新人教版高中英语必修第三册同步习题精做 Unit 4 Space Exploration 第一课时.docx

新人教版高中英语必修第三册同步习题精做 Unit 4 Space Exploration 第一课时.docx

《新人教版高中英语必修第三册同步习题精做 Unit 4 Space Exploration 第一课时.docx》由会员分享，可在线阅读，更多相关《新人教版高中英语必修第三册同步习题精做 Unit 4 Space Exploration 第一课时.docx（9页珍藏版）》请在冰豆网上搜索。

新人教版高中英语必修第三册同步习题精做Unit4SpaceExploration第一课时

英语24字整体教学法：

超前集中整体掌握强化训练习题精做学一带四课外拓展

授课模式特点：

科学全面系统快速高效实用

同步习题精做

十三　Unit4　Period1

Ⅰ.阅读理解

A

　　ModerndayrobotsmaynotbeasentertainingasR2D2ortherobotfromLostinSpace,butrobotsareveryimportanttospaceexplorationandarebeingusedinavarietyofdifferentwaysforseveralimportantreasons.

　　Robotsmakegreatexplorersonplanets,moons,andotherlandingareas.Asidefromtheearth,justabouteverysurfaceinthesolarsystemisunsafeforhumanstoexplore.Theaironmostotherplanetsisinsufficientforhumanstobreathe,makingitnecessarytowearaspacesuitandoxygenequipment.Thetemperaturesonthesesurfacesaremuchtoohotormuchtoocoldforanyhumanstowithstand.Plustherewouldbecomplicationswithradiation,weather,andalackofgravity.Robotshavemuchlesslimitationintheseareasandcansurvivemuchlongerundertheseconditions.

　　Robotsaredesignedforcollectingscientificdata.Robotsarealsoabletoperformmanytasksatonetimeandcanprocessinformationmuchquickerandmoreefficiently.Importantscientificprojectsfromdetectingminerals,analyzinggroundsamples,tofindingwaterareallperformedmuchquickerandaccuratelybyrobots.

　　Theuseofrobotshasmadethecostofspaceexplorationmuchlessexpensivethanitwouldcostforhumanstodothework.Inordertosuccessfullysendhumansintospacewewouldneedtobuildavehiclethatcannotonlycarryhumans,butalsoenoughfoodandwatertokeepthemaliveforthedurationofthetrip.Moreover,robotshavenoproblemsworkingforhoursonend.Robotsnevercomplain,theydon’trequirefoodorwater,andtheyneverneedabathroombreak.

　　Overthepast30yearsorsotherehavebeenmanydifferenttypesofrobotsusedsuccessfullyintheexplorationofspace.PerhapsthemostfamousandsuccessfulrobotsareSpiritandOpportunitywhohavebothbeenexploringthesurfaceofMars.TheyhavebothbeenverysuccessfulwithexperimentsonsoilandrocksandhaveevenfoundevidenceofwaterinMars’history.

【语篇概述】本文是一篇说明文,介绍了机器人对太空探索非常重要,机器人正被用于太空探索。

1.Whichofthefollowingwouldbethebesttitleforthepassage?

A.TheDevelopmentofRobots

B.TheDiscoveryofSpaceExploration

C.NoRobots,NoSpaceExploration

D.RobotsAreUsedinSpaceExploration

【解析】选D。

主旨大意题。

根据第一段中的“butrobotsareveryimportanttospaceexplorationandarebeingusedinavarietyofdifferentwaysforseveralimportantreasons”可知,本文主要介绍了机器人正被用于太空探索,故D项正确。

2.Accordingtothepassage,whichofthefollowingisNOTtrue?

A.Theuseofrobotsinspaceexplorationcostsmorethantheuseofhumans.

B.Itisdangerousforhumanstoexploreothersurfacesinthesolarsystemexcepttheearth.

C.BothSpiritandOpportunityhavefoundtheevidenceofwateronMars.

D.Manydifferenttypesofrobotshaveexploredthespacesuccessfully.

【解析】选A。

细节理解题。

根据倒数第二段中的“Theuseofrobotshasmadethecostofspaceexplorationmuchlessexpensivethanitwouldcostforhumanstodothework.”可知,用机器人进行太空探索的花费比人类从事这项工作的花费更少,故选A。

3.Theunderlinedword“withstand”inParagraph2mostprobablymeans“______”. 

