语法填空专项指导 2.docx
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语法填空专项指导2
语篇填空题专项指导
一.题型特点
Ⅰ考点分析
1.根据句子结构确定词性
词类
说明
虚词
介词冠词连词
实词
动词名词形容词副词代词关系代词关系副词
语法填空题主要考察词类:
Adv,主谓adv(prep)artadj宾,conj句子
n/propvn/prop(,)引导词+句子
,非谓语动词
句子基本结构
2.根据语法知识,确定词性和词形
词性
考查重点
动词
谓语的时态、语态、单复数;非谓语的三种形式
名词
单复数
形容词/副词
比较级最高级
介词
各个介词与动词或名词的搭配
冠词
不定冠词a/an与定冠词the的区别
连词
状语从句间的逻辑关系
代词
充当不同句子成分的不同代词
引导词
定语从句名词性从句的用法
Ⅱ语法填空题型分为两类
一类是给出提示词的;一类是纯空格的题。
1.提示词:
结合语法填空题的特点,给出提示词的题目一般要考查的考点为:
动词时态、语态、动词的单复数、非谓语动词、形容词和副词的比较级和最高级、及同源词转化等。
答案可能是一个单词、两个单词或两个以上单词。
2.纯空格题:
答案只有一个词
1)语法词所谓的语法词和语境之间关系不是很大,一般通过语法结构就可以答题。
语法词包括以下几类:
第1类:
介词;
第2类:
并列连词(and,so,but,or);定语从句的关系词;名词性从句的连接词;状语从句的从属连词(although/though,till/until出错较多);疑问代词疑问副词等
第3类:
先行it(形式主语、形式宾语)、虚义it及存在句中的引词there;
第4类:
强调结构中的that,who;一些固定结构;倒装结构的功能词
2)语境词主要是通过上下文才能填出来的词,主要包括:
第1类:
冠词a(an)the
第2类:
代词
1)不定代词:
some,any,no以及它们的合成词,one,none,all,every,each,other,another,either,neither,both,half,many,much,little,few等
2)人称代词
3)形容词性物主代词
4)反身代词
5)指代词
二、解题思路
做语法填空题时,可以用一种由大及小的思路去(其根据是此题的特点---语境与语法相结合)思考答案。
也就是说,可以从“篇章,句子,词汇”三个层面去思考。
1.通读全文,把握语篇
通读全文的目的是把握好文章的大意,为下一步“填空”做好“语义”上的准备,因为“语义”决定了空白处应填一个什么意思的词语并采用什么样的语法形式。
大忌:
不要读一句就填一个答案,仅仅看空格前后局部的结构,迅速作答。
这似乎加快了答题的速度,但事实上会使你欲速则不达。
2.结合语境,依据句法、词法知识填空。
基本了解文章大意后,就可以动手填空了。
分析句子结构与空格、边读边填,遇到一时想出来的答案,不要用太多时间停留在此题上,先跳过去,做后面的题,待填完其他空格后,再回过头来细细推敲此空的语义,填入最佳单词。
3.验证复查。
将所有答案填入空格,并把整篇文章从头至尾读一遍,看其在逻辑、语法结构、搭配方面是否无误。
三、解题技巧
Ⅰ.提示词
(1)给出动词填空的解题技巧。
首先,判断要填的动词是谓语动词还是非谓语动词。
然后按照以下两点进行思考:
技巧一:
若句中没有别的谓语动词,或者虽然已有谓语动词,但需填的动词与之是并列关系时,所给动词就是谓语动词;若是谓语动词,就要考虑时态和语态。
1.IfI_________(elect)asvicepresidentofourEnglishclub,I
__________(organize)allkindsofactivitiestoenrichourschoollife.
2.ThatwasdefinitelynotanattractiveideasoIpolitelydeclinedherinvitation,______(close)mybookandwalkedaway.
3.InLogan,threepeople______(take)toahospital,whileothersweretreatedatalocalclinic.
4.Theirpersonalsafetycouldnot______(guarantee)
5.Uptonow,thesmoghasoccurredmanytimes,which________(do)greatharmtoourdailylife.
6.Everynowandthen,alotofflights__________(delay)becauseoflowvisibility.
7.Theysuggestedthatwe_________(take)somewarmclothes.
技巧二:
若句中已有谓语动词,又不是并列谓语时,所给动词就是非谓语动词。
若是非谓语动词就要确定用-ing形式、-ed形式,还是用不定式形式。
确定的方法主要有:
1)作主语或宾语,通常用—ing形式表示习惯或一般情况,用不定式表示具体的情况。
如:
1.…butitisnotenoughonly____________(memorize)rulesfromagrammarbook.
