专题53 GrammarWriting高一英语人教版必修2.docx
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专题53GrammarWriting高一英语人教版必修2
Unit5Music
Grammar:
"介词+关系代词"引导定语从句
当关系代词在定语从句中作介词宾语时,我们通常用"介词+关系代词"引导定语从句。
如果指"人",用"介词+whom";如果指"物",用"介词+which"。
who和that不能用于此结构。
学习时应注意以下几点:
一、介词的选用
"介词+关系代词"中的介词主要有以下三种确定方法:
1.根据定语从句中的谓语动词或形容词的搭配选用介词。
☛ThefellowtowhomIspokemadenoansweratfirst.和我说话的那个人起先没有回答。
(speakto)
2.根据先行词确定介词。
☛Inhisroom,wesawabigtableonwhichtherewereallkindsofbooks.在他的房间里,我们看见一张上面放着各种书的大桌子。
(onthetable)
3.根据定语从句所表达的意义来确定介词。
☛Air,withoutwhichmancan’tlive,isreallyimportant.空气确实太重要了,没有它人类就不能生存。
☛Thisbookhasopenedawindow,throughwhichwecanseeawonderfulworld.这本书打开了一扇窗,通过这扇窗我们能够看到一个精彩的世界。
【名师点津】
当先行词是way且于从句中作状语的时候,我们可以使用inwhich或that引导定语从句。
在这种情况下,inwhich或that也可以省略。
☛Ididnotliketheway(inwhich/that)shetalkedtome.我不喜欢她和我说话的方式。
二、"介词+关系代词"的替换
1.当先行词为表示时间、地点的名词或名词短语及名词reason时,介词in,on,at,for等与关系代词which一起引导定语从句时,可用相应的关系副词when,where,why等替换。
☛AmericaisthecountryinwhichGeorgeWashingtonwasborn.乔治•华盛顿出生在美国。
(可用where替换inwhich)
☛Thereasonforwhichherefusedtogotothepartywasthattheyhadnotinvitedhim.他拒绝赴宴的原因是他们没邀请他。
(可用why替换forwhich)
2."the+名词+of+关系代词"引导定语从句时,可用"of+关系代词+the+名词"或"whose+名词"替换。
☛Westudyinaclassroom,thedoorofwhich/ofwhichthedoor/whosedoorfacessouth.我们在门朝南的教室里学习。
用"介词+关系代词"填空
1.Therearetennovelsontheshelf,________fiveareinEnglish.
2.Whoisthegirl________yourmotheristalking?
3.Thisisthesong________IoftenlistenintheGlobeDanceHall.
4.Icanseetheplayground________hedoessports.
5.Idon’tliketheway________theytreattheirparents.
【答案】
1.ofwhich2.to/with/about;whom
3.towhich4.onwhich
5.inwhich
.用适当的介词填空
1.Doyoulikethebook________whichshepaid$10?
2.Doyoulikethebook________whichshelearnedalot?
3.Doyoulikethebook________whichsheoftentalks?
4.Thelibrary________whichstudentsoftenstudywasonfirelastnight.
5.Thereason________whichhedidn’tcomewasthathewasill.
6.I’llneverforgetthetime________whichIlivedinthecountryside.
7.Thewoman________whomSpielbergismarriedisanactress.
8.Shedidn’tknowtheteacher________whomIturnedforadvice.
9.Londonisthecity________whichthe30thSummerOlympicswereheld.
10.Chinahasalotofrivers,thesecondlongest_______whichistheYellowRiver.
.完成句子
1.Believeitornot,Idon’tlike____________________hespoketome.
信不信由你,我不喜欢他对我讲话的方式。
2.Heborrowedabooktheotherday,___________________isaworker.
那天他借了一本书,书的作者是一名工人。
3.Thankyouforyourhelp,____________________wecouldnothavefinishedtheworkontime.
感谢你的帮助,没有你的帮助我们不可能按时完成工作。
4.Whodoyousupposeistheman_____________________ourteacheristalking?
你知道正在和我们老师谈话的人是谁吗?
5.Thereason_____________________IboughttherosesisthatMarylikesthem.
