10)directory
Unit4〖Ex.1〗根据课文内容回答问题
(1)Anoperatingsystemisthecoresoftwarecomponentofyourcomputer.Itperformsmanyfunctionsandis,inverybasicterms,aninterfacebetweenyourcomputerandtheoutsideworld.
(2)Ittranslatescommandsfromtheoperatingsystemoruserintocommandsunderstoodbythecomponentpartitinterfaceswith.Italsotranslatesresponsesfromthecomponentpartbacktoresponsesthatcanbeunderstoodbytheoperatingsystem,applicationprogram,oruser.
(3)Systemtools(programs)areusedtomonitorcomputerperformance,debugproblems,ormaintainpartsofthesystem.
(4)Becauseoperatingsystemsarewrittenbyhumanprogrammerswhocanmakemistakes.
(5)Errorsinoperatingsystemscausethreemaintypesofproblemsaresystemcrashesandinstabilities,securityflawsandmalfunctions.
(6)Asystemcrashistheactofasystemfreezingandbecomingunresponsivewhichwouldcausetheusertoneedtoreboot.
(7)Unauthorizedintrudersmaytrytousethesetogainillegalaccesstoyoursystem.Youshouldpatchtheseflawsoftentohelpkeepyourcomputersystemsecure.
(8)Therearemanytypesofoperatingsystems.ThemostcommonistheMicrosoftsuiteofoperatingsystems.
(9)Time-sharingsystemscanbeclassifiedasmulti-usersystemsandsingle-useroperatingsystems.Multi-usercomputeroperatingsystemsallowmultipleuserstoaccessacomputersystemsimultaneouslywhilesingle-useroperatingsystemsareusablebyonlyoneuseratatime.
(10)Embeddedoperatingsystemsaretheoperatingsystemsdesignedforbeingusedinembeddedcomputersystems.TheyaredesignedtooperateonsmallmachineslikePDAswithlessautonomy.
〖Ex.2〗根据下面的英文解释,写出相应的英文词汇
(1)install
(2)command(3)translate(4)mistake(5)release
(6)control(7)crash(8)instability(9)reboot(10)workstation
〖Ex.3〗把下列句子翻译为中文
(1)它把操作系统装入内存并启动操作系统。
(2)在计算机上,有两种基本项目需要组织。
(3)字体可以用于计算机屏幕显示和打印机的硬拷贝输出。
(4)光纤是一个可以传输光束的玻璃细丝。
(5)当你在键盘上输入时,这些字符和数字就出现在监视器上。
(6)内联网是私有网络。
许多内联网分散在世界各地。
(7)在计算机屏幕上,文件夹通常看上去像黄色或蓝色的纸文件夹。
(8)一旦完成源内容的编码,制作流媒体的过程就完成了。
(9)从语法结构上说,一个域名包括用圆点隔开一系列名称(标志)。
(10)你在显示器上看到的视频质量取决于视频卡和你所选择的显示器。
〖Ex.5〗将下列词填入适当的位置(每词只用一次)
(1)loaded
(2)boot(3)applications(4)use(5)requests
(6)defined(7)interact(8)through(9)command(10)graphical
〖Ex.6〗根据课文内容填空
(1)letanumberofprogrammersaccessthecomputeratthesametime
(2)Thisreal-timesharingofresources
(3)medium-sizedminicomputers
(4)multitaskingcapability,multiusercapability,portability,UNIXprograms,libraryofapplicationsoftware
(5)printingoutonefile,theusereditsanotherfile
(6)compartmentalizingthedocument,don'toverridethechangesofanotheruser
(7)permitsittomovefromonebrandofcomputertoanother
(8)integralutilities,tools
(9)thekernel,whichschedulestasksandmanagesstorage,theshell,whichconnectsandinterpretsusers'commands,callsprogramsfrommemory,andexecutesthem,thetoolsandapplicationsthatofferadditionalfunctionalitytotheoperatingsystem
(10)thecommanddrivenBourneShell,theCShell(nopunintended),menu-drivenshells
Unit5〖Ex.1〗根据课文内容回答问题
(1)Adatastructureisaspecializedformatfororganizingandstoringdata.Generaldatastructuretypesincludethearray,thefile,therecord,thetable,thetree,andsoon.
(2)Incomputerprogramminglanguages,anarrayisagroupofobjectswiththesameattributesthatcanbeaddressedindividually,usingsuchtechniquesassubscripting.
(3)Yes,itmust.
(4)Someoperatingsystemsandapplicationsdescribefileswithgivenformatsbygivingthemaparticularfilenamesuffix.
(5)Theorganizationofdataintherecordisusuallyprescribedbytheprogramminglanguagethatdefinestherecord'sorganizationand/orbytheapplicationthatprocessesit.
(6)Incomputerprogramming,atableisadatastructureusedtoorganizeinformation,justasitisonpaper.
(7)Indataprocessing,atable,alsocalledanarray,isanorganizedgroupingoffields.Tablesmaystorerelativelypermanentdata,ormaybefrequentlyupdated.
(8)Inarelationaldatabase,atable,sometimescalledafile,organizestheinformationaboutasingletopicintorowsandcolumns.
(9)Adecisiontableisoftencalledatruthtable.Itcontainsalistofdecisionsandthecriteriaonwhichtheyarebased.
(10)AnHTMLtableisusedtoorganizeWebpageelementsspatiallyortocreateastructurefordatathatisbestdisplayedintabularform,suchaslistsorspecifications.
〖Ex.2〗根据下面的英文解释,写出相应的英文词汇
(1)interrupt
(2)record(3)table(4)list(5)subscript
(6)suffix(7)define(8)row(9)sector(10)sort
〖Ex.3〗把下列句子翻译为