2.______(speak)outyourinnerfeelingwon’tmakeyoufeelashamed,onthecontrary…
2)作目的状语或者在形容词后的作状语,一般用不定式。
如:
1.______________(complete)theprojectasplanned,we’llhavetoworktwomorehoursaday.
2.Somepeoplesaythatoldestchildren,whoaresmartandstrong-willed,areverylikely____________(succeed).
3)作伴随状语,常用分词,与逻辑主语是主动关系,用现在分词,是被动关系,用过去分词。
如:
1.Hesawthestone,___________(say)tohimself:
“Thenightwillbeverydark.”
2.Theheadmasterwentintothelab,________(follow)bytheforeignguests.
4)不论非谓语动词在句中作何种成分,若判断需要用分词,与逻辑主语是主动关系用—ing形式,是被动关系用—ed形式。
巩固练习:
1.____________(avoid)suchtroubles,itisyourresponsibilitytoknowtherulesbeforeyourflighttakesofffor/towardsyourdestination.
2.Igotonthebusandfoundaseatneartheback,andthenInoticedaman________(sit)atthefront.
3.Afreehotline__________(offer)helptoteenagerswasopenedinGuangzhouProvincerecently.
4.________(give)anotherchancetoattendthecollegeentranceexamination,Iwillsparenoeffortstostudyallthesubjectswell.
5.__________(live)abetterlife,weshouldtakeaseriesofmeasures.
6.Hewentout,________(wear)amaskinhazyweather.
7.____________(realize)thegreatharm_____(cause)bythesmog,Iwenttoworkwiththepublictransportation.
8.Weshouldplantmoretrees________(absorb)andcleanthe________(pollute)air.
9.Onlyinthiswaycanwesaveourselvesfrom______________(harm)bysmog.
(2)词类转换题的解题技巧
根据该词在句子所作句子成分确定用哪种形式。
具体方法有:
技巧一:
作主语、在及物动词或介词后作宾语,用名词形式。
如:
1.WhenChina’sancientscientificandtechnological____________(achieve)arementioned,thenationwillgenerallyrefertotheFourGreatInventions.
2.Thesepeoplehavemadegreat____________(contribute)toChinawiththeirwork.
3.Ifeveryoneisawareoftheimportanceofenvironmental____________(protect),wewillregainafresh,cleanandbrightworldsoon.
4.Wecanmakeagreat________(contribute)toourearthbymakingafewsmallchanges.
5.…instructorsexpectstudentstobefamiliarwith___________(inform)inthereading…
6.Shestoodandlookedatmewithgreat____________(astonish)
7.Themotherisworriedthatthekidistooyoungtohandletwokindsofdifferent______________.(pronounce)
技巧二:
在形容词性物主代词后,或者在“冠词(+形容词)”后,用名词形式。
如:
1.…theremainsdatefromthisperiodbecauseoftheir___________(similar)tothosefoundelsewhere.
2.Withthelargenumbersofstudents,the____________(operate)ofthesystemdoesinvolveacertainamountofactivity.
3.…therewasalotofinformationaboutthecity’swell-knowntourist___________(attract)…
技巧三:
作表语、定语或补语,通常用形容词形式。
如:
1.Whentheentiresocietystartsmakingthesechanges,wewillcreatea___________(beautify)world.
2.Weshouldplayan_________(act)partindealingwiththehazyweather.
3.Theyoungsterimmediatelyfelt________(silence)astearsflewdownfromhisbigblueeyes.
4.Ina________(danger)partoftheseaoffthecoastofNewZealand,theylearntto…
5.Teachersmusttrytheirbesttomakemostoftheirstudents________(interest)inthesubject
6.Mygrandfatherisso____________(forget)thatyou’llhavetoremindhimofhismedicineeverytime.
技巧四:
修饰动词、形容词、副词,或整个句子,作状语,用副词形式。
如:
1.Hemustbe_________(mental)disabled.
2.Theremustbesomething_________(serious)wrongwithoursociety.
3.Singlesareflocking(涌向)totheInternet__________(main)becausetheirbusylifestylesleavethemlittletime…
4.___________(similar),Godwantstotesttheevolutionoftwomen’sintelligence.
5.Butsuchasmallthingcouldn’t___________(possible)destroyavillage.