我买玫瑰的原因是玛丽喜欢。
I.读下列含有定语从句的句子,试着找出定语从句的先行词和引导词
1.ThisisthereasonforwhichhelovesZhuJun.
先行词:
_____________________________ 引导词:
_____________________________
2.HewillneverforgetthedayonwhichhewenttoBeijing.
先行词:
_____________________________ 引导词:
_____________________________
3.Isthiscompanytheoneinwhichyouworkedhalfayearago?
先行词:
_____________________________ 引导词:
_____________________________
4.Thereisaholeonthewallthroughwhichhecanseewhat’shappeninginside.
先行词:
_____________________________ 引导词:
_____________________________
5.Doyouknowtheboywithwhomourteacheristalking?
先行词:
_____________________________ 引导词:
_____________________________
.七选五
根据短文内容,从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。
选项中有两项为多余选项。
Tapdancing(踢踏舞)ismainlyabouttherhythmsyoucreateandhowyoucreatethem.Therhythmscanbeassimpleorasdifficultasyouchoose.Somepeoplebeginwiththeeasyrhyme.1
Astoddlers(刚学走路的小孩),welearnveryquicklyhowtowalkandthentorun.Butoncewelearntogettowherewewanttogo,wetypicallystop"teaching"ourfeet.Whenwewalk,weareusuallygoinginaforwarddirectionwhilesteppingright,left,right,left,etc.2Weoftenmakeseveralsoundswhilestandingononefootbeforeshiftingtotheotherfoot.Inotherwords,thetapdancermustbecomeveryawareofwhereheneedshisbodyweighttogotoinordertohelpcreatethestep!
Althoughthemajorityoftheactionintapdancingrestsatthefeet,thetruthisthattheentirebodyneedstobeinvolved.Thinkofarhythm.Youcanlistentoyourfavoritesongtohelpyoufindoneifyoulike.3Nowthatyouhaveyourrhythminyourhead,seehowmanydifferentwaysyoucanthinkoftotapoutthatrhythmwithyourfeet.4Thisisjustanexerciseindifferentwaystochangeyourweight.
Whenthemusicmoves,youmovetothemusic.Pretendthefloorisabigdrumandyourfeetarethedrumsticks!
5Sodonotbeafraidtopickupsometapshoesandjoinin!
Thereisnomorepreciouspossessionanyonecouldhold.
A.Oryoucansimplyusethehappybirthdaysong.
B.Abeautifulsongwithsweetmusichastobechosen.
C.Donotworryabout"lookinggood".
D.Anurseryrhyme(童谣)canbeagreatrhythmtostartwith.
E.Alwayscarewhatyourappearanceislikeinthedancing.
F.Thepossibilitiesareendlessandsoisthefun.
G.Butintapdancingwemaymoveforward,backward,sideways,upanddown,ornotinanydirectionatall!
.书面表达
假定你是李华,你的英国笔友Jack感到自己弹吉他的方法不对,在得知你擅长弹吉他后,来信询问一些提高吉他演奏水平的建议。
请你用英语给他写一封回信,注意以下几点:
(1)词数100左右;
(2)给出不少于三条建议。
____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
1.(2016·浙江)Scientistshaveadvancedmanytheoriesaboutwhyhumanbeingscrytears,noneof__________hasbeenproved.
A.whomB.whichC.whatD.that
2.(2016·江苏)Manyyoungpeople,most____________werewell-educated,headedforremoteregionstochasetheirdreams.
A.ofwhichB.ofthem
C.ofwhomD.ofthose
3.(2015·浙江)Creatinganatmosphere_____________employeesfeelpartofateamisabigchallenge.
A.asB.whose
C.inwhichD.atwhich
4.(2015·重庆)Hewrotemanychildren’sbooks,nearlyhalfof____________werepublishedinthe1990s.
A.whomB.whichC.themD.that
5.(2015·安徽)Someexpertsthinkreadingisthefundamentalskillupon____________schooleducationdepends.