A.remain　　　　　　B.bear

C.defeatD.develop

【解析】选B。

词义猜测题。

根据画线词前的“Thetemperaturesonthesesurfacesaremuchtoohotormuchtoocoldforanyhumansto”可知,温度太高或太低,任何人都无法忍受,由此可知画线词词义为“忍受”,故选B。

4.Whatisthewriter’sattitudeinthispassage?

A.Negative.B.Persuasive.

C.Subjective.D.Objective.

【解析】选D。

观点态度题。

纵观全文可知,作者只是客观地介绍了机器人在太空探索中的应用,并没有带任何自己的主观看法。

故选D。

B

Spaceiswhereourfutureis—tripstotheMoon,Marsandbeyond.Mostpeoplewouldthinkthatasidefromcometsandstars,therewaslittleelseoutthere.But,sinceourspacejourneystartedwehaveleftsomuchtrashtherethatscientistsarenowconcernedthatifwedon’tcleanitup,wemayallbeingreatdanger.

Thefirstpieceofspacejunkwascreatedin1964,whentheAmericansatelliteVanguardⅠstoppedoperatingandlostitsconnectionwiththegroundcenter.However,sinceitkeptorbitingaroundtheEarthwithoutanyresults,scientistsbecameincreasinglycomfortableabandoningthingsthatnolongerservedanyusefulpurposesinspace.

Itissaidthattherearenowover500,000piecesofman-madetrashorbitingtheEarthatspeedsofupto17,500milesperhour.Thejunkvariesfromtinypiecesofpaintchippedoffrocketstocameras,hugefueltanks,andevenodditemslikethemillion-dollartoolkitthatastronautHeidemarieStefanyshynPiperlostduringaspacewalk.

Themajorproblemwiththespacetrashisthatitmayhitworkingsatellitesanddamagetravelingspaceships.Moreover,piecesofjunkmaycrashwitheachotherandbreakintopieceswhichfallbacktotheEarth.Toavoidthis,scientistshaveinventedseveralwaysforclearingthesky.Groundstationshavebeenbuilttomonitorlargerpiecesofspacetrashtopreventthemfromcrashingintoworkingsatellitesorspaceshuttles.Futureplansincludeacooperativeeffortamongmanynationstostoplitteringinspaceandtocleanupthetrashalreadythere.

【语篇概述】本文是一篇说明文。

文章介绍了太空被人类航空废弃物污染的现状。

各国开始重视太空垃圾造成的问题以及带来的风险和危害并着手解决这一问题。

5.Whatwasthefirstpieceofman-madespacetrash?

A.Acamera.B.Atoolkit.

C.Afueltank.D.Abrokensatellite.

【解析】选D。

细节理解题。

根据第二段首句可知,第一片人造太空垃圾是一个坏了的卫星,故选D。

6.WhywerescientistsNOTconcernedaboutspacetrashinthebeginning?

A.Itnolongerservedanyusefulpurposes.

B.ItwasmillionsofmilesawayfromtheEarth.

C.Itdidnotcauseanyproblems.

D.Itwasregardedassimilartocometsandstars.

【解析】选C。

细节理解题。

根据第二段第二句可知,科学家最初没有关心太空垃圾,是因为它没有造成任何问题,故选C。

7.Whatcanweconcludefromthepassageaboutspacejunk?

A.Itishuge,heavymachines.

B.Itneverchangesposition.

C.ItfloatsslowlyaroundtheEarth.

D.Itmaycauseproblemsforspaceshuttles.

【解析】选D。

细节理解题。

根据第四段并结合选项可知,太空垃圾可能会给航天飞机带来问题。

故选D。

8.Whathasbeendoneaboutthespacetrashproblem?

A.Scientistshavecleanedupmostofthetrash.

B.Largepiecesofspacetrasharebeingcloselywatched.

C.Manynationshaveworkedtogethertostoppollutingspace.

D.Groundstationsarebuilttohelpstorethetrashproperlyinspace.

【解析】选B。

细节理解题。

根据第四段第四句“Groundstationshavebeenbuilttomonitor...”