6.AsthecommunicationbetweenChinaandBritainisbecoming61(increasing)frequent,thedifferencesbetweenthemhavecausedaheateddiscussioninthepastfewyears.
技巧五:
括号中所给词有可能是要求词义转换,词类不一定要变,主要是考查具有与词根意义相反的派生词,需根据句子意思及前后逻辑关系,在词根前加un—,im—等,在词根后加—less等。
如:
1.Peoplecertainlyhaveavarietyofreasonsforgoingbacktoschoolbutoneimportantthingtoknowis,noknowledgeis________(use).
2.Yourmistakecausedalotof________(necessary)workintheoffice.
3._____________(fortunate),nothavingcelebratehis80thbirthday,theoldmanpassedaway.
4.You’renotgoodatsomeschoolsubjectsoritis___________(possible)foryoutobecomeawriter.
技巧六:
若是形容词或副词,有可能是考查其比较等级。
如:
1.Theotherfrogwentonjumpingashardashecould…Hejumpedeven__________(hard)andfinallymadehimselfout.
2.AndI’msureitwouldbe_______(close)toyourworkthanyourpresentapartment.
3.We’vegotsomebeautifulfreshfish—straightofftheboatthismorning!
Havealookatthissalmon.Youwon’tfinda_________(fresh)pieceoffishintown!
4.Themorepracticeyoudo,the__________(good)yourEnglishwillbecome.
5.IthinkEnglishisoneof________________(important)subjectsinmiddleschool.
6.Thiskindoffoodmustbe______________(delicious)thanthatone.
7.Beihaiparkisoneof____________(beautiful)parksinBeijing.
8.Who’s________(careful),Tom,JimorKate?
9.Thatis________(easy)ofall.
Ⅱ.纯空格题的解题技巧。
首先,分析句子结构,确定填哪类词;根据句子意思确定填什么词或根据两句间的逻辑关系,确定用什么样的关联词。
具体有以下六种技巧:
技巧一:
缺主语或宾语,一定是填代词或名词(代词考的更多,名词侧重固定搭配)。
1.Well,IamgoingtotheMuseumofNaturalHistorynextweekend.Willyoujoin____?
2.Recentlythegovernmentisreallypaying_______toenvironmentalissues.
3.—Wouldyouliketeaorcoffee?
—______,thankyou.I'vejusthadsomewater.
4.Tomtoldmethatheneededachairandthatsoonhefound________.
5.Theyadapted__________tothenewenvironmentquickly.
6.totellthe______(true),I’mnotreallyinterestedingoingthere.
7.YouknowIlovebeingadoctor,andIwouldn’tgive65up!
8.Thecouplelookedreallylikethethieves.MaybeIshouldcallthepolice.Justthen,Isaw______saygoodbyetoeachother.
9.Inaword,theyquiteenjoyed__________there.
技巧2:
名词前若没有限定词(冠词,形容词性物主代词,不定代词等),很可能要填限定词。
1.WearegladtohaveMrHenryStonewithus,_________famouswriterinthiscountry.
2.Istillworkforsamehospital.
3.Itissaidthatashort-temperedmanintheSongDynasty(960—1279)wasveryanxioustohelp______ricecropgrowupquickly.
4.Ifitisyourbirthday,youdon’tneedtopayacent.Justblowoutthecandlesandopenthegifts.Thatmakesthebirthdayspecialday.
技巧3:
根据固定搭配填介词
1.whoshouldhavethehonorofreceivingme_____aguestintheirhouse.
2.Theyareangry________changes.
3.Myfishis________thebestquality.
4.Younevergot________trouble.
5.Butitallworkedout_______theend.
6.Godiswellpleased_______himandrewardshimalot.
7.Itsounds_______agoodidea.
8.Theonlyreasonamanwouldsell______alowerpricewouldbebecausethathewasdesperateformoney.
9.Heis______chargeofthecompany.
10.______addition,thestaffofthehotelswere_________(help)andfriendly.
技巧4:
若两句之间没有连词,也没有分号或句号,一定是填并列连词,连接词,引导词,关系词,从属连词等
1.WhenIwasoldenough,Iasked________Icouldgodiving,soIcouldtakea________(close)lookatalltheamazingthings______(live)underwater.
2.Itwasthebesttimeofmylife.Itwasalsotough,_______Imadeitandbecameacollegegraduate.
3.Ijoinedagroupofteenagers_________helpscientistswiththeirresearch.
4.Ithasbeenalmosttenyears_______wegraduated.
5.Amanwhoreallyknowshowtolearnwillalwaysbesuccessful,_____