A.itB.thatC.whoseD.which
.用适当的介词填空
1.for2.from
3.about4.in
5.for6.during
7.to8.to
9.in10.of
II.完成句子
1.theway(that/inwhich)2.theauthorofwhich
3.withoutwhich4.withwhom
5.forwhich
I.读下列含有定语从句的句子,试着找出定语从句的先行词和引导词
1.thereason;forwhich
2.theday;onwhich
3.theone;inwhich
4.ahole;throughwhich
5.theboy;withwhom
.七选五
【语篇解读】本文是一篇说明文,主要介绍了怎样跳踢踏舞。
首先介绍了什么是踢踏舞,然后对在跳踢踏舞的过程中应该注意的问题进行了说明。
1.D【解析】根据空处前一句”Somepeoplebeginwiththeeasyrhyme"可推断出,此处作者可能提出一个建议,故选D。
2.G[解析]根据窒处前_句"Whenwewalk,weareusuallygoinginaforwarddirectionwhilesteppingright,left,right,leftetc空处是与前面的对比,即学跳踢踏舞与学步时是不一样的。
故选G。
3.A【解析】由空处前一句"Youcanlistentoyourfavoritesongtohelpyoufindoneifyoulike"可知,这里是对选择歌曲的建议,A项中的"Oryoucan"与空处前一句中的"Youcanlistento"相对应,故选A。
4.C【解析】从该空下一句"Thisisjustanexerciseindifferentwaystochangeyourweight"可知选C,不要担心跳舞的样子看起来是否好看,这只是一种不同方式的减肥运动。
5.F【解析】根据最后一段的最后一句"Sodonotbeafraidtopickupsometapshoesandjoinin"可知选F,跳踢踏舞有无尽的可能性且乐趣多多,所以不要害怕,挑选一些踢踏舞鞋来加入吧。
.书面表达
【参考范文】
DearJack,
YouhaveaskedmeformyadviceonhowtoimproveyourguitarplayingskillandIwilltrytogivesomeusefuladvice.Hereiswhatyouneedtodo:
First,youshouldgetexcitedassoonasyoubecomeawareofyourproblemsinyourguitarplaying,becauseyouareabouttobecomeabetterguitarplayer!
Isuggestyouworkononeproblematatime.Asaresult,thoseproblemswillbesolvedonebyone.Besides,Ithinkyoushouldfindatrulyexperiencedguitarteacherandstudyunderhisguidancetoimproveyourguitarplaying.
Whatismore,staypatientandpersevere.Focusontheendresultyouwanttoachieveinyourguitarplayingatalltimesandyou’resuretobesuccessful.
Yours,
LiHua
1.B【解析】考查定语从句。
句意:
科学家已经提出了许多关于人类为什么会流泪的理论,其中没有一个得到了证明。
该句中的先行词是manytheories,关系词在定语从句中作硬的宾语,应该用关系代词which,noneofwhich共同构成从句的主语,故选B项。
2.C【解析】考查定语从句。
定语从句的先行词是youngpeople,most表示他们中的大多数,因此应该使用mostofwhom。
因为先行词指人,不能选择ofwhich。
3.C【解析】句意:
营造一种氛围,让员工们感觉(自己)是团队的一分子,此乃一大挑战。
先行词是atmosphere,空处在定语从句中作地点状语,"在……氛围中"用介词in,所以选C。
4.B【解析】句意:
他写了许多儿童读物,几乎有一半的书是在二十世纪九十年代出版的。
逗号之后是一个修饰children’sbooks的非限制性定语从句,which指代children’sbooks。
5.D【解析】Someexpertsthink是主句,主句之后是省略了连词that的宾语从句;在名词skill之后则是一个由"介词upon+关系代词"引导的定语从句,定语从句中的主语schooleducation前不需要加限定词,故排除作定语的whose,此处应填入关系代词which。
句意:
一些专家认为阅读是学校教育所依赖的基本技能。
Writing:
如何写征求建议的信件
征求建议的信件是信件的一种,写信人就某一方面的问题向对方(老师、上级、长辈、专业人士或机构等)征求意见。
在写这类作文时,要注意以下几点:
1.开门见山。
直截了当地提出自己的问题、困惑。
2.态度诚恳,言辞礼貌。
3.信件末尾要表示感谢。
写作模板
Dear...,
I’m...Iamwritingtoaskforsomehelp.Ihavesomedifficultyin....Wouldyouliketohelpme...?
Iwillappreciateitifyoucan..._______________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________