可知,现阶段比较大的太空垃圾正在被严密监控,故选B。

Ⅱ.阅读填句

阅读下面短文,从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。

选项中有两项为多余选项。

（2020·天水高一检测）

　　Historyisarecordofwhathashappenedinthepast.　1　Thereallyfascinatingthingisthatmuchofhistoryhasbeenrepeatedtimeandagain.Itallowsustolearnfromthepast,boththemistakesmadeandthesuccessesachieved. 

　　Oneofthebenefitsofhistoryisreadinghowotherpeoplebothfamousandtotallyunknownhaveovercomegreatchallengesintheirlife.Thesechallenges,althoughparticulartoaperson,ortoacertaintimeinthepast,oroccurringinadifferentcountryorculture,allconvey（传达）thesamething.　2　 

　　　3　Hemetwithmanyfailuresontheroadtofinallyinventingthemodern-daylightbulb.Hecouldbeheldoutasanexampleofapersonwhonevergaveup.　4　However,hedidnotletthosefailuresstophim.Hehadadreamandhejustkepttryingdifferentthingsuntilhedidreachsuccess. 

　　Or,considerthestoryofAbrahamLincolnwhomanagedtobecomePresidentoftheUnitedStateseventhoughhesufferedmanysetbacksandpersonallosses.MostofusonlyrealizethesuccessofMrLincolnbecomingPresident.　5　Hislifewasnotaneasyone.Hisstoryisonethatmotivatesustokeepmovingforwardnomatterwhatobstacleswehaveinlife. 

A.Ithasalotofinfluenceonus.

B.TakethestoryofThomasEdisonasanexample.

C.Ithassomeveryuniquequalitiesaboutit.

D.Iamsurehewasdiscouragedbyhismanyfailures.

E.Theyconveywisdomintheirshortstoriesofperseverance（毅力）.

F.Fewofusknowaboutthemanychallengeshehadtoovercome.

G.Onlythosewithcouragetofacechallengescanhopetolivetheirdreams.

【语篇概述】历史是对过去发生的事情的记录。

从这些事情中,我们可以学到人类犯过的错误和取得的成就。

1.【解析】选C。

空格前面一句说的是历史是对过去发生的事情的记录。

根据空格后的“Thereallyfascinatingthingisthat...”可知,空格处说的是历史有许多独特性。

2.【解析】选E。

根据前一句“...allconveythesamething.”可知这一句要具体解释什么是“同样的事情”。

3.【解析】选B。

本段主要讲的是爱迪生的故事。

由空格后的内容可知前面应该是以爱迪生为例。

4.【解析】选D。

由空格后的转折词However可知,前后句子是转折关系,空格处应该为“爱迪生肯定为他的多次失败感到气馁过”。

5.【解析】选F。

根据空格前“MostofusonlyrealizethesuccessofMrLincolnbecomingPresident.”可知空格处应为“很少有人知道他必须克服的许多挑战”。

【素养培优】

阅读课文,根据其内容写一篇80词左右的内容概要。

Scientistskeepexploringspaceformanyyearsandhaveachieveddevelopment. 

In1957,USSRlaunchedthefirstsatelliteintospace,orbitingaroundEarth.In1961,YuriGagarinbecamethefirstpersonintheworldtobesentintospace.In1969,USastronautNeilArmstrongsetfootonthemoon. 

Chinahasalsomadegreatprogressinspace.In2003,YangLiweiwasindependentlysentintospace. 

　　Despitemanyrisksanddifficulties,scientistsaredeterminedtofurtherstudyotherplanets. 

阅读理解

Theearthistheonlyplanetthatscientiststhinkhaslife.Whydoestheearthhavelifewhiletheotherplanetsdon’t?

Foronething,theearthhastherighttemperature.Asthethirdplanetfromthesun,theearthseemstobejusttherightdistanceaway.Theplanetswhichareclosertothesunaresohotthattheirsurfacesbakeinthesun.Thefarthestplanetsarecoldballs. 

Whentheearthdeveloped—whichscientistsbelievemayhavehappenedabout4billionyearsago—manygasescoveredtheearth.Thegasescausedtheearthtobehot.Butsomethingwonderfulhappened.Thetemperaturewasjustrightforthickcloudstoform.Itrainedveryhardforaverylongtime.Thisgavetheearthitsoceans.Watermadeitpossibleforplantstogrow.Theplantscreatedoxygenintheatmosphere.Oxygenisthegasthathu